IMPORTANT KEYWORDS CHAPTER 1 - CHAPTER 3 by nora https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs Write 3 important keywords for each students en-us 2020-11-12 05:23:33 UTC 2020-11-17 16:04:53 UTC hello@padlet.com p nora noraaini https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/915756153 Please write your keywords here]]> 2020-11-12 09:35:09 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/915756153 NUR SABRINA JUNOH (S56414) nursabrina9841 https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/915840790 MEMBRANE 
  • A region of discontinuity interposed between two phases.
  • GREEN because can recover, NO phase change, NO chemical involves.
  • Particle can pass through called permeate, the reject particle called retentate.

Asymmetric are far better than microporous because have support layer and  another very thin layer as separation zone.

Polymers are large molecul that  made up from repeated subunits.

Two type of polymers
 1. Thermoplastic
  • no cross linking
  • can be melted repeatedly
2. Thermosets
  • has cross linking (covalent bond)
  • once shape, cannot melted anymore


]]> 2020-11-12 10:10:09 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/915840790 Amirul Asyraf Bin Zakaria S56896 s568961 https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/915842228 Chapter 1: 
1. Separation technique are divided into two classes in mixtures which are solid and liquid. 
2. A membrane can control something to go in or out.
 
Chapter 2: 
1. Pervaporation which are created by Kober and coworkers is implemented in major applications after adjustment in 2000's. 
2. A membrane can be grouped into two type and they are depth and screen.
 
Chapter 3: 
1. A membrane can be identified by two properties which are natural membrane or synthetic membrane. 
2. A polymer is made up of many part.]]> 2020-11-12 10:10:46 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/915842228 MUHAMMAD ANAS AIMAN BIN ABDUL GHANI (S55197) https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916192670 CHAPTER 1
Offer - Membrane is physical separation and also less foot print. It also need low energy solutions.
Pressure Driven Membrane - There are many types such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. They works in different process.

CHAPTER 2
Microporous - Isotropic is pores of uniform size throughout body membrane. Anisotropic pores change size from one to others.
Asymmetric - Much better because have thin layer and another supporting layer to support porous layer.

CHAPTER 3
Monomers - A long molecule made from a lots of small molecules.
Saturated Hydrocarbons - Where each carbon bonded to four other atoms. ]]> 2020-11-12 12:52:00 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916192670 Nurul fasihah bt mohd Asri (s56547) shaseha97 https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916277146 chapter 1
- membrane filtration can separates particulate suspension up to angstrom size particles while conventional filtration is limits to micron size particle (1-10 micronmeter)
- there are two streams in membrane processes which are permeate (portion passes through) and retentate (rejected materials)

chapter 2
- 1748's was the starting point of membrane history, Abbe Jean was coin the word osmosis. the breakthrough of membrane development is on 1960's. asymmetry membrane by Leob Sourirajan.

chapter 3
- membrane can be classified by material and morphology. classification by material: biological/ natural membrane and synthetic membrane. by morphology: isotropic and anisotropic
- macromolecules, long chain and chain entangled are properties that makes polymer unique and also the glass temperature and melting temperature.

]]> 2020-11-12 13:19:13 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916277146 NURUL SYAHIRAH BINTI AZMAN (S56045) https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916357593 CHAPTER 1
Green – Membrane is a selective mechanisms that environmentally friendly - using mild chemical, low pressure and temperature and no phase change.
Membrane – physical barrier that separate two phase and allow selective species to pass through.

CHAPTER 2
Asymmetric membrane – the breakthrough of membrane development that produce by Loeb and Sourirajan in 1960.

CHAPTER 3
Polymer - consist of repeating chain of monomer that binds to other monomers through polymerization process.
Thermoplastic – weak attractive forces between chains can easily be broken, it can be moulded into different shape.

]]> 2020-11-12 13:40:33 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916357593 AZRUL NAZIF B. ADNAN https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916471706 Chapter 1:
-Gas separation is a process that separate the gas mixture through a membrane at an elevated pressure.
-It use partially permeable membranes that allow fast gases to pass through and be removed, the slow gases will remain in the air stream without the original contaminants.

Chapter 2:
-Asymmetric membrane also called as Anistropic membrane that contain 2 layer which is thin (0.1-1.0 micron) and thick layer (100-200 micron).
-The thin layer act as a separator that separate the mixture and it depend on the material and the pore size of the membrane.
- The advantages of asymmetric membrane is, it has higher fluxes compared to microporous membrane.

Chapter 3:
Addition Polymerization
-Monomers must have either a double bond or triple bond
- Produces no by-product

Condensation Polymerization
-Monomers must have 2 similar or different functional group
-By-products such as ammonia, water and HCI are produced 

]]> 2020-11-12 14:05:56 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/916471706 Ahmad Fathi bin Ahmad Muzakir S56888 https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/917193595 Chapter 1
1. Membrane - a physical barrier that is permeable to some species present in one of the stream.

2. Membrane process - there are four (4) types of driven membrane that are pressure, chemical concentration, thermal and electrical driven membrane.

Chapter 2
1. Development of membrane - 1748 introduced by Abbe Nolet, semi permeability for the first time.

2. Classification of filter - show the different between symmetric and asymmetric membrane in the screen filter types.

Chapter 3
1. Classification by material - emphasizing on synthetic membrane that consist organic membrane (polymeric & liquid) and inorganic membrane (ceramic & metal).

2. Polymer - one of the organic material that used for membrane. Monomer is molecule that form the basis unit for polymer. Polymerization process that is the binding of monomer to other monomer to form repeating chain molecules.]]> 2020-11-12 16:25:09 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/917193595 NUR ATHIRAH AZMAN S56568 https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/919478110 CHAPTER 1
 
Membrane - semi-permeable barrier that separate 2 different state of matter (liquid and solid) by external driving force.
 
Driving force - 4 driving forces: 
  • Pressure driven (RO,NF,MF, etc)
  • Thermal driven (membrane distillation)
  • Osmotic driven (forward osmosis)
  • Charge driven (electrodialysis)
 
CHAPTER 2
 
Membrane development - artificial kidney (Kolff, 1944), bacterial culturing (german scientists, 1945)
 
Asymmetric - consists of two part; a thin skin on the surface with supporting layer. (better than microporous membrane)
 
CHAPTER 3
 
Inorganic membrane- advantage: high thermal stability, high chemical stability (good corrosion resistance), long lifetime. Disadvantage: high capital cost, brittleness, complex method preparation.
 
Linear Polymer:- obtained by simply adding monomers together
Copolymer:- Polymer which is obtained by different types of monomers.
]]> 2020-11-13 08:04:32 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/919478110 ARIF FIKRI MUHAMMAD S54312 https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/923806690 CHAPTER 1
- Membrane is a physical barrier that is permeable to some species present in one of the streams.
-A membrane is nothing more than a discrete, thin interface that moderates the permeation of chemical species in contact with it.
- Different with normal filters, filter usually limited to structures that separate particulate suspensions larger than 1 to 10 micrometer.

Membrane Separations are:
1. Pressure driven (microfiltration)
2. Thermal driven (membrane distillation)
3. Osmotic driven (forward osmosis)
4. Charge driven (electrodialysis)

CHAPTER 2
Homogeneous membrane
are dense membrane through which molecules pass by pressure, concentration or electrical potential gradient.
these membranes are used to separate the chemical species of similar size and diffusivity when their concentration difference significant.
Micro-porous membrane
These membranes are usually made up materials like ceramics, graphite, metal oxides and polymers.
The pore size of these membranes varies from 1 mm to 20 microns.

CHAPTER 3
Crosslinked polymers
Carried out during polymerization or by a non reversible reaction after synthesis
Materials often behave very differently from linear polymers
Network polymers
Polymers that are trifunctional instead of bifunctional
There are three points on the polymer that can react]]> 2020-11-15 06:30:37 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/923806690 https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/923850751 2020-11-15 06:56:54 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/923850751 NURSYAWANI BINTI MAZUKI (S47387) https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/928107162 Chapter 1:
1. Separation techniques are one of the main introduction that refer to technology membrane.
2.There are 7 types of separation techniques that acquired in this chapter
3.Membrane is act like barrier to separate two different things.
4. Types of membrane systems

Chapter 2 :
1. Chronology of membrane technology
2. Membrane breakthrough
3. Classification of membrane would be in 3 part ;
- homogeneous or heterogeneous
- symmetric or asymmetric
- solid or liquid in structure
4. Driving forces of membrane processes

Chapter 3:
A. Membrane materials
1.  Differences between organic and inorganic membrane
2. Types of inorganic membrane

B. Polymers
1. Definition
2. Classification of polymers
- thermoset
- thermoplastic
- elastomers
- thermoplastic elastomers
3. Polymers main structure
- linear polymers
- branches polymers
- crosslinked polymers
- network polymers
4. Unique of polymers
- long chain
- macromolecules
- get entangled

]]> 2020-11-16 16:59:28 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/928107162 Nurul Izzah Binti Daud https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/930430078 S56533
CHAPTER 1
1)separation-to separate (2different matter which is solid and liquid) & to purify
2)two type of separation ;
-  solid in liquid mixture
-  liquid in liquid mixture
3)function of separation :
 -  to obtain pure substance
 -  to remove unwanted particle
  - to identify what to be separate from mixture
4)membrane benefits-support green approach of technlogy

CHAPTER 2
1)1962-Loeb & Sourirajan success (this is the most functional breakthrough from)
2)1748-First word osmosis which is semi-permiability .(French and Abbe Nolet)
3)Classification of membrane ;
  -morphology
  -membrane process due to driving forces
4)homogenous vs heterogenous

CHAPTER 3
1)Organic and inorganic membrane
2)Classifaction of polymer;
 -thermoset
 -elastomer
 -thermoplastic
-thermoplastc elastomer
3)Polymer families:
 -polyester
 -polyetis
 -natural polymer (sellulose,rubber)
4)Polymer structure:
 -linear polymer
 -branches polymer
 -crosslink polymer
-network polymer

]]> 2020-11-17 06:43:44 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/930430078 (S56151) Muhamad Farezwan Bin Mohd Fairull https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/932401045 Chapter 1
Sedimentation- a process that allow suspended particle to settle by
gravity.
Centrifugation- separation process that use centrifugate force to separate
dense particles away from the center. As example, it's been use by doctor to
separate blood and plasma.

Chapter 2
Isotropic- Object/material that have identical physical property in
all direction such as glass and metal.
Anisotropic- it is opposite from isotropic which is it has different
physical properties in different direction such as wood.

Chapter 3
 Linear polymer- Is a single
continuous chain of carbon-carbon bonds.it is very flexible and has high
melting point.
Inorganic membrane- made of carbon,
metal and ceramic. It has high thermal and chemical stability.

]]> 2020-11-17 16:04:15 UTC https://padlet.com/noraaini/dbhgacioos6b0vgs/wish/932401045