Unit 2 Discussion by https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl en-us 2022-06-20 17:50:33 UTC 2023-02-18 04:10:47 UTC hello@padlet.com 1) State the two different divisions of the ANS. Include their alternate names victorianewsom https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2226390217 Two divisions of the ANS: 

Parasympathetic Nervous system; responsible for the “rest & digest” state
  • Cholinergic 

Sympathetic Nervous system; responsible for our “fight, flight, fright” response
  • Adrenergic

]]> 2022-06-21 04:16:05 UTC https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2226390217 4) The receptors of each division with main locations of each receptor. victorianewsom https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2226425044 Sympathetic; Adrenergic. 
  • Alpha-1 adrenergic: receptors located on the postsynaptic effector cells of certain organs and smooth muscle 
    • Glands, smooth muscle, eyes, most arteries & veins
  • Beta-1 Adrenergic: receptors located on the heart
  • Beta-2 Adrenergic: receptors located on the postsynaptic effector cells of smooth muscle & certain organs
    • Smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries
  • Nicotinic 2 (Nm)
Parasympathetic; Cholinergic 
  • Alpha-2
    • Presynaptic nerve terminals
      • muscarinic: cardiac, smooth muscle, glands, post ganglionic nerve endings
      • nicotinic 1 (Nn)
]]> 2022-06-21 04:59:30 UTC https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2226425044 2) What are the neurotransmitters for each division 3) location where each neurotransmitter is released victorianewsom https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2226442401 Parasympathetic: 
  • ACH: presynaptic and postganglionic nerve endings
Sympathetic:
  • ACH: released from presynaptic nerve endings
  • NE: released at postganglionic nerve endings
  • EPI: released at postganglionic nerve endings
  • DA: released from presynaptic nerve endings


]]> 2022-06-21 05:19:38 UTC https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2226442401 5a) What is/are the end organ responses that occur when each transmitter is stimulated. 5b) List the specific organ and state what response is generated in that organ when stimulated by each ANS division. victorianewsom https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2227308899 A. Cholinergic
  • muscarinic: decrease HR, increase digestions, GI secretions, & urination, bronchoconstriction, miosis
  • Nicotinic 1 (Nn): binds ACH 
  • Alpha 2: decrease contraction of smooth muscle, vasodilation, decrease BP
Adrenergic
  • Alpha 1: SM contraction & vasoconstriction -> increase BP, mydriasis
  • Beta 1: ­ increase HR, force of contraction, and conduction of heart
  • Beta 2: relaxation of smooth muscle, bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, vasodilation
B. Cholinergic Division 
  • Heart: decrease HR & AV conduction
  • Intestines/GI motility: increased
  • Eyes: miosis
  • Lungs: bronchoconstriction of lower respiratory passages
  • Urinary tract: relaxation of the sphincter, contraction of the bladder
Adrenergic Division
  • Arteries: vasoconstriction (with exceptions of coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle)
  • Heart: Increase HR & AV conduction. Increase contractility 
  • Intestines/GI motility: decreased
  • Eyes: mydriasis 
  • Lungs: bronchodilation of lower respiratory passages
  • Urinary tract: contraction of urinary sphincter, relaxation of bladder
]]> 2022-06-22 01:26:56 UTC https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2227308899 6) The drug classifications for each division of the ANS. Under each classification, identify which receptors are interacted with, then include the action that occurs. victorianewsom https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2228196455 SNS; adrenergic
  1.  Alpha 1 Adrenergic agonists 
    1. stimulates alpha 1 receptors 
  2. alpha 1 adrenergic blocker
    1. blocks alpha 1 receptors
  3. Adrenergic agonist
    1. stimulates to both alpha and beta receptors 
  4. Beta 1 adrenergic agonist
    1. low dose stimulates dopaminergic receptors
    2. mid dose stimulates beta 1 receptors
    3. high dose stimulates alpha 1 receptors
  5. Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
    1. stimulates beta 2 receptors
  6. Beta adrenergic blockers
    1. Selective beta 1 blockers
      1. blocks beta 1 receptors
    2. nonselective beta blockers
      1. blocks both beta 1 & 2 receptors
PSNS; cholinergic
  1.  Direct acting cholinergic agonist
    1. stimulates muscarinic receptors
  2. Indirect acting cholinergic agonist
    1. blocks/inhibits acetylcholinesterase; buildup of ACH at all receptors
  3. Anticholinergic
    1. binds to & blocks a cholinergic receptor

]]> 2022-06-22 21:44:25 UTC https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2228196455 7) The specific drug examples found on your drug list under each drug classification including generic (lowercase) and brand (capitalized in parentheses with the trademark symbol at the end- ®) victorianewsom https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2486929262 SNS; adrenergic
  1.  Alpha 1 Adrenergic agonists 
    1. ephedrine
    2. phenylephedrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
  2. alpha 1 adrenergic blocker
    1. prazosin (Minipress®)
    2. terazosin (Hytrin®)
    3. doxazosin (Cardura®)
  3. Adrenergic agonist
    1. epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
  4. Beta 1 adrenergic agonist
    1. dobutamine
  5. Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
    1. formoterol (Foradil®)
    2. albuteral (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
    3. terbutaline (Brethine®)
  6. Beta adrenergic blockers
    1. Selective beta 1 blockers
      1. atenolol (Tenormin®)
      2. metoprolol (Lopressor®)
    2. nonselective beta blockers
      1. nadolol (Corgard®)
      2. propranolol (Inderol®)
      3. timolol (Blocadren®)
PSNS; cholinergic
  1.  Direct acting cholinergic agonist
    1. acetylcholine
    2. pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
    3. bethanechol (Urecholine®)
  2. Indirect acting cholinergic agonist
    1. neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
  3. Anticholinergic
    1. atropine
    2. dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

]]> 2023-02-18 03:46:41 UTC https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2486929262 Sources victorianewsom https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2486936717 Hitner Text
ANS 1 & 2 Lecture from Professor Tammie Petersen, HPRS 2300, Round Rock Campus]]> 2023-02-18 04:10:01 UTC https://padlet.com/victorianewsom/dhz6o5i7x29at0fl/wish/2486936717