https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn Each question is answered in order en-us 2024-01-30 18:10:48 UTC 2024-01-31 07:31:51 UTC hello@padlet.com https://v1.padlet.pics/1/image?t=c_limit%2Cdpr_2%2Ch_263%2Cw_500&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com%2F349060839%2Fe789e1799d554bc2873e71e46e2d1aca%2FIMG_0064.png camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867549210 Stage 1: Signal Reception
Signal Reception is when the cell detects a signal when a chemical signal, or ligand binds to a receptor protein on the cell surface. 
Stage 2: Signal Transduction
Signal Transduction is when the signaling molecule changes the cell-surface receptor protein, the signal is passed on by each molecule changing the next molecule in the pathway.
Stage 3: Cellular Response
Cellular Response is when signals transmitted eventually reach target proteins that are responsible for specific cellular processes. The response caused by the target protein can to changes to; gene expression, metabolic enzyme activity, reorientation of the cytoskeleton, activation of apoptosis which is when the death of cells occurs.]]> 2024-01-30 22:55:26 UTC https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867549210 camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867587521 What’s the difference?
Local signaling includes paracrine signaling which is when  cells communicate uses a secreted messenger molecules travel only short distances, as well as synaptic signaling occurs when  a neurotransmitter is releases in response to an electric signal. But in long-distance signaling it includes hormones which travel to target cells that aren’t close. ]]> 2024-01-30 23:56:31 UTC https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867587521 camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867603402 Cellular responses can change and differ in different cells depend on internal signal transduction the case has. The changes vary depending on the sets of receptor proteins the cell possesses which can determine the particular subset of signals it can respond and according to the cell “machinery” by which the cell responds to the signals it receives.]]> 2024-01-31 00:13:19 UTC https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867603402 camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867613530 A ligand is a molecule that binds it another molecule (a receptor) sends signals within or between the cells. They depend on the receptors they attach to, these protein molecules can cause changes within the cell to start or end cellular process.]]> 2024-01-31 00:24:55 UTC https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867613530 camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867613940 A receptor that is good for triggering several pathways at once is tyrosine kinases, it’s like a family of enzymes which catalyze phosphorylation of select tyrosine residues in target proteins by using ATP. This mechanism can activate several different pathways, ten or more transduction pathways specifically and cellular responses. The proteins bind to each phosphorylation tyrosine, which can create a response from each protein.]]> 2024-01-31 00:25:21 UTC https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867613940 camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867614065 Transduction basically means to convert. Since the transduction main three steps include signaling, signaling is when signals are transmitted to all the needed areas and alerting the cells, muscles, etc with all the information they need to do their job. So, it is the conversion of a signal into a cellular response.]]> 2024-01-31 00:25:28 UTC https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867614065 camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867614409 Phosphorylation cascade is where one enzyme phosphorylates another and causes a reaction leading to the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. The phosphorylation that occurs activates each protein, while dephosphorylation returns the protein to its inactive form.]]> 2024-01-31 00:25:50 UTC https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867614409 camposa464 https://padlet.com/camposa464/dhvnftkghgi222gn/wish/2867614500 What is Type II Diabetes in signal transduction language?
Diabetes is when the cell responds poorly to the insulin and takes in less sugar. Insulin binds to the receptor normally. The signal is not sent into the cell, the cells do not take up glucose and that results in high blood sugar levels cause chronic organ damage.


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