Jenna Jueco by Jenna Jueco

EQ1: Why did the modern culture of the 1920's cause some people to think that traditional society and morality were under attack?

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Nativism/Immigration

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In the 1920's, an influx of immigrants rised. This led to prejudice and racism towards immigrants. This triggered nativism, a belief that one's native land needs to be protected against immigrants. During World War 1, immigration dropped, but then returned to its usual prewar levels because so many immigrants were coming from southern and eastern Europe. Many people believed that immigrants were taking all of the jobs that should'e gone to the soldiers that were coming back from the war. They even blamed bombings, strikes, and recession on the immigrants.

Ku Klux Klan

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In addition to immigration, the KKK made a return. This was a new KKK, after the civil war the KKK targeted African Americans. The new KKK targeted any "non-American" this included Catholics, Jews, Immigrants, and ect. They claim to be fighting for "Americanism" which is a pledge to preserve America's white protestant civilization. The KKK had a rough number of 4 million members and it spread all through out the United States.

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Women and Controversies

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After World War 1, women in the United States earned the right to vote. This led to many new doors for women. Women had the idea that they can have the freedom they've always wanted, they could live for themselves, wear more makeup, smoke cigarettes and express themselves fashionably in a way a traditional women would not. Some of these women were called "flappers" and "vamps". These compromised the future goals in the United States. This changed the way women would act on the streets, home, and personally, leading some Americans in the direction of being under attack.

Prohibition, Organized Crime

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Prohibition was intended to ban alcohol in the United States. When the eighteenth amendment went into effect in January 1920, it was illegal to sell, consume, and produce alcohol. Banning alochol was supposed to make things better in the United States, but it did the complete opposite instead. The treasury department struggled to keep up with Prohibition because treasury agents made up to 540,000 arrests due to the ban of alcohol. Many Americans ignored the law, they even made secret bars called speakeasies where everyone could purchase alcohol. Prohibition created more problems such as gangsters, violence and smuggling an illegal substance. Banning alcohol threatened the United States rather than helping it become safer and secure.

Fundamentalism, Scopes Trial

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The Scopes trial took place in Tennessee 1925. A law banned the teaching of evolution, denying the Devine creation of man that was taught in the bible. John T. Scopes was a biology teacher in Tennessee that volunteered in the teaching of evolution. Soon enough, he got arrested for breaking the law. A trial took after this incident. After eight days of his trial he was soon found guilty and fined 100 dollars but was later turned over due to a technicality. This made many traditional Americans angry because it questioned their religion. This was another reason for some people in the 1920's to think society was under attack.

EQ2: How did new industries and a consumer society contribute to the Roaring Twenties?

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Mass production

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With demands of newer and bigger things, America has caught on the trend of mass producing. Mass production is the lRge. Scare maufacturing done with machinery. This and the assembly line allowed new industries such as the automobile and airplane manufacturing to grow.

Model T and other automobiles social impact

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Henry Ford installed the first moving assembly line. Henry Ford created the Model T, giving Americans sufficient and easy traveling. the price of the Model was $850. With mass production, the price came down to half its price $490. it came down even more within years selling at $295. Ford sold millions of Model T's, this made social life and traveling easier for Americans in the 1920's.

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"Let us be done forever with this nonsense about the equality of the sexes."

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-John Macy, "Equality of Woman with Man: A Myth—A Challenge to Feminism," Harper's, November 1926

"I am simply trying to protect the word of God against the greatest atheist or agnostic in the United States. (Prolonged applause.) I want the papers to know I am not afraid to get on the stand in front of him and let him do his worst. I want the world to know. "

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-William Jennings Bryan on the witness stand on day seven of the Scopes Trial, July 20, 1925.

"The Klan's Fight for Americanism"

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-The North American Review(March-April-May 1926)

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“Just as modern mass production requires the standardization of commodities, so the social process requires standardization of man, and this standardization is called equality.”

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-German born American social Philosopher and Psychoanalyst, 1900-1980

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"The success of this company depends upon the producing of a car cheap enough for the salaried man to buy."

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-Scientific American Vol. 113, No. 26 Dec. 25, 1915

Radios

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1913 was the birth of the radio industry. The radio changed every aspect of American living. Edwin Armstrong, an American engineer invented the circuit that made the transmission sound for the radio. In the later years. The national broadcasting company (NBC) setup the network of stations for people to listen to. By 1927's almost 700 stations were broadcasted. The radio industry was very successful for its sales were 842.5 million by 1929.

Credit

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Higher wages and shorter workdays resulted in a decade long buying spree. Credit has been available before the 1920's, but most Americans considered debt shameful. Attitudes toward debt changed in the 1920's because people can pay off their debt with time. Most Americans bought their radios and automobiles with credit.

Birth of the airline industry, Charles Lindbergh

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People in the 1920's tried making the first powered airline that could carry a human being. The aviation industry received an economic boost in 1925 when congress passed the Air Commerce Act, which provided federal aid for building airports. former airmail pilot Charles Lindberg made the amazing solo flight in 1927 across the Atlantic showing that anything is possible with the upcoming commercial aviation. At the end of the 1920's, 48 airlines were serving 355 American cities.

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"living in a dream of yesterday, we find ourselves still dreaming of impossible future conquests"

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-Charles Lindbergh

EQ3: How did popular culture, the arts, and literature change in the 1920's?

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Georgia O'Kee

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European art movements influenced our modern day art today. Art was diverse in the 1920's, New York boomed with inspiration of the painters. Georgia O'Keefe painted landscapes and flowers, they were admired through many museums and throughout her life. Georgia O'Keefe was born in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin on November 15, 1887. Her parents were farmers and she became an artist at the age of ten. She changed the perspectives of Americans with her expression through art.

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F. Scott FItzgerald

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F. Scott Fitzgerald was a unique writer in the 1920's. Scott wrote The Great Gatsby, a book which many people read about today. F. Scott Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul Minnesota. When he made his first success writing his novel, it made F. Scott Fitzgerald famous. He married the woman he fell in love with but soon fell through the cracks by drinking and having mental breakdowns. His wife died in a fire where she was being treated for a mental disorder. His novel "The Great Gatsby" wasn't a popular hit until he died. His expression through novels and stories will forever be acknowledged.

"You don't write because you want to say something, you write because you have something to say."

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-F. Scott Fitzgerald

Babe Ruth

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"The way a team plays as a whole determines its success. You may have the greatest bunch of individual stars in the world, but if they don't play together, the club won't be worth a dime."

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-Babe Ruth

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Babe Ruth or George Herman Ruth Jr. was born February 6, 1895 in Baltimore, Maryland to parents George Sr. and Kate. George Jr. At the age of 7 Ruth had a passion for baseball. He changed the ways Americans looked at sports and entertainment. Everyone would be listening to the baseball games and watched him play in the stadiums spiking a new era.

"When you take a flower in your hand and really look at it, it's your world for the moment. I want to give that world to someone else. Most people in the city rush around so, they have no time to look at a flower. I want them to see it whether they want to or not."

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-Georgia O'Keefe

Movies and Radio shows

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The mass media of the 1920's changed the American way of living. Before movies and productions were invented, Americans would watch a live performance and listen to the piano for entertainment. Now with new technology, people can watch movies in a theater and at home listening to the radio. Audiences from all over the nation would listen to the radio, and shows broadcasted from NBC. Americans would watch The Eveready Hour or listen to Babe Ruth at a baseball game. This brought Americans together.

EQ4: How did African Americans influence American society in the 1920's?

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Great Migration

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During World War 1, hundreds of thousands of African Americans joined the great migration. This was a movement from the rural South to Industrial cities in the North. When they moved to the North they wanted to escape the southern segregation. They ultimately wanted to make a better life for themselves. With little segregation in the North, many African Americans flood the city of Harlem, where music and entertainment boomed also changing the way Americans viewed entertainment and music.

Harlem Renaissance

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The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. These writers included Claude McKay, writing shocking collections of poetry for the start of the Renaissance.

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Claude McKay

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Claude McKay was the first important writer of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote many poems and started a collection informing Americans about Racism in the United States. He wrote "The Lynching" and "If We Must Die"

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Jazz and Blues Theater: Louis Armstrong

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Louis Armstrong introduced the early form of Jazz in 1922. Jazz is a style of music influenced by dixieland blues and ragtime. Many African Americans started their entertainment at the Cotton Club, the most famous nightclub in Harlem. It only served white customers.

NAACP

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"Upon the clothes behind the tenement, That hang like ghosts suspended from the lines, Linking each flat, but to each indifferent, Incongruous and strange the moonlight shines."

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-Claude McKay

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“I have come to see more and more that one of the most decisive steps that the Negro can take is that little walk to the voting booth. That is an important step. We've got to gain the ballot, and through that gain, political power.”

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-NAACP Emancipation Day Rally, January 1, 1957

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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. They battled many injustices for colored people, such as discrimination and segregation. They protested on the acts of lynching. Their greatest political triumphs was the defeat of John J. Parker, this proved that African American voters and lobby groups finally achieved enough influence to affect national politics.

Citations

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http://decades.sirs.com/decadesweb/de4cades/do/frontpage
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/browseTopics
http://www.glencoe.comose
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Results?q=1920%27s&setcustomercontext=15813

“expression of our individual dark-skinned selves.”

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-Langston Hughes