• Large, giant breeds dogs

• Excercise intolerance, "bunny hopping"

Diagnostics:

• Physical exam: Ortolani sign

• Radiographs: PennHIP gold standard

Treatment:

• Medical: NSAIDs, weight loss, joint supplements (75% of young dogs have adequate function if treated conservately)

• Surgical:

  Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis if < 18 w only

  Double or triple pelvic osteotomy if < 8-10 m

  Femoral head ostectomy if <70 lbs

  Total hip replacement if ≥ 4 y

  
  

Ischemic injury to the capital eepiphisis that leads to colapse or the femoral head.

The bone will regrow but weaker.

- Genetic component with small breeds predisposition: Manchester terrier, yorkshire terrier and poodle.

10-20% are bilateral, but de mayority are unilateral.

Treatment:

-       Medical: NSAID’s (only work in 25% of cases)

-       Surgical:  Femoral head ostectomy or in some cases hip replacement

As they are small breed dogs they’ll learn non weight bearing lamnes so phisical therapy is important

• Dx: Cranial drawer test and tibial compression test

• +/- medial butress (inflamation in medial aspect of the stifle)

  Rx: articular effusion (Red arrow), distension of the caudal joint caudally (Blue arrow).

• Tx: NSAIDs,rest or surgical (TPLO, TTA) the goal Is to stabilize the joint NOT repair the ligament.

Miniature dogs, yorkie, schnauzer

Dx:4 grades; 1 esporadic and back to normal position, 2 back and forth from normal to luxated position PAIN, 3 luxates but can be manually replaced, 4 luxates cant be mannualy replaced

Tx: medical: nsaids, rest, physiotherapy strenghten quads

       Surgical: TIBIAL CREST TRANSPOSITION

       soft tissue repair, and bone abnormalities

Non inflamatory, non infectious, irreversible

Dx: XR: Stiffle effusion, decrease range of motion

Tx: nsaids, pain, weight loss, joint meds

DX: XR: increased intramedular opacity

TX: pain management

SX; Swollen distal limb metaphyseal pain

DX: XR: double physeal line

TX: pain management

SX: Decreased range of motion

DX: XR:  stiffle effusion

TX: surgical debridement, joint medications, pain management