2.The Declaration of Independence, written by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson, outlined important ideas of liberalism and republicanism.

3.General Washington faced challenges in the New York campaign but managed to achieve a surprise victory at the Battle of Trenton in 1776.

Battle of Yorktown

Treaty of Paris

A change for European powers

The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the revolutionary war. The victory of the battle not only stopped the British but also convinced the French to give official military and economic aid to the Americans. Soon after at Valley Forge, the Americans underwent a harsh winter. During the time, Thomas Paine wrote a piece of words called “The Crisis” to encourage the soldiers. Then it came to the Battle of Yorktown, the last major battle of the revolutionary war. Thanks to the French army and several important allies , the Americans won and ended the war. In 1783, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty of Paris, which was the recognition by the British Empire of the independence of the United States. Furthermore, it also changed the sphere of influence of the European powers.

Great Britain introduced The Tea Act in 1773 to assert control over the American colonies and assist the struggling East India Company. This act allowed the company to sell tea directly to the colonies, bypassing middlemen. Despite reducing the price of tea, colonists saw it as a threat to their autonomy. Samuel Adams and others continued to protest, invoking "no taxation without representation." In Boston, protestors prevented tea consignees from unloading shipments. Governor Hutchinson resisted, leading to a standoff. On December 16, 1773, protestors, led by Samuel Adams, prevented the unloading or use of tea, culminating in the Boston Tea Party.

It was organized by the Sons of Liberty, a well-coordinated protest against British taxation. Disguised as Mohawk warriors, the participants boarded three tea ships, smashed open 342 chests of tea, and dumped them into Boston Harbor. The event, supported by figures like Samuel and John Adams, was seen as a defense of colonial rights, although leaders such as Benjamin Franklin and George Washington disapproved. The British responded with the Coercive Acts, which closed Boston Harbor and imposed martial law, uniting colonial opposition and leading to the First Continental Congress and the Revolutionary War. Despite the repeal of the Tea Act in 1778, the cultural impact of the Tea Party diminished tea drinking in favor of coffee, marking a significant step towards war with Great Britain.

Why are protesters pretending to be Indians?