1. extra - the crowd, people who are made film's background atmosphere.

2. a western - a genre of film which is set in American West states and it is usually about the themes of revenge and justice.

3. sequel - is a continuation of another film, it has common characters, plot elements and so on.

4. a rom-com - a film is about romantic relationship which is delivered ideas through comedy.

5. to play the part of someone - to act of the some character in films.

6. cast - a group of people who play in the film.

7. a thriller - a genre of film which is make people excited throght solving a crime.

8. a dozen times - a lot of times.

9. epics - a genre of film which is usually focused in heroic character.

10. two-dimensional - having two dimension such as lenght and width.

Sentences

1. In the Great Britian the cost of extra is more expensive than Eastern Europe.

2. The western film reached popularity in the early and middle decades of 20th century.

3. The avengers is the most famous sequel film for Central Asia.

4. In recent times, Kazakh film industry shots a lot of rom-com films such as "Келінжан", "Таптым ау сені", "Родной 2" and so on.

5. Emma Watson played the part of Hermoine Grenger in Harry Potter.

6. I think the cast of any film influenced to the popularity of film as well as its plot.

7. I didn't use to like thrillers, however now I love watch them at the weekends.

8. I dozen times tried to understand organic chemistry, unfortunately I couldn't do it.

9. The Lord of the rings is considred as the first-rate epics.

10. Directors of film can use digitilized two-dimensional extra instead of people.

The passive voice is used:

• when we talk about an action but are not so interested in who or what does/did the action.

• when the subject or performer is unknown or unimportant.

Exercise 1

1. When people are arrested (arrest), they will be taken to (take) to the police station.

2. Milk is usually kept (usually / keep) in the fridge.

3. How did people communicate over long distances before the phone was invented (invent)?

4. Was Aidan's bike found (Aidan’s bike / find) yesterday?

   
   

   
   

   Exercise 2

   1. I think John has taken my jacket. I think my jacket has been taken by John.

   2. You should cook the chicken for at least an hour.

      The chicken should be cooked for at least an hour.

   3. They’re showing that film at the cinema in town.

      That film is being shown at the cinema in town.

   4. They hadn’t invented digital cameras when we took that photo.

      Digital cameras hadn't been invented when that photo was taken.

   5. When I got there, Carly was doing the ironing, so I didn’t have to do it!

      When I got there, the ironing was being doing by Carly, so I didn’t have to do it!

   6. They were using hot soapy water to wash all the cars. All the cars were being used hot soapy water.

recourse:

https://english-exercises.net/english-grammar-exercises-for-b1-the-passive-1-exercise/

1. nostril - two openings of nose where air goes into it by breathing.

2. wrist - the part of body which connects arm and hand.

3. lungs - the important part of body reponsible for respitratory system, it is located in the chest.

4. thigh - the human part between hip and knee.

5. calf - the back part of shin.

6. frowning - facial expression when you put your eyebrows together that shows you are annoyed or thinking hard.

7. squinting - is when wou close eyes partly, not fully.

8. temple - the side of head behind eyes.

9. splun - inner human organ which is responsible for blood circulation.

10. sole - the bottom part of foot.

Sentences

1. When you get a cold, your nostrils will be stuffed up.

2. Annie broke her wrist accidentally while she was playing tennis.

3. The smoking has a great bad effect on our lungs.

4. His thighs ached after skiing yesterday.

5. Human all muscels including calf, shin are helped to keep equality while we are walking.

6. I notice my mom's annoyance by her frowning.

7. You should stop squinting. it is better to wear your glasses.

8. I you feel pain in your temple, you have a tension headache.

9. Splun is the smallest human organ, but without it no doubt we will die.

10. The soles of his foot stained as if he was walking without wearing shoes.

might - when you think something is possibly true.

can't - when you are sure something is impossible or not true.

must - when you are sure something is true.

Exercise 1

1. She isn't answering the phone. She must be out.

2. They can't be Spanish, they're speaking Portuguese.

3. He might have a job interview today - he's waiting to hear from the company.

4. He drives an expensive car. He must have a good job.

5. It's too early to have finished the exam. He can't have finished.

6. Sara's very busy. She might not be able to come tonight.

resource: https://elt.oup.com/student/result/engint/a_grammar/unit07/7c_1?cc=kz&selLanguage=en

1. nursery - place where young children are taken care while their parents are at work.

2. be expelled - to force someone to leave university because of misbehaving or other serious reasons.

3. school principal - headmaster of a school.

4. undergraduate - student who is still studying at college or university.

5. postgraduate - student who finished master degree or PHD.

6. freshman - the 1st year student

7. sophomore - the 2nd student

8. junior - the third year student

9. senior - the forth year student

10. major - your specific occasion.

Sentences

1. The nursery is best convenient and the safest option for children, there they start to learn communicate with other people.

2. When I was 11th grade, one boy from my class was expelled because of showing disrespectfullness to teachers.

3. It is thought that to be school principal is easy than being ordinary teacher, in fact, many people don't know about how many documents he should do and how many people he is responsible for.

4. He is an undergraduate at the university, now, he is studying at computer science majority.

5. I dream about my postgarduate would be in Jesong University in Korea.

6. When I was freshman, I was used to be anxious even small quizizess.

7. I am a sophomore student of SDU.

8. Most juniors usually start their career path as volunteer-worker.

9. Seniors often advise to pay attention GPA in your 1-2 years.

10. My major is two foreign language, it means that I am ging to be English and Korean teacher.

We use firts conditional sentences to talk about a possible or probable future situations and its consequences.

Formula: "If clause + present simple, will/won't + infinitive"

resource: https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/first-versus-second-conditional-3

1. attic - a space or room under the roof.

2. chimney - the part of house which allows smoke to go up from inside.

3. ground floor - the level of building that is on ground.

4. patio - terrace

5. fireplace - a space in wall where fire burn in.

6. ceiling - a top part of room.

7. spacious - large and having a lot of space.

8. basement - the room which is located in below.

9. bills - request paper that you should pay for services.

10. the outskirts -areas which is dependent on city.

    Sentences

    1. My grandmother used to keep all her old belongings in attic of house.

    2. Young children still think that Santa comes and left his gift through their house's chimney.

    3. The kitchen, living room and bathroom is located his ground floor.

    4. I want to have outdoor patio for fair weather.

    5. In Christmas, they decorated fireplace with red and dark green socks.

    6. Her room's ceiling color is bright grey, I think it is not suitable for overall design.

    7. People usually use basement in order to safe space.

    8. When I am at home, I do not care about how much is diary month's bill and who is paying to it.

    9. Minimalistic design is usually used to make room spacious by using neutral colour.

    10. He lives on the outskirts of Astana, about 13-15 kilometres away from city.

We use the second conditional to talk about a hypothetical or imaginary present or future situation and its consequences.

Formula: "If clause + past simple, would/ wouldn't + infinitive"

resource:

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/b1-b2-grammar/conditionals-zero-first-second

1. to apply for - to make formal application to get work.

2. to get promoted - to raise more important position.

3. to resign - the act of telling to your employer that you leave job voluntarily.

4. to run - to manage.

5. to be made redundant - you leave job because of your company need to reduce workforce.

6. to be sacked - to remove someone from job, employer make it.

7. to work shifts - to work in turns, at different times, at different places.

8. CV - curriculum vitae

9. freelance - self-employed, someone who can work different orfanization based on his desire, time. He does not belong to anyone.

10. to be in charge of smth - to manage.

Examples:

1. John is studying engineering at the best university in the world, he lands the job quickly as soon as he he applies for it.

2. He was qualified for the job and he demonstrated his responsibility by working overtime. And then he got promoted.

3. Sarah decided to pursue her master's degree abroad. He resigned from her currently job as a designer.

4. Running a business is challenging; it requires hard work, staying informed about recent developments in your industry, strategic thinking, and effective employee management.

5. In Kazakhstan new technologies are replacing both physical and intelectual labor. It's likely that more workers will be made redundant.

6. One of the advantages of being a freelancer is that anyone can't be sacked you.

7. My mother is a doctor at local hospital, sometimes she has to work shifts even though there is special family events.

8. Nick did not write about her best qualities on her CV.

9. Freelancing can be a great choice if you dislike being told what to do, working under strict deadlines, and relying solely on a fixed salary.

10. He had a dream about owning coffee shop since his childhood. Now he is in charge of his own coffee shops in Dublin and striving to improve them.

[English File Intermediate 4th edition, Students book]

Short explanation

We use repoted speech to report what someone said.

If we use reprting verbs such as said or told, the tenses change:

present - past

will - would

past simple - past perfect

1. trolley - a large metal basket with wheels, it is often used in supermarkets for transportation.

2. a receipt - a piece of paper that mark as paid when you buy something.

3. a refund - paying back when customer does not satisfied with good adter buying it.

4. a discount - a deduction from usual cost of something.

5. a bargain - something on sale.

6. a chain store - a groups of shops belong to single company, they have similiar product, similiar appearance. eg, magnum, kitapal.

7. put on a shirt - to wear something.

8. try on a shirt - to wear something at the shop.

9. compensation - money that is paid to someone in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged.

10. complaint - a statement that is about unsatisfactory or unaccepatable.

Example

1. Today, instead of just grabbing a basket at the store entrance, I needed a lot of things, so I'm pushing a trolley around.

2. Yesterday, I forgot taking some change with my receipt at cosmetics store.

3. He wasn't happy with hiw new trousers, so he asked for a refund.

4. They discount 5% for the cash payment.

5. The leather jacket is only 13 thousand tenge. What a bargain!

6. Qazaq Republic has multiple chain stores in shopping centres throughout Kazakhstan.

7. My mom told me to put on my coat, because it was cold outside.

8. I always try on clothes before I buy it.

9. The foreign company offered a good compensation for people who had damaged new vacuum cleaner.

10. Making a complaint does now show your agression, it is normal to do it if you do not satisfied with product.

We use gerund:

• after certain verbs and expressions

• after prepositions and phrasal verbs

• as a subject of the sentence.

We use infitive:

• after adjectives

• to express a reason or purpose

• after certain berbs and expressions.

recourse:

https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/verb-infinitive-or-verb-gerund

http://www.english-practice.at/b1/grammar/reported-speech/rs002.pdf

My own 5 sentences in reported speech

1. Zhanel said yesterday that she woulf come shopping with me.

2. I asked my mom what she wanted for her birthday.

3. He asked me when I had lost my wallet.

4. The teacher said that our exam marks in this term were a big improvement on last term.

5. My roommate told me that her greatest achievement had been winning an essay competetion.

We use third conditional sentences to talk about hypothetical/imaginary situations in the past.

Formula: "If clause + Past Perfect, would have V3"

recourse

(English File third edition, WorkBook, Intermediate level, 60 page)

1. inspector - someone whose job is to inspect something.

2. to reveal - make known something to others.

3. optimistic - who always in positive attitude about future.

4. attitude - a way of something or feeling about something.

5. to spot - to notice something.

6. comfortable - adjective to describe something which is convenient.

7. patience - quality of waiting something or in spite of difficulties continue their works.

8. hopeless - having to expectations to future or future events.

9. unfortunately - used to say something happened is bad or disappointed, having bad affects.

10. fortunately - used to say something happened good, in good manner.

Sentences:

1. The inspector in that film tried to predict meticulously every detail of kidnapping crime.

2. They revealed the arguments of next debate competetion.

3. Most optimistic people can find the positive sides of every moments.

4. My appreciate teachers' open-minded attitude towards to new innovations, methods and approaches.

5. He spotted his mother's wrinkle in her face.

6. The new building of our company was built with comfortable coo-working place and light rooms.

7. I do dot have any patience to wait in line for hours to get a ticket.

8. It is important to not be hopeless in difficult times, just take it all things easy and live here and now.

9. Unfortunately, the volunteers cannot give any help to Palestine because of the international boundary legislations.

10. Last week I missed my exam due to my health problems, fortunately, my teacher let me pass exam on Tuesday.

1. an adaptor - a device which is used to connect two technologies to each other.

2. a memory stick - a small device that allows you to store and copy information from the computer.

3. a plug - a device which is used to connect the main equipment to electricity.

4. a remote control - to managing technological device by distance.

5. a router - a device which connects more than three networks.

6. a socket - a device in a wall where you pug your device to electricity

7. to update - to make something more modern.

8. to install - to set up new apps to your mobile device for use.

9. to set up - the process of installing some apps to your computter storage.

10. software - the programs in a computer.

    
    

    Sentences:

    1. I use his adaptor to connect my phone to his laptop.

    2. I've got the presentation on a memory stick, so I do not have to take my laptop to international meeting.

    3. It is dangerous to take the plug with wet hands.

    4. The TV's remote control is convenvenient whenever you can can use it to change to other chanels.

    5. He had already connected the router to the network.

    6. You cannot use European plugs in the Kazakhstan if you haven/t hot the a socket.

    7. Yesterday I updated the Instagram to get the latest version and latest new functions.

    8. I think everyone has installed many apps that they never used.

    9. The waiting the setting up is irratable when the internet connection works slowly.

    10. Dias the IT specilist who makes the code of new softare programs.

    
    

1. detectives - police officers who investigates the crime by payin attention to meticulious things .

2. evidence - the facts or things which is prove to commting suicide or any crime.

3. to prove - to find the correct answer or correct people who commits a crime.

4. victims - people who are suffered during the crime.

5. suspects- people who are had a feeling to doing some bad things.

6. witnesses - people are third people who see the the crime events.

7. to ruin - the synonym of this word is damage, make physical harms.

8. to solve - to find out true solution of the problem.

9. murder - to kill someone by intentionally.

10. murderer - a person who murder someone.

Sentences:

1. The detective who had graduated at New York university are investigating the crime in our town.

2. Despite facing numerous obstacles, the detective is trying to solve the mystery by looking for more evidences.

3. In most cases it is difficult to prove the frauders without any video record evidences.

4. She was victim of horrivle stalker and stalker followed victim everywhere she went, watching her and sending her sonstant messages on the Internet.

5. The main suspects are the woman's husband and her sister, because they told the lie where they was on the time of her death.

6. Witnesses told the court what they had seen yesterday evening.

7. The recent flood in Kazakhstaan does not only destroy the buildings, but also ruins whole city infrastructure.

8. I used to suffer to solve tasks in physics lesson.

9. The murderer was arrested and taken to a police station.

10. Finally they were accused of murder of woman in Kaskelen.

    
    

1. influential - adjective which is used when something have a great influence on something.

2. icons - very famous person in the specific sphere.

3. to devastate - causing great damgae on something.

4. cycle lane - specific road to cycling in big roads.

5. sensuous - expressing more senses, synonym pleasurable.

6. a child prodigy - talent who is recognized in his early ages.

7. top floor - the highest floor of building.

8. rush hour - time of traffic

9. science fiction - a genre which is about futuristic concepts and developments in science.

10. training course - a series of lessons where learners can get specific knowledge in particular sphere.

Sentences:

1. BTS is considered one of the most influential artists on K-Pop industry and Korea itself.

2. I think Alikhan Bokeykhanov is a great icon in the enlightment of kazakh nation and revolutionary movemnets in 1910-1920's years.

3. The flood has left completely by devastating all buildings and citizen's houses.

4. Cyclists should use the cycle lane to keep away from traffic.

5. I am sensuous person, I am not shu to express my any feelings.

6. Mozart is a great example of child prodigy, he started his career in music at his 3 age.

7. They live on the top floor, so they've got a great view over the city.

8. Unfortunately, all the drivers are slowing down because there is a rush hour.

9. I quite like fantasy films, but my favourite genre is science fiction.

10. My brither has gone a training course to learn about health and safety.

1. We use a lot of, lots of, loads of shows large amount in "+" sentences.

2. We use much/many show large amount in "-" or "?" sentences.

3. plenty of is used in "+" sentences, means more than enough

4. little + uncountable noun

   few + plural countable nouns

   a little, a few =some, but not a lot

   very little, very few = not much/many

recourse:

[English File, Workbook, third edition, Intermediate level, page 65]

We use a defining relative clause to give essential information about person, thing, place and etc.

We use a non-defining relative clause to give extra or non-essential information about person, thing, place, and so on.

who/that- person

what/which/that - thing

where - place

whose - 'of who' or 'of which'

recourse:

[English File, Workbook, Thrid edition, Intermediate level, page 68]

We use questions tags to check something we already think is true.

Positive statement followed by negative tag.

It's cold, isn't it?

They live in Shymkent, aren't they?

Negative statement folllowed by positive tag.

You won't tell anyoune, will you?

Luna doesn't drive, does she?

recourse:

[English File, Workbook, third edition, Intermediate level, page 72 ]