https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec Storyboard en-us 2018-10-04 22:40:59 UTC 2018-10-19 15:56:54 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Folder.png mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289412406 I am researching the serial killer Andrei Chikatilo to analyze how criminal profiling and victimology was used in apprehending him. As a result, I want my readers to understand the value of profiling and victimology as shown by the Andrei Chikatilo case which shows the consequences of not having the expertise and the benefits of developing it.]]> 2018-10-04 22:43:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289412406 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289412878 In order to keep up with criminals, law enforcement needs to utilize tools like criminal profiling and victimology, develop new techniques that could be paired with other scientific methods, and train law enforcement to understand and employ these new mechanisms.]]> 2018-10-04 22:47:29 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289412878 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289425621 Had criminal profiling been available throughout the investigation they could have narrowed down the culprit and at least three people wouldn't have committed suicide because of being wrongfully accused by police. ]]> 2018-10-05 00:27:16 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289425621 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289426802 Why criminal profiling can help]]> 2018-10-05 00:37:01 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289426802 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289426962 how victimology can help]]> 2018-10-05 00:38:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289426962 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427412 While a criminal profiler can give an accurate profile, a veteran officer can create accurate profiles as well.
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Criminal profiling can be defined many ways but, all definitions suggest a process whereby law enforcement personnel make judgments about another, relative to possible criminal activity, based on a number of overt and subtle factors which may or may not include such things as the person’s race, national origin, manner of dress and grooming, behavioral characteristics, when and where the observation is made, the circumstances under which the observation is made, and relative to information the officer/investigator may already possess. (p. 15)


APA (American Psychological Assoc.)
Fredrickson, D. D., & Siljander, R. P. (2002). Racial Profiling : Eliminating the Confusion Between Racial and Criminal Profiling and Clarifying What Constitutes Unfair Discrimination and Persecution. Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas.]]> 2018-10-05 00:40:53 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427412 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427433 What makes an offender commit a crime? Understanding the factors that go into a criminal act explains a lot about a offender. A rapest is most likely seeking a power dinamic. A serial killer is usually looking to satisfy some urge.
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Some more modern theorists have posited that that a decision to commit a crime is a personal decision based on information available at the time the decision is being made. Traditional rational choice theorists would argue then that criminal action is either an offense-specific factor or an offender-specific factor, or a combination of both. Routine activities theory (Cohen and Felson 1979) suggests that crime will occur when three separate elements converge in time and space (motivated offender, suitable target, and lack of a capable guardian). The actual decision whether to commit the act within the framework of routine activities theory (RAT) represents a combination of the offense-specific and offender-specific factors. Alternatively, situational choice theory (Cornish and Clarke 1987) looks to develop a greater understanding of crime through a careful analysis of physical, structural, and social environments conducive to criminal events. In this way, the focus is on offense-specific factors that ultimately lead to crime events.

Analysis of these conceptual foundations applies to the field of criminal profiling in that understanding fundamental differences between offense-specific factors speaks to one’s likelihood of getting caught given the situational considerations of the action, while offender-specific factors address whether or not one has the ability (mental or physical) to commit the act, as well as to what degree that knowledge can be used to reconstruct the mental calculus that an offender employs when deciding to commit a criminal act.

An alternative approach to classical theory is positivist determinism, which in essence argues that one’s behavior is determined by forces outside one’s control, and those forces can be explained from different disciplines within the sciences, including biology, psychology, and sociology. Those issues are explored below to provide further guidance on what causes certain behaviors. (p. 20-21)
APA (American Psychological Assoc.)
Barrow, L. M., & Rufo, R. A. (2014). Police and Profiling in the United States : Applying Theory to Criminal Investigations. Boca Raton: CRC Press.]]> 2018-10-05 00:41:04 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427433 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427457 A modus operandi is something that becomes a signature in the criminal acts. By understanding this, we can track the signature and understand more about the offender.
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Criminal profiling is possible because criminals tend to establish a modus operandi, or M.O. Modus operandi,a Latin term meaning amanner of operating, is defined by investigators as the distinctive features of the manner in which a criminal perpetrates his or her offenses, and it is the distinctive features that represent a pattern of criminal behavior resulting in what is referred to an M.O. Hence, an M.O. creates a profile reflecting a method of criminal behavior sufficiently distinctive that investigators are able to deduce that the same person or group committed two or more crimes. It is also M.O. that enables police to identify criminal suspects.(p. 18)

Fredrickson, D. D., & Siljander, R. P. (2002). Racial Profiling : Eliminating the Confusion Between Racial and Criminal Profiling and Clarifying What Constitutes Unfair Discrimination and Persecution. Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas.]]> 2018-10-05 00:41:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427457 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427511 In 1958, Marvin Wolfgang began examining the relationship between victims and offenders in homicide incidents and introduced the term victim precipitation to reflect those incidents in which the victim played an active role in the outcome. The term victim precipitation has been defined and used in various ways since it was first introduced, and some of those definitions and applications have raised a great deal of controversy in terms of understanding and characterizing the victim’s role. Although often criticized as victim blaming, the consideration of victim involvement in violence remains an important research direction (p. 1005).
APA (American Psychological Assoc.)
Fisher, P. B. S. (Sue) S., & Lab, D. S. P. P. (2010). Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.]]> 2018-10-05 00:41:37 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427511 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427531 One of the difficulties is that desentangling what Fattah (1989) has called 'humanistic victimology' from 'scientific victimology'. In making this distinction Fattah is attempting to explicate what he considers to be the uncomfortable relationship between the activist and the academic in their concern for the victim of crime. The connections between academic thinking and activist concerns cannot, however, be disentangled simply because that is seen to be a preferable state of affairs (p.8).
Mawby, Rob. Walklate, Sandra. (1994). Critical Victimology: International perspective. London: SAGE.]]> 2018-10-05 00:41:46 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427531 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427566 In particular, Wolfgang found that male victims were more likely to have precipitated their own victimization and that homicides between family members or intimates were more likely to involve victim precipitation. These results have several implications for understanding the use of violence in intimate relationships. A recent study examining victim precipitation and intimate homicide examined whether victim precipitation was better accounted for by gender or the nature of the relationship between the parties. Using varying definitions of precipitation, including self-defense and the primary physical aggressor (i.e., the first to use physical violence or brandish a weapon), results found that incidents in which females kill males are much more likely to involve victim precipitation compared with those in which males kill females, regardless of the nature of their relationship. Referred to as a gender-differences model of victim precipitation, the researchers argued that victim-precipitated homicides are most likely when the offender is female because women are generally less violent than men and thus require more motivation (provided by victim precipitation) to commit homicide. As such, it is the gender of the offender and not the relationship between the two that is important (p. 1007).
APA (American Psychological Assoc.)
Fisher, P. B. S. (Sue) S., & Lab, D. S. P. P. (2010). Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.]]> 2018-10-05 00:41:57 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289427566 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289439693 By using victimology, investigators were able to track his possible victims which lead to his first arrest.]]> 2018-10-05 02:04:29 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289439693 mysticalsparr0w https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289460992 Developing new techniques like Victimology and Profiling is very important and useful. By further researching these and giving law enforcement the right training to use these properly, we can better use this to apprehend criminals.]]> 2018-10-05 05:24:34 UTC https://padlet.com/mysticalsparr0w/dbb5r8cc7rec/wish/289460992