The theory that I will use is constructivist transformative knowledge. It was developed by Lev Vygotsky and it was used by the need to provide students with tools that allow them to create their own knowledge to solve a problematic situation, which implies that their ideas are modified and continue learning. This theory indicates that the teaching process is perceived and carried out as a dynamic, participatory and interactive process of the subject, so that knowledge is an authentic construction operated by the person who learns. As applied to my topic, this theory holds that I would expect my independent variable (s) to be motivation, teamwork, critical reading, thinking and communication. Variable to influence or explain the dependent variable (s) as the available energy would be, the computer load, if necessary.

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Theory Use. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 12-14). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MD-uKDcn1eKRppZSTwQnRJtiPx3wXowu/view?usp=sharing

Dependent and independent variables 

What is Constructivism in education?

https://www.psicoactiva.com/blog/que-es-el-constructivismo/ 

The theory I will use is that of a postpositive. It was developed by 19th century writers like Comte, Mill, Durkheim, Newton, and Locke (Smith, 1983), and more recently by writers like Phillips and Burbules (2000). This theory is used for traditional research, it is more effective in quantitative research than in qualitative research. Also called scientific research or the scientific method, positivist / post-positivist, empirical science or post-positivism.

It maintains a deterministic philosophy, that is, the problems studied by post-positivists reflect the need to identify and evaluate causes that influence the results, for example experiments. It is also reductionist because the intention is to narrow ideas down into a small, discrete set to test, such as variables that comprise hypotheses and research questions. 

 

The research topics will be made according to the variables that we wish to study. For quantitative investigations or hypotheses closed questions are asked, unlike the qualitative variable where open questions are asked, it is very useful to know the characteristics of both variables to realize it; the quantitative characteristics are: the values ​​are expressed with numbers, they are used in surveys or interviews, make use of diagrams. Unlike the quantitative variables, the qualitative characteristics are: its values ​​are called with characteristics and qualities, the variables are broad and relative, it will feel to delve into the nature of these realities. (A., 2013)

 In the quantitative approach the researcher tests a theory by specifying narrow hypotheses and the collection of data to support or refute the hypotheses. An experimental design is used in which attitudes are evaluated both before and after the applied experimental treatment. The data is collected in an instrument that measures attitudes and the information is analyzed using statistical procedures and finally the evaluation of the hypothesis.

A., S. (27 de May de 2013). Independent and Dependent Variables in Quantitative research. Obtenido de https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=BgThelG7b6s 

Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches . Washinton D.C.: SAGE Publications Ind.

Klan Academy. (2020). Dependent and independent variables review. Obtenido de https://www.khanacademy.org/math/pre-algebra/pre-algebra-equations-expressions/pre-algebra-dependent-independent/a/dependent-and-independent-variables-review

 [Sarah A]. (2013, May 27).  Independent and Dependent Variables in Quantitative Research. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=BgThelG7b6s 

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Theory Use. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 12-14). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MD-uKDcn1eKRppZSTwQnRJtiPx3wXowu/view?usp=sharing

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Methods. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 1-32). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E514k0flp_gQWPZo49EwR3iCWGLxTQ-C/view?usp=sharing

Ortega, L.(2009). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. 

Retrieved from https://books.google.com.co/books?id=30bKAg AAQBAJ&pg =PA8 5&lpg=PA85&dq=robert+dekeyser+ estudia+ en+skill+acquisition&source =bl&ots=Cb8ZZWmJYx&sig=ACfU3 U1qEejAcfKnDCZJD2AyspGS1WSvKA&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved =2a hUKEwjX3IXywb Xo AhVjU t8KHcKRCEsQ6AE wDH oECA gQA Q# v=onepage&q=robert%20 dekeyser%20 estudia%20en%20skill% 20acquisition&f=false

Taie, M. (2014). Skill Acquisition Theory and Its Important Concepts in 

SLA. Retrieved from http://www.academypublication.com/ issues/ past/ tpls/vol04/09/30.pdf

Sato, M. (2013). Skill acquisition theory and the role of practice in L2 development. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate. net/pub lication/285409570Skill_acquisition_theory_and_the_roleof_practice _in L2development

The school or quantitative theory of administration emerged at the beginning of the Second World War, when the British in search of new war tactics, formed interdisciplinary operations research teams, this technique was so successful that other countries implemented the model and formed equipment with similar purposes; After the war, operations research was implemented as an administrative tool for solving problems in industries.

On the other hand, this theory adopts the rational thinking model, as the main strategy to deal with conflicts that may affect organizational processes. Hence, the importance of analysis in each part of the operational process, than the performance of the company's own regular operations. This theory is executed using a mathematical model that simulates a problem or conflict to be solved; all the factors inherent to the problem are reflected, their relationships and their direct and indirect consequences. Which translates into sound decision-making, main purpose of this theory or school.

👨‍🏫 In addition, there are methods that allow evaluating from a probabilistic perspective the possible behavior of the variables that affect the fulfillment of the objectives of the organization; Based on the use of equations and mathematical models, the quantitative school relies mainly on six tools and methods:

1. Game theory: It is a conflict analysis methodology in which two people intervene. Each one is provided with a limited number of strategies that they must propose as an alternative for each action consulted. Then the results are calculated by a matrix.

2. Linear programming: It allows optimizing resources in multiple option operations. It is used as a method of reducing costs and maximizing efficiency.

3. Dynamic programming: It is used when the final objective is affected by previous instances that, if configured, would prevent full compliance.

4. Probability theory: It helps in making the right decisions when there are several solution options.

5. Queuing theory: When analyzing waiting queues, this tool allows decisions to be made that merit an optimal balance between the value of the cost associated with the service and the cost related to the losses due to said waiting.

6. Administrative econometrics: It is a support technique in understanding the behavior of markets.

The quantitative school of administration defends the approach that business management can be improved if the elements that affect it can be measured quantitatively. To do this, it proposes the analysis of organizational problems from the perspective of mathematical models related to decision-making. These models are:

Operations research, electronic data management, decision theories, administrative science, statistical methods.

Analyzed the conflict situations, the administration would be given under the management of the resulting quantitative variables and the use of mathematical prototypes that improve efficiency.

 
[Sarah A]. (2013, May 27).  Independent and Dependent Variables in Quantitative Research. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=BgThelG7b6s 

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Theory Use. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 12-14). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MD-uKDcn1eKRppZSTwQnRJtiPx3wXowu/view?usp=sharing

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Methods. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 1-32). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E514k0flp_gQWPZo49EwR3iCWGLxTQ-C/view?usp=sharing

The theory that I will use is Uses determinism. It was developed by Fiske (1997), Harrison and Stephen (1999), Katz and Rice (2002) and it was used to study how to emphasize technological uses and how we use technology within learning and teaching transactions. This theory indicates that technologies are perceived as neutral tools and are simply devices to extend our capacities. We determine the effects of technological devices. The technologies are only tools, like a carpenter uses tools but he is not controlled by them. In the same way, computers are used to build knowledge; they should not control the learner. Jonassen (1996). As applied to my topic, this theory holds that I would expect my independent variable(s) are all the educational strategies we apply in the classroom to influence the building of knowledge in the classroom.

Is there a real difference in score between math students that watch math videos in YouTube from those who do not?

[Sarah A]. (2013, May 27).  Independent and Dependent Variables in Quantitative Research. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=BgThelG7b6s 

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Theory Use. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 12-14). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MD-uKDcn1eKRppZSTwQnRJtiPx3wXowu/view?usp=sharing

Creswell, J. (2014). Quantitative Methods. In Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed., pp. 1-32). California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E514k0flp_gQWPZo49EwR3iCWGLxTQ-C/view?usp=sharing

Anderson, T. (Ed.). (2008). The theory and practice of online learning. Athabasca University Press. 

I want to highlight that your work is very good, but I want to complement something about the theory you chose for the activity, since the main elements that must be taken into account in this theory, which as you indicate, are also called scientific method, are determination, empirical observation and measurement, reductionism and theory verification, is a widely used theory in quantitative research methods.

Good job,

 

The theory that you chose for the activity is very interesting, and it is also a very important contribution to education, where culture is a factor to take into account in this theory and the environment in which the human being works comes to significantly affect the human being. As the Vygotsky indicates, it consists in considering the individual as the result of the historical and social process where language plays an essential role.

 References:

https://sites.google.com/site/teoriaconstructivistau123/proceso/actividad-4

Good job

 

The theory that you chose for the activity is very interesting, the truth I didn´t know about it, but it can be seen that today technology occupies an important place in education and that it serves as a support for teaching as long as it´s used in a different way. Adequate way to meet and achieve the proposed goals for teaching support.

Good job,

 

 Hello classmate Liz,

I have observed their contribution and it seems to me very complete, through quantitative research we managed to convert the empirically observed data into mathematical models or theories to interpret such data, since their presentation is in the form of statistics, percentages or other similar forms. From this, the importance that I observe in the postpositive theory proposed by you is the use of mixed research, even more focused on quantitative research, which allows us to express in exact terms, that is, through numbers, the result of a research, and this gives us greater confidence for decision-making, when we see exact figures after carrying out a process with statistical instruments.

Thank you,

 

I have observed their contribution and I find it enriching for our role as teachers; However, I see constructivist theory focused on the qualitative method, which takes into account: the description, context, interpretation from implicit methods, therefore, of the intuition and talent of the researcher. This theory emphasizes the social and cultural contexts of knowledge, through the construction of meanings, instruments for cognitive development and development; Although in itself, the theory is related to qualitative aspects, through its application in the classroom, Vygotsky's theory allows us to obtain quantitative results to build more complex learning and facilitate the development of mental structures, integrating new cognitive skills.

Thank you,

I also agree with Diana, wehad no knowledge of the existence of deterministic theory of uses. It is quite novel and valuable to apply at this time, where technology and the use of social tools through the web are our best way to communicate, and above all for the virtual learning and teaching process, to which we are all necessarily recurring due to pandemic. Quantitative research is reflected by the variety of ways to collect data and the educational strategy you mention to build knowledge in the classroom.

Thank you,

Hi Maria Paula The perspective constructivist is very interesting e important. The theory that you chose is one of the most complete because the student must always create his own knowledge, at present I think that our country should change the curriculum and update the theoretical perspective for the constructivist, to provide better quality of education in this time of development where children and young people have creative thoughts and much to contribute in our society, thanks to Lev Vygotsky we can think differently and advance in teaching our children. It would be good if you made a comparative of the qualitative and quantitative variables if they are associated with the theory or else, only that the rest is well written. 

Thank you.

 

The theory of skill acquisition, is of great support to work on cognitive and psychomotor skills at all ages for teaching a second language, it is very important because it allows research to be extended to a larger population, research work is vital for education and to publicize if teaching is feasible, important your theoretical perspective good work.

hank you

Companions congratulations, it is very good that there are theories of the administration that we can apply to education, I say this because if it has a minimum margin of error or it is exact then it would help us to reevaluate the way it is being taught in Colombia and change some strategies of learning, very good contribution.

Thank you.

 

 Hello companion Liz

Thank you for your theoretical perspective, I have always said it, every day we learn new things, your comment teaches me things that I had no idea about, that sometimes we do but we do not know the background of that.

 

Hi Luis Carlos, I see the theory you are proposing is quite interesting because it has many ways to be applied in the research field. I think statistics are very important when it comes to evaluating the way the dependable variable is behaving regarding the independent variable. It's a very interesting theory and it helps precisely in the topic you chose.