ENGLISH PHONETICS by Ayleen Palomino

Phonetics

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 04:10:41 UTC

The branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of speech, how they are produced, transmitted and perceived. It focuses on the physical and physiological aspects of sounds.

Phonology

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 04:13:21 UTC

The part of linguistics that studies how sounds function in a language, that is, how they are organized and used to distinguish meanings.

Places of articulation

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 04:20:40 UTC

The point of articulation refers to the specific place where two or more articulators (organs involved in speech production) come together to form a constriction or closure, thus producing different speech sounds. The point of articulation plays a fundamental role in the distinction and classification of consonant sounds. Some examples are:

Bilabial: The two lips meet (example: /p/, /b/).

Labiodental: The lower lip touches the upper teeth (example: /f/, /v/).

Dental: The tongue touches the teeth (example: /θ/ in “think”).

Alveolar: The tongue touches the back of the upper teeth (example: /t/, /d/, /s/).

Velar: The back of the tongue touches the soft palate (example: /k/, /g/).

Parts

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 04:29:03 UTC

These are the parts of the phonatory apparatus involved in the production of sounds:

Lips

Teeth

Tongue (tip, dorsum, root)

Hard palate

Soft palate (velum)

Vocal cords

Glottis (space between the vocal cords).

Sounds

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 04:38:44 UTC

Voiced sounds: Sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords, such as /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/.

Unvoiced sounds (muffled): Sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords, such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, /f/.

Content

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 04:46:28 UTC

Words that have their own lexical meaning and provide information in the sentence, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Examples: “house”, “run”.

Function word

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 04:56:02 UTC

Words that have no lexical meaning by themselves, but serve to connect or structure sentences, such as prepositions, articles, pronouns and conjunctions.

Examples: “and” (and), “the” (the).

Falling Intonation

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 05:01:45 UTC

A type of intonation where the voice drops at the end of a sentence. It is used to affirm, give orders or ask questions that expect an affirmative answer.

Examples:

“I am going home.”

“Close the door.”

Raising Intonation

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 05:06:19 UTC

It is an intonation where the voice rises at the end of the sentence. It is used for questions, to express doubt or surprise.

Examples:

“Are you coming?”

“Is it raining?”

Task 1

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 05:14:04 UTC

Task 3

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 05:18:18 UTC

Task 4

palominoaylin157_ — 2025-05-23 05:19:59 UTC