Cellular Respiration by Miranda Young https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz By Miranda and Celia en-us 2016-12-07 14:42:09 UTC 2016-12-09 14:53:29 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Rafaelo.png CELLULAR RESPIRATION csanmillan https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142298151 2016-12-07 14:50:35 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142298151 Stage 1 - Glycolysis myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142555580 1. Energy (2 ATP) is used to split glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules.
-  These go on to stage II - The Kreb's Cycle

3. This is used to make 4 molecules of ATP.
4. As a result, there is a net gain of 2 ATP.
5. High-energy electrons are transferred to molecules of NAD+ to produce 2 molecules of NADH, another energy-carrying molecule.
6. NADH is used in stage III to make more ATP.]]> 2016-12-08 14:37:51 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142555580 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142559698 A. Cellular respiration that proceeds without oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
B. Cellular Respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen called aerobic respiration. ]]> 2016-12-08 14:47:13 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142559698 The Mitochondrion and its Role in Stage II and Stage III myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142560963 - Has an inner and outer membrane.
- Space between is called the inter-membrane space. 
- Space enclosed by the inner membrane is called the matrix.
- The second stage pf cellular respiration, the Kreb's Cycle, takes place in the matrix.
- The third stage, electron transport, takes place on the inner membrane.]]> 2016-12-08 14:50:02 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142560963 BEFORE the Kreb's Cycle myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142564154 A. Pyruvic acid, (3 carbon atom) is split apart anf recombined with an enzyme known as CoA (coenzyme A) creating acetyl-CoA.
B. The third carbon from pyruvic ]]> 2016-12-08 14:57:21 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142564154 csanmillan https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142705288 2016-12-09 00:20:33 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142705288 Stage II - Kreb’s Cycle myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142705716
  • Acetyl-CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule called OAA (oxaloacetate) producing citric acid, which has 6 carbon atoms. 
  • After citric acid forms, it goes through a series of reactions that release energy. 
  • The energy is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH2, another energy-carrying compound. 
  • CO2 is also released as a waste product of these reactions.
  • The final step of the Krebs cycle regenerates OAA, the molecule that began the Krebs cycle. 
  • This molecule is needed for the next turn through the cycle.
    • The Kreb’s Cycle produces:
    4 ATP (including 2 from glycolysis)
    10 NADH (including 2 from glycolysis)
    2 FADH2 

    ]]>     2016-12-09 00:27:33 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142705716     myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142706307 2016-12-09 00:36:53 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142706307 myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142706724 2016-12-09 00:43:12 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142706724 The Electron Transport Chain myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142707185
  • Electrons are released from NADH and FADH2, move along electron transport chains, like those used in photosynthesis. 
  • High energy electrons are transported along the chains. 
  • Energy captured is used to pump hydrogen ions (from NADH and FADH2) across the inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space
  • Electron-transport chains on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion carry out the last stage of cellular respiration.

    • ]]>     2016-12-09 00:50:53 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142707185     myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142707534 2016-12-09 00:55:09 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142707534 cellular respiration diagram myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142709985 2016-12-09 01:28:49 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142709985 Making ATP myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142710041
  • There is a greater concentration of H ions in the intermembrane space than in the matrix → chemiosmotic gradient 
  • Ions flow back across the membrane into the matrix, where their concentration is lower. 
  • ATP synthase acts as a channel protein, helping hydrogen ions cross the membrane. 
  • ATP synthase also acts as an enzyme, forming ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. 
  • After passing through the electron-transport chain, the “spent” electrons (from H) combine with oxygen to form water. 

    • *This is why oxygen is needed; in the absence of oxygen, this process cannot occur


    ]]>     2016-12-09 01:29:43 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142710041     RESULTS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142710231
  • Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules
  • The Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP molecules
  • Electron transport begins with several molecules of NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle and transfers their energy into as many as 34 ATP molecules. 
    • Up to 38 molecules of ATP can be produced from just one molecule of glucose in the process of aerobic respiration.

    ]]>     2016-12-09 01:32:44 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142710231     myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142710665 2016-12-09 01:39:23 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142710665 myoung44 https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142711194 2016-12-09 01:46:37 UTC https://padlet.com/myoung44/da81pxl7b8jz/wish/142711194