Animals in Scientific Research by Rosie Chenery https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd Identify why animals are used for experimental purposes. Provide pros and cons of the use of animals in your allocated field. en-us 2018-11-05 08:50:32 UTC 2018-11-05 11:30:56 UTC hello@padlet.com How are animals used? https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300391753 The tests may involve oral administration or application to the skin or eyes. The experiments vary some animals ingest food whereas some are tested on the skin.]]> 2018-11-05 10:50:35 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300391753 Alternatives https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300391854 Lol just don't test on animals- that's the alternative.
The companies can ask for human volunteers, I am sure there's many people who would rather test humans than animals. 
Apparently, according to a website that has .gov at the end (must be reliable) an alternative is to use computer simulations/ using non- living system.
Can always use plants or something similar that has cells and no feelings.
Microbiological systems are an alternative so like it is based on the capability of chemicals to induce mutating changes in a cell's DNA. So like I'm am guessing you get like samples of people's cells or something like that.
Scientists have developed a human neuronal model cell line which have a similar structure to brain cells; this can be utilized for study of degeneration, mechanism and efficiency of d.r.u.g.s. So like you can use that for an alternative to testing d.r.u.g.s on animals.


]]> 2018-11-05 10:50:58 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300391854 why are animals used for experiments in military establishments https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392060 the military performs testing on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases, assessing the effectiveness of new medicinal. This is for the soldiers to learn what to take and not to take for pain relief if injured.  ]]> 2018-11-05 10:51:45 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392060 Pros and cons of the use of animals in the field. https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392498 Pros
- Helps researchers to find d.rugs and treatments.
- Improves human health.
- Helps ensure safety of d.rugs.
Cons
- Animals can be killed or injured.
- Animals and humans are not exactly the same so it could have a different affect on them than humans.
- Can be expensive.

]]> 2018-11-05 10:53:20 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392498 Cons https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392559 Inhumane Treatment:
-Animals are routinely force fed.

Lack of Applicability:
- One of the leading arguments is that it a waste of scientific energy and resources.
-Tests can often be unreliable.


]]> 2018-11-05 10:53:36 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392559 Pros & Cons https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392627 2018-11-05 10:53:50 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392627 Why and how animals are used for pharmaceutical testing. https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392647 There are many reasons for animals being used in pharmaceutical testing, but the most obvious reason is to determine weather the d.rug is "safe" and successful, ready for individuals to use. in order for professionals to decide weather a d,rug is safe they need to investigate how the compound is broken down/metabolized by the chosen subjects liver into other byproducts known as metabolites. These metabolites can often build up in ones system over a short period of using the d.rug, this normally causes serious and life threatening problems.]]> 2018-11-05 10:53:53 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392647 How Are Animals Used In Medical Schools https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392689 2018-11-05 10:54:01 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300392689 Why are animals used? https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393121 Animals offer experimental models that would be impossible to replicate using human subjects. 
Some animals have biological similarities to humans.
Many diseases that affect humans also affect other mammals but they do not occur in insects, plants or bacteria.]]> 2018-11-05 10:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393121 Alternatives https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393168 2018-11-05 10:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393168 Pros: https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393889 It Uses Animals Similar To Humans:
-People and animals are biologically similar, having the same set of organs, central nervous system and blood stream which is why both are virtually affected by the same health conditions and diseases.

]]> 2018-11-05 10:58:02 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393889 Cosmetics https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393959 2018-11-05 10:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300393959 Alternitives https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300394239 organ of chips that contain human cells grown in a state-of-the-art system to mimic the structure and function of human organs and organ systems. or Quantitative structure-activity relationships  are computer-based techniques that can replace animal tests by making sophisticated estimates of a substance’s likelihood of being hazardous, based on its similarity to existing substances and our knowledge of human biology. or A method called micro-dosing can provide vital information on the safety of an experimental drug and how it is metabolized in humans prior to large-scale human trials. Volunteers are given an extremely small one-time drug dose, and sophisticated imaging techniques are used to monitor how the drug behaves in the body.]]> 2018-11-05 10:59:11 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300394239 pros and cons of animal testing https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300394390 Pros
1)They allow for vaccines and new weapons to be made. 
2)They improve the surgical techniques.
3)The military can use animals to predict how something will wound and effect a human if they come in contact with chemicals or an explosion.

Cons
1)The animals may be killed or kept in small areas. 
2)They could be using for surgery practice and something could go wrong causing harm or death to the animals.
3)The animals are harmed with chemicals giving them burns and they are used in explosions causing all sorts of harmful wounds.]]> 2018-11-05 10:59:44 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300394390 why and how https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395347 they are used to test products ]]> 2018-11-05 11:03:34 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395347 why and how https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395366 they are used to test products such as skin and eye irratatio]]> 2018-11-05 11:03:41 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395366 why and how https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395438 they are used to test products such as skin and eye irratation this means they rub the product/chemical into thw ]]> 2018-11-05 11:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395438 why and how https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395443 they are used to test products such as skin and eye irratation this means they rub the product/chemical into the skin]]> 2018-11-05 11:04:06 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395443 why and how https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395445 they are used to test products such as skin and eye irratation this means they rub the product/chemical into the skin ]]> 2018-11-05 11:04:06 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395445 why and how https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395453 they are used to test products such as skin and eye irratation this means they rub the product/chemical into the skin or the eye ]]> 2018-11-05 11:04:10 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395453 Alternatives https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395459 Use dummy's for weapon testing
Computer generated tests
Computer models]]> 2018-11-05 11:04:11 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395459 why and how https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395461 animals are typically used to test for skin and eye irritation, this involves rubbing the product/chemical into the skin or eye of the animal, usually a rabbit and waiting to see the results.
animals may also be force fed products to determine how much can be consumed before illness occurs.
Some animals may also have to endure the 'Lethal Dose', this determines the amount of product that causes death.]]> 2018-11-05 11:04:11 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395461 Requirements For A Dog Feeding Trial: https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395589 -Minimum of eight healthy adult dogs at least one year of age
test runs a minimum of 26 weeks
the diet must be the sole source of nutrition.
-Daily food consumption recorded
body weight measured weekly.
-Blood parameters measured are: hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase (a liver enzyme).
]]> 2018-11-05 11:04:50 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395589 how are the animals used in human experimentation in the military Establishments https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395686 the military use animal testing to test the effects of weapons such as exposing them to nerve agents and gases or inducing chemical burns. in the field the military are prone to variety of disease that can be extremely contagious. animal testing allows the military to find vaccines to prevent catching these possible deadly disease. besides this, animals are used to improve surgical techniques and methods to stop bleeding. this is one of the main controversial topics as most animals are live when the surgery take place.]]> 2018-11-05 11:05:21 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300395686 pros and cons https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396195 cons: 
it can lead to death of animals 

]]> 2018-11-05 11:07:51 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396195 Alternatives to using animals for research. https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396394 Stem cell and genetic testing.
Microdosing.
Computer models and simulations.
Virtual drug trials.
Computerized patient-drug databases.
non-invasive imaging- MRIs, CT scans. ]]> 2018-11-05 11:08:40 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396394 pros and cons https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396406 cons: 
it can lead to death of animals 
some animals are killed straight away 
it poses inhumane treatment 
it performs tests that are not necessary 
it costs alot of money 
it passes 🤬 that are not necessarily safe 
these tests cause severe allergic reactions to the animals 
can lead to liver problems, swollen eyelids, ulceration and bleeding 
pros: 
protects health of humans 

]]> 2018-11-05 11:08:43 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396406 pros of https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396789 2018-11-05 11:10:13 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396789 pros of using animals in medical schools https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396803 2018-11-05 11:10:16 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396803 pros of using animals in medical schools: https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396809 2018-11-05 11:10:17 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396809 pros of using animals in medical schools: https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396834 animal testing has contributed to many life saving cures and treatments, there are no sustainable alternatives to testing on animals as there are no oher living body systems we can use for experimentation, animals are appropriate research specimins as they have similar body structures to ours. it helps students to get there medical degrees and understand more what happens to different bodies. ]]> 2018-11-05 11:10:25 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300396834 cons on using animals in medical schools: https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300397925 animal testing is cruel and inhuman because it can sometimes go wrong and can have a bad reaction from the animals casuing them to be in pain, suffering and they could possibly die, alternative testing methods have come into lght which can replace the ened for animal testing, animals can have very different structures which makes experimenting on them pointless as it can effect animals differently from humans.]]> 2018-11-05 11:14:15 UTC https://padlet.com/r_chenery92/d8wa4601q4sd/wish/300397925