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A318 LP10 - 13: Management of Hazardous Substances

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LP10: Classification of Hazardous Substances

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LP11: Administrative Controls and SQRA

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LP12: Engineering Controls and PPE

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1. Policy and strategy

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Create a comprehensive plan to reduce risk of exposure through inhalation, ingestion, adsorption and injection.

This can be achieved through communication of the purpose of control measures to prevent exposures and the hazards posed to them through the communication of which of the 17 types of hazardous substances

2. Selection and Procurement

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The organization must identify the type and form of hazardous substance before introducing it to the workplace and must have the proper equipment to deal with each of these substances.

Physical forms of hazardous substances
-Gas
-Vapour
-Liquid
-Aerosol
-Fumes
-Mist
-Dust

For example, when bringing a substance that produces fumes, more advanced ventilation systems are needed

3. Register of Chemicals and SDS A

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A register of chemicals should include
-Chemical inventory showing how much and where the chemical is stored
-The types of chemicals being stored
-People who are at risk of exposure to each of the chemicals

People who are at risk of exposure should understand the 4 routes of entry and the factors that affect the toxic effect of substances such as (from L10)
-Dose
-Health conditions
-Form of substance and route of exposure

4. Labelling and Warning Signs

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Carolin
Globally Harmonized System of Classification
and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is used to communicate chemical hazard via:

Chemical hazard classification is classified based on the hazard they pose. Each hazard is classified on the severity of the hazard.
- Physical hazard(16)
- Health hazard(10)
- Environmental hazard(3)
Chemical Product labelling communicate to users the chemicals they are hanlding, the hazard involved and the precautions to take
- GHS label
  1. Product identifier
  2. Pictogram
  3. Signal Word
  4. Hazard Statement
  5. Precautionary Statement
  6. Supplementary Information
  7. Supplier Information
- Reduced workplace Label is applied when hazardous chemicals
  - in containers are < 125ml
  - Decated, transferred or dispensed to secondary containers
  - not supplied to another workplace
  - used in laboratories
  - to be sent for research and analysis
    1. Product identifier
    2. Pictogram
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
- Ensure the safe use of hazardous chemicals by enabling users to
  - Identify hazards of the chemicals
  - Assess the risk involved in handling the chemicals
  - Take precautionary measures to eliminate or minimize the risk
- Communication link between
  - Chemical manufacturer
  - Suppliers and factory occupiers
  - employers who purchase the chemicals
  - employers and employees who use or handle the chemicals
- contain 16 information items in a specific
  sequence

5. Storage and Transportation

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Carolin
Registration for the transport, import, purchase, store and use of the hazardous substance, including emergency response

Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous substances ) Regulations

Code of practice for hazard communication for hazardous chemicals and dangerous goods

SS586-1 : 2014

Storage
Selection of Containment Systems

Types of hazardous chemical
- Containment systems used are selected according to the hazard concerned
Chemical compatibility
- Incompatible chemicals cannot share the same secondary containment system
Size of Secondary Containment
- Based on the hazard of the chemicals and the amount of chemicals stored in the primary containment

Transportation
Vehicles used to transport hazardous chemicals must be

Equipped with suitable fire-fighting equipment
Competent trained in preventing and mitigating accidental releases
Have procedures to provide instructions for staff involved, e.g. Safe work procedures for loading and unloading hazardous chemicals and hazardous chemical transfer operations

Transportation is carried out using the approval routes and timing specified in transport approval by NEA

Licensing, permit and approval are required for the storage and transportation of certain hazardous substances.

Hazardous substance Transport Approval (Environmental Protection and Management(Hazardous Substance Regulations))

6. Risk Assessment and Control

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Carolin
Risk Assessment consists of :

Hazard Identification
- Hazards associating the chemicals
Risk Evaluation
- Potential severity of chemical hazards and likelihood of occurrence of injury or ill health due to the exposure to the chemical hazard
Risk Control
- Control measures to reduce the risk due to hazard chemicals

Control
Hierarchy of controls is used to implement control measures to reduce the risk

Elimination, substitution, engineering Control, Administrative Control ,PPE

7a. Safe Work Procedures (SWP)

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- Defines as any procedures carrying out work safely, taken to protect the safety and health of persons in the event of emergency

- Has to be established when there is no reasonably practices measures to minimize risk at work

- Have to be documented, communicated, can be produced for inspection as and when needed

Scope of SWP:
- Provision of suitable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used to carry out work safely

- Safety precautions in the course of work and during an emergency

8. Workplace Monitoring and Medical Surveillance

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- Requires pre-employment and regular medical examinations
so to monitor workers:
1) Whether they are fit for the job (pre-employment)
2) Health aspects due to exposure to hazardous substances
during course of work so to determine overexposure

As part of medical surveillance, regular tests must be conducted to check for workers' overexposure. Required test intervals are stated in Workplace Safety and Health (Medical Examinations) Regulations

Examples of medical examinations for respiratory protection users are spirometry test, qualitative fit testing, quantitative fit testing

9. Information and Training

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Sarah

10. Emergency Planning and First Aid Procedures

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-established for workers to respond to unplanned events, such as chemical spills, release of toxic chemicals and fires.

-plan should include:
- procedures to take place on-site
- emergency control center
- liaising with relevant authorities

-first-aid programme should be implemented to provide emergency treatment for excessive exposure to toxic chemicals

-first-aid programme should include:
1. first aid facilities
2. first aid personnel
3. types of first aid treatment: based on SDS

11. Waste Disposal

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Javier
-Chemical waste should be classified before disposal
-They can be classified into liquids, sludge, solids or mixed waste
-They are disposed of as toxic industrial industrial waste which are harmful to humans and the environment
-Toxic industrial waste require specific and special ways of management and disposal
-The handling, transportation, treatment and disposal of toxic industrial waste are controlled under the Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations 1988.
-Companies should dispose off their toxic industrial waste with liasion with licensed toxic waste collectors which are licensed by NEA.
-Specific types of chemical waste require different licensed companies that specialise in these toxic chemical waste
This is the list of NEA licensed toxic waste collectors and the corresponding chemicals that they specialice in https://www.nea.gov.sg/docs/default-source/our-services/pollution-control/hazardous-waste/list-of-tiw-collectors-(17-nov-22).pdf

12. Contract Work

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Sarah

7b. PPE

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Selection of PPE:
1) Exposure (concentration of chemicals)
2) Chemical properties
3) Task-related factors: Frequency, length of exposure, working environment, mobility, visibility
4) Operator-related factors (medical fitness of users)
5) Environmental factors

Types of PPE:
1) Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) - protect workers from physical, chemical and biological hazards

2) Gloves - depending on the material of gloves which help to protect the user from certain hazards

3) Respiratory protection - use when working in an oxygen deficiency environment/contaminants. 2 types: Air-purifying to remove contaminants from air; Air-supplied to provide clean source of air

4) Eye protection - 2 types: Primary protector like safety glasses/goggles which has a protective seal form around the eyes; secondary protector like face shields to protect the entire face against chemical hazards

Information on hazardous chemicals

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- Labels, warning signs, SDS
- Safety orientation programmes
- Safety training
- Toolbox meetings
- Documented procedures

Training programmes to ensure staff:

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- Know the legal requirements and their responsibilities
- Know the organiation's management of hazardous chemicals policy
- Understand SWP related to hazardous chemicals
- Familiarize themselves with proper usage of PPE
- Are equipped with first-aid skills
- Familiarize with emergency procedures

Brief contract workers on:

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- SWP developed by the organization
- Hazards posed by chemicals
- Established control measures during contract work involving hazardous chemicals
- Responsibility of contractors for the safety and health of their workers