https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/dc99z6e6csz5 FRQ 4 en-us 2018-03-06 12:22:29 UTC 2018-03-09 01:09:04 UTC hello@padlet.com shoetzlein https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/dc99z6e6csz5/wish/239977187  Hiring or promotion based on merit/experience/qualifications • Hiring based on testing ]]> 2018-03-09 01:07:40 UTC https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/dc99z6e6csz5/wish/239977187 shoetzlein https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/dc99z6e6csz5/wish/239977238  • Structure of the bureaucracy o Large o Specialized units/expertise o Tenure protections/hard to fire o Based on merit o Independent agencies/independent regulatory commissions • Complexity of public policy problems o Specialized units/expertise o Delegated authority — because Congress and the president cannot handle everything, they delegate authority to the bureaucracy o Discretionary authority — because legislation lacks details, the bureaucracy can fill in the gaps ]]> 2018-03-09 01:07:56 UTC https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/dc99z6e6csz5/wish/239977238 shoetzlein https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/dc99z6e6csz5/wish/239977416  Congress o Appropriations — can reward or punish agency o Legislation — can pass legislation affecting the bureaucracy o Rejection of presidential appointments to the bureaucracy o Impeachment of executive officials • Courts o Court rulings that limit bureaucratic practices o Judicial review — can declare bureaucratic actions unconstitutional o Injunctions against federal agencies 
 Interest groups o Use of the First Amendment  Lobbying  Protests  Media usage  Speech o Litigation ]]> 2018-03-09 01:08:41 UTC https://padlet.com/shoetzlein/dc99z6e6csz5/wish/239977416