https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4 10/21 en-us 2021-10-21 10:35:17 UTC 2023-05-25 19:17:53 UTC hello@padlet.com jamesjukosky https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833088823 2021-10-21 10:37:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833088823 jamesjukosky https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833093063 2021-10-21 10:39:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833093063 jamesjukosky https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833094546 2021-10-21 10:40:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833094546 jamesjukosky https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833234856 2021-10-21 12:05:53 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833234856 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833242547 Migration Success was not signifigantly correlated with overwintering population size.]]> 2021-10-21 12:09:47 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833242547 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833243282 Overwintering population numbers are correlated with late summer population size]]> 2021-10-21 12:10:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833243282 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833245589  Boyle et al.’s key conclusion is that the monarch decline began over 60 y ago and was concordant with the abandonment of small-scale farms (which served as a reservoir for milkweeds). This result is concordant with the long-term decline of monarchs in California supported by observational data remarkably collected by a single researcher over a 45-y period (13).]]> 2021-10-21 12:11:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833245589 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833245625 Overall, there has been a general decline in the populations. As years have passed, the butterflies/hectare have decreased significantly and proportionally to some of the major causes listed below. The circled section on Figure 1 shows the time period of data that was explored in this paper. ]]> 2021-10-21 12:11:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833245625 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833246095 The conservation effort that would have the greatest effect on Monarch numbers would be to increase milkweed populations]]> 2021-10-21 12:11:27 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833246095 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833246272 100 Year drought in Texas

Monarch and other butterflies are experiencing floral nectar limitation.

Small scale farms being abandoned

The use of pesticides (neonicotinoids) and herbicides.

Ophryocystis elektroscirrha.

The introduction of non native milkweed. 

An increased levels of disease in the population.]]> 2021-10-21 12:11:33 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833246272 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833248434 Migration success has not decreased over time]]> 2021-10-21 12:12:30 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833248434 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833251902 These declines are thought to be a combination of several factors coming together. ]]> 2021-10-21 12:14:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833251902 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833256782 “In 1986: “Herbicides are a major threat to monarchs, because the butterflies need weeds and wild- flowers to survive.” In 1990 on deforestation in Mexico: “But until it is clear that cutting has stopped, there is danger of a catastrophe that’s going to spell the end of monarch butterflies in eastern North America.” In 2002 on monarch mortality caused by a winter storm in Mexico: “It was really macabre, I’ve been going down there for 25 years, and I’ve never seen anything like it.” In 2006: “The biggest threat to the migration is the steady attrition of forests because of illegal logging.” In 2011 on use of herbicides in agricultural fields: “It kills everything. It’s like absolute Armageddon for biodiversity over a huge area.” And in 2017 on climate change impacts on monarch butterflies: “It’s hard to know what’s going to happen, but I don’t think it will be good.”]]> 2021-10-21 12:16:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833256782 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833263282 2021-10-21 12:19:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833263282 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833265254 The correlation between migration success and NDVI suggests that nectar availability in this region affects migration success of all butterflies, no matter their point of origin]]> 2021-10-21 12:20:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833265254 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833273190 This paper supports the Milkweed Limitation hypothesis, stating that the milkweed lost due to increased herbicide in agricultural fields and land use by humans is the limiting factor for Monarch population growth. ]]> 2021-10-21 12:23:24 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833273190 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833273732 a tagged butterfly from the Midwest is about 4 times more likely to be recovered than a tagged butterfly from the Northeast]]> 2021-10-21 12:23:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833273732 https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833281989 1.4 billion stems of Milkweed need to be restored in the midwest in order to return the Monarch numbers to a mean of 6 hectares(10-50 million Monarchs) of overwintering habitat]]> 2021-10-21 12:27:04 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833281989 jamesjukosky https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833296387 2021-10-21 12:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833296387 jamesjukosky https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833312213 2021-10-21 12:39:04 UTC https://padlet.com/jamesjukosky/d87g2q9mt7k9fws4/wish/1833312213