summary: In 2013, a group of researchers wanted to create an AI system that could beat every Atari game. They developed a system called Deep Q Networks (DQN) and less than two years later, it was superhuman. But there was one notable exception. When playing Montezuma's Revenge, DQN couldn't score a single point.

Nyle DiMarco. Nyle had a good childhood. Although he was born deaf, he had access to proper education and lead a good life. He felt like school was a second home to him, and he was able to effectively learn deaf signs and languages without difficulty. Nyle assumed that ever deaf child had the same childhood as him. Attending a deaf school, and then graduating. However, upon his research, he discovered that there were millions of deaf people in the world, but 70% of it had no access to proper education. Furthermore, most of the deaf children parents who are able to hear would not sign to their children. I feel that Nyle and I can share a common thought and feeling on this. It is very sad to hear that although they are being born with a disability, their own family would not even try to better the condition for them. Moreover, deaf children having no access to education makes me feel like they are being neglected. Imagine being deaf, and not knowing a single thing in the world. Hence, there should be more schools or volunteers scouting for deaf people to attend schools, and public schools should also give deaf children a chance to attend them to let deaf children have interaction with people with no disabilities. We should all be accepting of deaf children and do not show discrimination towards them. Therefore, education should not be something that is unaccessible for deaf children, but something that deaf people can easily get and count it as a fortune.

This is contracted through the role of a teacher. The role is to facilitate learning. That's it. And part of the problem is, I think, that the dominant culture of education has come to focus on not teaching and learning, but testing. Now, testing is important. Standardized tests have a place. But they should not be the dominant culture of education. They should be diagnostic. They should help.

Tests, exams and studies should support learning. It shouldn't obstruct it, which of course it often does. So in place of curiosity, what we have is a culture of compliance. Our children and teachers are encouraged to follow routine algorithms rather than to excite that power of imagination and curiosity. 

The third principle is this: that human life is inherently creative. It's why we all have different résumés. We create our lives, and we can recreate them as we go through them. It's the common currency of being a human being. It's why human culture is so interesting and diverse and dynamic. Other animals may well have imaginations and creativity, but it's not so much in evidence, is it, as ours?

However adults create their own lives through this restless process of imagining alternatives and possibilities, and one of the roles of education is to awaken and develop these powers of creativity. Instead, what they have is a culture of standardization.

It doesn't have to be that way. It really doesn't. Now, we only know that's what they do well at, because that's all that's being tested. That's one of the problems of the test.

Second, there is no standardized testing in Finland. I mean, there's a bit, but it's not what gets people up in the morning, what keeps them at their desks.

But what all the high-performing systems in the world do is currently what is not evident, sadly, across the systems in America as a whole. One is this: they individualize teaching and learning. They recognize that it's students who are learning and the system has to engage them, their curiosity, their individuality, and their creativity. That's how you get students to learn.

The second is that America attribute a very high status to the teaching profession. They recognize that you can't improve education if you don't pick great people to teach and keep giving them constant support and professional development. Investing in professional development is not a cost. It's an investment, and every other country that's succeeding well knows that, whether it's Australia, Canada, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong or Shanghai. They know that to be the case.

And the third is, they devolve responsibility to the school level for getting the job done. You see, there's a big difference here between going into a mode of command and control in education -- That's what happens in some systems. Central or state governments decide, they know best and they're going to tell you what to do. The trouble is that education doesn't go on in the committee rooms of our legislative buildings. It happens in classrooms and schools, and the people who do it are the teachers and the students, and if you remove their discretion, it stops working. You have to put it back to the people.

The point is that education is not a mechanical system. It's a human system. It's about people, people who either do want to learn or don't want to learn. Every student who drops out of school has a reason for it which is rooted in their own biography. They may find it boring. They may find it irrelevant. They may find that it's at odds with the life they're living outside of school.

If you take an area, a school, a district, you change the conditions, give people a different sense of possibility, a different set of expectations, a broader range of opportunities, you cherish and value the relationships between teachers and learners, you offer people the discretion to be creative and to innovate in what they do, and schools that were once bereft spring to life.

Great leaders know that. The real role of leadership in education -- and I think it's true at the national level, the state level, at the school level -- is not and should not be command and control. The real role of leadership is climate control, creating a climate of possibility. And if you do that, people will rise to it and achieve things that you completely did not anticipate and couldn't have expected.

There's a wonderful quote from Benjamin Franklin. "There are three sorts of people in the world: Those who are immovable, people who don't get it, or don't want to do anything about it; there are people who are movable, people who see the need for change and are prepared to listen to it; and there are people who move, people who make things happen." And if we can encourage more people, that will be a movement. And if the movement is strong enough, that's, in the best sense of the word, a revolution. And that's what people need.

Picking an outfit? Many people usually purchase their outfits in retail stores and designs are normally the same. However, this new reality of fashion allows us to design new outfits digitally. Digital fashion is the new, weird and wonderful world of fashion designed for our virtual worlds. Gala Marija is a leader in this emerging field and she showcased what we can wear across the digital channels be it TikTok, Instagram or in the metaverse. She also shared about how it could infinitely expand the creative possibilities of fashion, identity and self expression. Many people think that this digital fashion is not lasting nor is it useful. However, from this video, I learnt that digital fashion can be long lasting and the digital fashion market is going to expand and be huge. Therefore, from this video, i completely changed my view about digital fashion and think that it is a good marketing strategy.

The rest of the car has to be very light to offset the mass of the pack, and then you have to have a low drag coefficient so that you have good highway range. And in fact, customers of the Model S are sort of competing with each other to try to get the highest possible range. I think somebody recently got 420 miles out of a single charge.

Never mention winning, you can lose when you outscore somebody in a game, and you can win when you're outscored.

His advice is to not try to be better than someone else. Instead, learn from others. Always try to be the best you can be 

Wooden also built a pyramid model to provide a framework for how to achieve his definition of success.

00:20

From there I started with skydiving. In this picture you can see there is a four-way skydive, four people flying together, and on the left hand side it's the camera flier with the camera mounted to his helmet so he can film the whole jump, for the film itself and also for the judging.

00:40

From regular, relative skydiving I went on to freeflying. Freeflying is more the three-dimensional skydiving. You can see the skydiver with the red suit, he's in a stand-up position. The one with the yellow-green suit, he's flying head-down. And that's me in the background, carving around the whole formation in freefall also, with the helmet cam to film this jump.

01:08

From freeflying I went on to skysurfing. Skysurfing is skydiving with a board on the feet. You can imagine with this big surface of a skysurfing board, there is a lot of force, a lot of power. Of course I can use this power for example for nice spinning -- we call it "helicopter moves."

01:31

From there I went on to wingsuit flying. Wingsuit flying is a suit, that I can make fly, just only with my body. If I put some tension on my body, tension on my suit, I can make it fly. And as you see the fall rate is much much slower because of the bigger surface. With a proper body position I'm able to really move forward to gain quite some distance. This is a jump I did in Rio de Janeiro. You can see the Copacabana on the left-hand side.

02:07

From there with all the skills and knowledge from paragliding and all the different disciplines in skydiving, I went on to BASE jumping. BASE jumping is skydiving from fixed objects, like buildings, antennae, bridges and earth -- meaning mountains, cliffs. It's for sure -- for me -- it's the ultimate feeling of being in free fall, with all the visual references.

02:37

So my goal soon was to discover new places that nobody had jumped before. So in summer 2000 I was the first to BASE jump the Eiger North Face in Switzerland. Two years after this, I was the first to BASE jump from Matterhorn, a very famous mountain that probably everybody knows in here. 2005 I did a BASE jump from the Eiger, from the Monk and from the Jungfrau, three very famous mountains in Switzerland. The special thing on these three jumps were, I hiked them all and climbed them all in only one day. In 2008 I jumped the Eiffel Tower in Paris. (Laughter)

03:23

So with all this knowledge, I also wanted to get into stunts. So with some friends we started to do different tricks, like for example this jump here, I jumped from a paraglider. Or here -- everybody was freezing, pretty much, except me, because it was very cold in Austria where we did this filming. Everybody sitting in a basket, and I was on top of the balloon, ready to slide down with my skysurf board. Or this jump, from a moving truck on the highway. (Laughter)

04:09

Extreme sports on top level like this is only possible if you practice step by step, if you really work hard on your skills and on your knowledge. Of course you need to be in physical, very good, condition, so I'm training a lot. You need to have the best possible equipment. And probably the most important is you have to work on your mental skills, mental preparation. And all this to come as close as possible to the human dream of being able to fly.

04:47

So for 2009, I'm training hard for my two new projects. The first one, I want to set a world record in flying from a cliff with my wingsuit. And I want to set a new record, with the longest distance ever flown. For my second project, I have a sensational idea of a jump that never has been done before.

05:15

So now, on the following movie you will see that I'm much better in flying a wingsuit than speaking in English. Enjoy, and thank you very much. (Applause)

09:24

(Applause)

09:33

June Cohen: I have some questions. I think we all might have some questions. Question one: so does that actually feel the way the flying dream does? Because it looks like it might.

09:44

Ueli Gegenschatz: Pretty much. I believe this is probably the closest possibility to come to the dream of being able to fly.

09:51

JC: I know the answer to this, but how do you land?

09:54

UE: Parachute. We have to open a parachute just seconds before, I would say, impact. (Laughter) It's not possible to land a wingsuit yet.

10:07

JC: Yet. But people are trying. Are you among those -- you're not going to commit -- are you among those trying to do it?

10:12

UE: It's a dream. It's a dream. Yeah. We're still working on it and we're developing the wingsuits to get better performance, to get more knowledge. And I believe soon.

10:23

JC: All right. Well we will watch this space. But I have two more questions. What is the -- there was exhaust coming out of the back of the wingsuit. Was that a propelled wingsuit that you were wearing?

10:30

UE: Nope. It's just smoke.

10:32

JC: Coming off of you?

10:33

(Laughter)

10:34

UE: Hopefully not.

10:36

(Laughter)

10:37

JC: That seems dangerous.

10:38

UE: No, smoke is for two reasons, you can see the speed, you can see the way where I was flying. That's reason number one. And reason number two: it's much easier for the camera guy to film If I'm using smoke.

10:53

JC: Ah, I see. So the wingsuit is set up to deliberately release smoke so that you can be tracked. One more question. What do you do to to cover your face? Because I just keep thinking of going that fast and having your whole face smushed backwards. Are you in a helmet? Are you in goggles?

11:07

UE: The purest and the best feeling would be with only goggles.

11:10

JC: And is that how you usually fly?

11:13

UE: Usually I'm wearing a helmet. In the mountains I'm always wearing a helmet because of landings -- usually it's difficult -- it's not like regular skydiving where you have like the big landings. So you have to be prepared.

11:24

JC: Right. Now is there anything you don't do? Do people come to you with projects and say, "We want you to do this!" and do you ever say, "No, no I'm not going to."

11:31

UE: Oh of course, of course. Some people have crazy ideas and --

11:33

(Laughter)

11:37

JC: ...a round of applause...

11:40

(Applause)

11:42

UE: Thank you very much.

11:44

(Applause)

I started with paragliding. Paragliding is taking off from mountains with a paraglider, with the possibility to fly cross-country, distance, just with the use of thermals to soar. Also different aerobatic maneuvers are possible with a paraglider.

00:20

From there I started with skydiving. In this picture you can see there is a four-way skydive, four people flying together, and on the left hand side it's the camera flier with the camera mounted to his helmet so he can film the whole jump, for the film itself and also for the judging.

00:40

From regular, relative skydiving I went on to freeflying. Freeflying is more the three-dimensional skydiving. You can see the skydiver with the red suit, he's in a stand-up position. The one with the yellow-green suit, he's flying head-down. And that's me in the background, carving around the whole formation in freefall also, with the helmet cam to film this jump.

01:08

From freeflying I went on to skysurfing. Skysurfing is skydiving with a board on the feet. You can imagine with this big surface of a skysurfing board, there is a lot of force, a lot of power. Of course I can use this power for example for nice spinning -- we call it "helicopter moves."

01:31

From there I went on to wingsuit flying. Wingsuit flying is a suit, that I can make fly, just only with my body. If I put some tension on my body, tension on my suit, I can make it fly. And as you see the fall rate is much much slower because of the bigger surface. With a proper body position I'm able to really move forward to gain quite some distance. This is a jump I did in Rio de Janeiro. You can see the Copacabana on the left-hand side.

02:07

From there with all the skills and knowledge from paragliding and all the different disciplines in skydiving, I went on to BASE jumping. BASE jumping is skydiving from fixed objects, like buildings, antennae, bridges and earth -- meaning mountains, cliffs. It's for sure -- for me -- it's the ultimate feeling of being in free fall, with all the visual references.

02:37

So my goal soon was to discover new places that nobody had jumped before. So in summer 2000 I was the first to BASE jump the Eiger North Face in Switzerland. Two years after this, I was the first to BASE jump from Matterhorn, a very famous mountain that probably everybody knows in here. 2005 I did a BASE jump from the Eiger, from the Monk and from the Jungfrau, three very famous mountains in Switzerland. The special thing on these three jumps were, I hiked them all and climbed them all in only one day. In 2008 I jumped the Eiffel Tower in Paris. (Laughter)

03:23

So with all this knowledge, I also wanted to get into stunts. So with some friends we started to do different tricks, like for example this jump here, I jumped from a paraglider. Or here -- everybody was freezing, pretty much, except me, because it was very cold in Austria where we did this filming. Everybody sitting in a basket, and I was on top of the balloon, ready to slide down with my skysurf board. Or this jump, from a moving truck on the highway. (Laughter)

04:09

Extreme sports on top level like this is only possible if you practice step by step, if you really work hard on your skills and on your knowledge. Of course you need to be in physical, very good, condition, so I'm training a lot. You need to have the best possible equipment. And probably the most important is you have to work on your mental skills, mental preparation. And all this to come as close as possible to the human dream of being able to fly.

04:47

So for 2009, I'm training hard for my two new projects. The first one, I want to set a world record in flying from a cliff with my wingsuit. And I want to set a new record, with the longest distance ever flown. For my second project, I have a sensational idea of a jump that never has been done before.

05:15

So now, on the following movie you will see that I'm much better in flying a wingsuit than speaking in English. Enjoy, and thank you very much. (Applause)

09:24

(Applause)

09:33

June Cohen: I have some questions. I think we all might have some questions. Question one: so does that actually feel the way the flying dream does? Because it looks like it might.

09:44

Ueli Gegenschatz: Pretty much. I believe this is probably the closest possibility to come to the dream of being able to fly.

09:51

JC: I know the answer to this, but how do you land?

09:54

UE: Parachute. We have to open a parachute just seconds before, I would say, impact. (Laughter) It's not possible to land a wingsuit yet.

10:07

JC: Yet. But people are trying. Are you among those -- you're not going to commit -- are you among those trying to do it?

10:12

UE: It's a dream. It's a dream. Yeah. We're still working on it and we're developing the wingsuits to get better performance, to get more knowledge. And I believe soon.

10:23

JC: All right. Well we will watch this space. But I have two more questions. What is the -- there was exhaust coming out of the back of the wingsuit. Was that a propelled wingsuit that you were wearing?

10:30

UE: Nope. It's just smoke.

10:32

JC: Coming off of you?

10:33

(Laughter)

10:34

UE: Hopefully not.

10:36

(Laughter)

10:37

JC: That seems dangerous.

10:38

UE: No, smoke is for two reasons, you can see the speed, you can see the way where I was flying. That's reason number one. And reason number two: it's much easier for the camera guy to film If I'm using smoke.

10:53

JC: Ah, I see. So the wingsuit is set up to deliberately release smoke so that you can be tracked. One more question. What do you do to to cover your face? Because I just keep thinking of going that fast and having your whole face smushed backwards. Are you in a helmet? Are you in goggles?

11:07

UE: The purest and the best feeling would be with only goggles.

11:10

JC: And is that how you usually fly?

11:13

UE: Usually I'm wearing a helmet. In the mountains I'm always wearing a helmet because of landings -- usually it's difficult -- it's not like regular skydiving where you have like the big landings. So you have to be prepared.

11:24

JC: Right. Now is there anything you don't do? Do people come to you with projects and say, "We want you to do this!" and do you ever say, "No, no I'm not going to."

11:31

UE: Oh of course, of course. Some people have crazy ideas and --

11:33

(Laughter)

11:37

JC: ...a round of applause...

11:40

(Applause)

11:42

UE: Thank you very much.

11:44

(Applause)

At the moment, climate change is the biggest risk game we are playing. There is a lot of doubt about the models which show warming of 2-4 degrees: people asking “what if we act and they are wrong”. Naomi suggests we should instead be asking “what if the models are right”. Why should we wait for perfect certainty in the modelling – we should act if there is a compelling case that we are on track for massive damage to the environment and human health. Instead the arguments have been hijacked by economists who ask bizarre questions to protect economic growth: How late can we act to minimise damage and what is the most temperature change we can accept? In doing so we are accepting a massive risk, when in truth the modelling isn’t accurate enough to perfectly answer these questions.

Risk is accepted in today’s society – we often acknowledge that taking larger risks gives more money if it pays off. Tony Hayward: BP’s former CEO had a plaque on his desk “What would you attempt to do if you knew you could not fail”. Such an attitude is good for attempting a personal achievement like a triathlon, but we should ask our business leaders to consider the possibility of failure and respond to it.

Humanity’s story is about it’s dominance over nature with technology, that we can “slap mother nature in the face”. At the same time, we have a view that the environment is limitless and it can take the damage easily. We have a master narrative that we can do no harm, and if we do then technology will save us. In response to climate change, there are often new technologies that are spruiked as the solution – for example geoengineering which sprays chemicals into the atmosphere to deflect more solar radiation and decrease temperature. These technologies are untested, but are leapt upon as a low effort solution.

We need a new narrative, with heroes being the people willing to take on risky ideas.

Olivia Tyler has been a sustainability practitioner for 17 years and her largest goal is to work herself out of a job. she finds out how people don’t know where the things they buy come from. Tyler highlights how tough the challenges that companies face when they are trying to increase sustainability across their supply chains.     

Modern American health care is defined for its high costs, high overhead and inaccessibility especially for low-income patients. What if we could redesign the system to serve the poor and still have doctors make money? Iphysician P.J. Parmar shares the story of the clinic he founded in Colorado, where he serves only resettled refugees who mostly use Medicaid, and makes the business case for a fresh take on medical service.

People question the role of charities compared to business. Business will definitely lift the standards in the developing world, but will always leave gaps – people that it can’t support. Some mentally disabled people just want compassion or love, and that can’t be monetised by a business. However, there are perceptions working against the non-profit sector that make it hard to ‘compete’ against businesses

These disadvantages add up – since 1970 only 144 charities have passed $50million revenue, compared to 46,136 for-profits.

People hold the above perceptions, and it is typified in asking “How much of a donation goes to overheads compared to ‘the cause’?” This question has some problems in it:

As examples of successful fundraising, Dan describes how $50,000 investment in an AIDs Ride resulted in $108,000,000 extra revenue for research, or $350k investment in breast cancer fundraising multiplied to $194,000,000. However, one year he netted $71 million for breast cancer research and was put immediately out of business. The media and his sponsors turned on him because 40% of his revenue was spent on overheads – in growth, customer service and recruitment.

The focus should not be on overheads, but on the scale of the operation. A company with 40% overheads netting $71,000,000 should be seen as superior to one with 5% overheads netting $71. We need to rethink how charities should work, and focus on whether they are achieving their goals rather than their investment to get there.

Thelma Golden, curator at the Studio Museum in Harlem, talks through three recent shows that explore how art examines and redefines culture. The "post-black" artists she works with are using their art to provoke a new dialogue about race and culture -- and about the meaning of art itself.

Clearly, positive risk taking, doesn’t eliminate the need for safeguarding or the duty of care that support providers must work with.  It’s about identifying the risks associated with any given activity and then assessing how that activity can be completed in a way that builds confidence and develop new skills
https://www.ted.com/talks/jared_williams_rewards_of_risk_taking_why_you_should_follow_your_passion_and_not_your_paycheck

Sulaiman Tameer runs the Kurdistan Organization for Animal Rights Protection (KOARP) in Kurdistan and he is currently based in Dohuk city, Iraq. He also teaches animal protection classes to local children and he has been really active in several animal rescue operations. His aim is to raise awareness among people about the importance of animal rights, also encouraging animal adaptation culture in the society.

Chimpanzees are not legal things. They should be treated with respect not as salves and humans are not masters of animals. Steven Wise spent the last 30 years working to change these animals' status from "things" to "persons." It's not a matter of legal semantics; as he describes in this fascinating talk, recognizing that animals like chimps have extraordinary cognitive capabilities and rethinking the way we treat them -- legally -- is no less than a moral duty.