Legal and Ethical Principles for English Language Learners by Yolanda Morales https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69 Made with a smile. en-us 2020-04-26 19:06:48 UTC 2020-05-02 02:38:31 UTC hello@padlet.com The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/542950623 Statutory Law
  • Prohibits discrimination, including in education
  • Students cannot be discriminated against based on race, sex, color, religion, language, or national origin. 
  • Students who have limited English proficiency cannot be denied education or programs in a public school that receives federal funds (Civil Rights Act, 1964).
Link to law:  https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2008-title42/pdf/USCODE-2008-title42-chap21-subchapV.pdf               
                
References
The Civil Rights Act 42, USC    
         §2000d (1964) 
 
]]> 2020-04-30 19:56:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/542950623 Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/542962589 Statutory Law      
  • Formerly known as Bilingual Education Act
  • Reauthorized by No Child Left Behind Act of 2002
  • Reauthorized again as Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015
  • Federal grant program for public and charter schools
  • Benefits Limited English Proficient (LEP) students
  • Districts must create and implement language instruction to assist LEP students in attaining English language proficiency while meeting grade level academic standards (Elementary and Secondary Education Act, reauthorized 2015).
Link to law: https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/legislation/title-iii.html#TITLE-III-PART-A
               
References
Elementary and Secondary      
         Education Act, 20 USC § 6821          (reauthorized 2015)  


]]> 2020-04-30 20:03:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/542962589 Lau v. Nichols ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/543093915 Judicial Law
  • Case was brought because not all Chinese students were given supplemental language assistance.  They were placed in special education or repeated grade levels. 
  • Supreme Court ruled that schools must provide supplemental language education as stated in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
  • Since the school received federal funding, it is required to provide equal opportunities to all students.
  • Students must be given assistance to understand what is being taught to qualify as equal opportunity (Lau v. Nichols, 1974).
Link to court case: https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep414/usrep414563/usrep414563.pdf
                     
References
Lau v. Nichols, 414 US 563, (1974)
]]> 2020-04-30 21:33:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/543093915 Providing Curricular Support for ELLs During Pandemic a Two-Pronged Challenge ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/543145869
  • This article discusses ELLs online leaning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Teachers are often assigning online assignments to students for the general education and not focusing on English language learning.
  • English language learners are not experiencing opportunities to practice skills to improve their English.
  • ELL students are not with English speakers, as their families often do not speak English.
  • The parents of the ELL students also need support on how to assist their students with their online assignments.
  • Immigration Connections has listed videos and articles for these families as a guide to assist their students.  Link to Immigration Connections:   https://www.immigrantsrefugeesandschools.org/post/english-learner-family-engagement-during-coronavirus  (De La Rosa, 2020).
    • Link to news article:
    https://www.educationdive.com/news/providing-curricular-support-for-ells-during-pandemic-a-two-pronged-challen/576500/
                  
    References
    Connections, I. (2020). English 
         Learner Family Engagement   
         During Coronavirus. 
    De La Rosa, S. (2020).  Providing   
         curricular support for ELLs 
         during pandemic a two-pronged 
         challenge. 
    ]]>     2020-04-30 22:18:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/543145869     Improving Academic Outcomes for Emergent Bilingual Students ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/543194782
  • Despite the increase in number of English language learning students, they remain the lowest performing.
  • Districts have made significant changes to assist these students, but they still have low achievement outcomes, high dropout rates, and low college attendance. 
  • Some of the problems may be that teachers are not properly trained or the students are attending underfunded schools.
  • Six steps to improve the academic outcome of English language learners are (1)embrace diversity, (2)focus on achievement, (3)identify English learners, (4)use technology, (5)address the lack of ELL teachers or under training, and (6)recognize the benefit of being bilingual (Academic Dive, 2020).
    • Link to article:
    https://www.educationdive.com/spons/improving-academic-outcomes-for-emergent-bilingual-students/575137/
                     
    References
    Education Dive. (2020). Improving 
         academic outcomes for 
         emergent bilingual students. 
         (2020).         
    ]]>     2020-04-30 23:05:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/543194782     Equal Educational Opportunities ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544320467 Local Policy
    • Abilene ISD will follow the guidelines of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
    • The district will not discriminate any student based on race, sex, color, religion, language, or national origin (Abilene Independent School District Employee Handbook, 2019).
    Link to policy:·         https://www.abileneisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/AISD-Employee-Handbook_2019_final-1.pdf
                       
                   References
    Abilene Independent School 
         District. (2019). Equal 
    Educational Opportunities. 

    ]]>     2020-05-01 15:45:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544320467     (3)Ethical Conduct Toward Student ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544355216 (D)Standard 3.4 The educator shall not exclude a student from participation in a program, deny benefits to a student, or grant an advantage to a student on the basis of race, color, gender, disability, national origin, religion, family status, or sexual orientation.
    • This is connected to the topic as it is restating the Civil Rights Act.  Teachers in a classroom cannot prevent a student from participating in an activity because they are not proficient in English or they do not fully understand the instructions.  It is the teachers responsibility to assist the student in understanding. 
    Link to Code of Ethics:
    https://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public/readtac$ext.TacPage?sl=R&app=9&p_dir=&p_rloc=&p_tloc=&p_ploc=&pg=1&p_tac=&ti=19&pt=7&ch=247&rl=2
                     References
    Code of Ethics and Standard 
         Practices for Texas Educators, 
         19. Tex. Admin. Code § 247.2.

    ]]>     2020-05-01 15:59:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544355216     Teaching English Language Learners Across the Content Area (book) ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544426692 This book would be informative for teachers who have English Language Learners in their classroom. The book includes information on how to determine the level of the students English proficiency, modify assignments and assessments for students at varying levels of proficiency, ensure that ELL students are involved, and how to communicate with parents of ELL students (Haynes & Zacarian, 2010).
    Link to book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1416609121/ref=rdr_ext_tmb           
                  References
    Haynes, J. & Zacarian, D. (2010).
         Teaching English Language
         Learners Across the Content
         Area.     ASCD. ]]>     2020-05-01 16:31:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544426692     Professional Development for General Education Teachers of English Language Learners ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544475744 With the increasing number of ELL students, NEA advocates for professional development for all educators of ELL students.  This article identifies the challenges and what a quality professional development consists of.  It identifies that general education teachers are now the main educators of ELL students and why they need quality professional development.  Also in the article there are recommendations for policymakers on how to improve the quality of professional development for teachers of ELL students (NEA, 2011).
    Link to pdf: http://www.nea.org/assets/docs/PB32_ELL11.pdf
                 
    References
    NEA. (2011). An NEA policy brief:
         Professional development for
         general education teachers of
         English language learners.
         Retrieved from
         http://www.nea.org/assets
         /docs/PB32_ELL11.pdf
    Professional Development for 
         General Education Teachers of 
         English Language Learners. 
         (n.d.). Retrieved May 01, 2020,            from http://www.nea.org 
         /home/42549.htm

    ]]>     2020-05-01 16:54:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/544475744     Importance of Quality Education for English Language Learners ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545024064 English Language Learners are the fastest growing population in education.  These students must be given an equal opportunity to be successful in their learning and minimize their placement into special education classes and lower their dropout rate.  It is important that educators provide a quality instruction and accommodations to assist ELL students (Alrubail, 2016).
    A current issue for English language learners is remote learning.  With the current COVID-19 pandemic, students all across the world have had their lives turned upside down in the education world.  There is acknowledgement that ELL students will struggle more with online learning due to not having access not technology, limited understanding of English, and the inability to complete assignments without support (Mitchell, 2020). 
                   
    References
    Mitchell, C. (2020).  English-
         learners may be left behind as
         remote learning becomes 'new
         normal'.  Retrieved from
         https://blogs.edweek.org   
         /edweek/learning-the-
        language/2020/03/coronavirus
        _english_learners_digital
         _divide.html
    Alrubail, R. (2016). Equity for
         English language learners. 
         Edutopia.  Retrieved from
         https://www.edutopia.org/ 
         blog/equity-for-english-
         language-learners-rusul-alrubail    ]]>     2020-05-02 00:22:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545024064     K-12 English Language Learners ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545053139 K-12 Educators of English Language Learners
    As an educator, it is important to understand English language learners and how to assist them in being successful in their learning.  This topic was chosen because we have a growing number of ELL students in the United States.  Having worked with ELL students, including those who speak Swahili, Kinyarwanda, and French to name a few, each summer for the past seven years, the lack of knowledge of some educators and how to educate these students has come to light.  We as teachers have to be aware of how to give an equal education to all students, regardless of the language they speak.  ]]>     2020-05-02 01:18:45 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545053139     Adaptations for Special Populations ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545065072 Administrative Law
    • Any student who speaks a language other than English will be provided a bilingual or ESL program.
    • The goal is to have ELL students become proficient in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in English.
    • These programs will be integrated into the regular school program (19 TAC §89.1201).
    Link to law:
    http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter089/ch089bb.html
                   
                  References
    Adaptations for Special 
         Populations, 19. Tex. Admin. 
    Code §89.1201. 
    ]]>     2020-05-02 01:43:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545065072     Recommendations for Compliance and Best Practices for ELL students ymorales8 https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545072983
  • Teachers should participate in professional development regularly to learn laws and best practices to work with English language learners. Teachers should keep updated as strategies can change and new ideas emerge. 
  • Ensure that all students are treated equally and not left out due to their language barriers.  It is the teacher's responsibility to include all students in learning.  
  • Assist in identifying students who are possible ELL and their proficiency level and make sure these students are attending a bilingual or ESL program. 
  • Model for the students what is expected of them.  Language barriers will decrease their comprehension.  These students will learn from modeling by everyone, including teachers and other students.  
  • Teach language skills across the curriculum and throughout the day.  ELL students need to have multiple opportunities to practice a new language. 
  • Incorporate technology into the daily learning of ELL students.  These students will need to be taught how to use technology, as many will not have had previous experiences with it.
  • Allow students to use their native language. 
  • Form a relationship with the child and their family.  It is a good practice to include the family in the education of their child.  Many cultures do not get involved in their child's learning and non-English speaking parents may not know how to help their child.

    • References
    Adaptations for Special
         Populations, 19. Tex. Admin.
         Code §89.1201.
    Code of Ethics and Standard
         Practices for Texas Educators,
         19. Tex. Admin. Code § 247.2.
    Ferlazzo, L. (2016, November 03).
         Do's & Don'ts for Teaching
         English-Language Learners.
         Retrieved May 02, 2020, from
         https://www.edutopia.org /blog
         /esl-ell-tips-ferlazzo-sypnieski
    Kaplan, E. (2019, April 12). 6
         Essential Strategies for Teaching
         English Language Learners.
         Retrieved May 02, 2020, from
         https://www.edutopia.org
         /article/6-essential-strategies-
         teaching-english-language-
         learners
    NEA. (2011). An NEA policy brief:
         Professional development for
         general education teachers of
         English language learners.
         Retrieved from
         http://www.nea.org/assets 
         /docs/PB32_ELL11.pdf
    ]]>     2020-05-02 02:01:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ymorales8/d4gk4aajbai61x69/wish/545072983