To be emotional, geography is the affection towards all the existing things and it’s the curiosity of discovering\getting to know about the world.

1.China

2.India

3.America

4.Indonesia

5.Brazil

5 largest countries in the world 

1.Russia

2.Canada

3.China

4.America

5.Brazil

 

2, Population Distribution: refers to the spatial form of population in a certain period of time, mainly refers to the regional difference of population. "Population distribution measures: population density, population distribution pattern."
3, Demography: the science of populations and social statistics.
4, Model: a brief structure used to represent a more complicated thing

Death rate: the death rate is the number of deaths per thousand population in a year.

Rate of natural change: the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

Demography: the science of populations and social statistics

Transition: a passing from one period to another period

Model: a brief structure/symbol used to represent a more complicated thing

rate of natural change: the errand between the birth rate and the death rate.

NIC:newly industrialized country

LEDC:less economically developed country

NIC:newly industrialized country（China)

LEDC:less economically developed country(Congo)

 

An area of land has how many people lives there.

The population of different places.

War, war needs troops and government needs to conscript. And during war people dies so this may causes low population density

 Epidemic, for example the COVID-19. During epidemic, many city of China ask people conscript and this causes low population density.

 

*human factors

1.Wars and regional conflicts. (Iraq and India)

2.unstable society

*physical factors

1.Mountain areas and high lands that are hard to build houses and transport things.(e.g. Guizhou and Himalaya)

2.Bad climate conditions which make survival difficult.(e.g. Sahara desert and Gebi desert in  China)

*political factors

dense population:

*human factors

*physical factors

*political factors

1. Allowance provided by government.

1. Very comprehensive

2. They can manage their poster more clearly

 

Group Sabrina, Murphy, Irving, Ella, Leo

1. Very detailed

2. They can put the Social, Economic, Political factors under the big title of Human factor

 

Group Vebe, Victor, Raymond, Carol

1. Good design

2. Clear classification

 

Group Felix, Shekina, Cido, Tina

1. They can make their poster easier for others to read

Group 2: Group 2 make a thing which is similar to table and can separate all kinds of factors much more clearly than group 1 this can show the factors that fact Denys population or sparse population clearly , and they also list the reasons why they list that factors at that place , the only disadvantage of this group is that the factor paper of them weren’t tidily adhere the the paper well , so it’s hard for people to see it clearly .

Group 3: group three us a completely different kinds of way to separate different kinds of factors , they seperate them in rounds and groups and they have a quite different things with other groups , they are allowed to having factors which have not just one characteristics , but after all they also have the same problem with group two that they haven’t adhere it tidily .

Group 5: the poster of group 5 is almost perfect to me , they mix the advantages of all groups , they adhere the factor papers to the paper tidily , and they also write the reasons for that kinds of classify in sentence , although they connect the reasons and factors by arrows , but it is also quite clears for us to see the relationship between the reasons of the factors and the reasons, we could obviously find that they put some papers at the middle of two kinds of factors so we can find out those factors which have different kinds of characteristics.

Very nice

 

Group Felix, Shekina, Cido, Tina

 

The theme is clear and the poster is beautiful

 

Group Sabrina, Murphy, Irving, Ella, Leo

 

Nice, The summary is very concise and the classification is very detailed

 

 

Group Momo, Angela, April, Chelsea, Cordelia

 

Well written. Is a very satisfying work

The elderly dependent population is 12.4%

The economically active population is 66.2%

The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is 51.2%

This means that about 51 of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in population.

The young dependent population is __21.4____%. The elderly dependent population is ___66.1____%. The economically active population is ___12.4_____%. The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is __51.1______%. This means  that ___51____ of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in the population.   

The young dependent population is 21%. The elderly dependent population is 12%. The economically active population is 66%. The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is 51%. This means  that 51 of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in the population. 

The young dependent population is 21.4%. The elderly dependent population is 12.4%. The economically active population is 66.2%. The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is 51.1%. This means  that 51 of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in the population. 

The young dependent population is __21.4____%. The elderly dependent population is ___66.2____%. The economically active population is ___12.4_____%. The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is __51.1______%. This means  that ___51____ of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in the population.   

The young dependent population is __21.4____%. The elderly dependent population is ___66____%. The economically active population is ___12.4_____%. The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is __51______%. This means  that ___51____ of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in the population.   

The young dependent population is __21%___. The elderly dependent population is__ 12%__. The economically active population is __66%__. The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is __51%__. This means  that __51__of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in the population. 

The young dependent population is _____21________%. The elderly dependent population is ___12.4__________%. The economically active population is _______66.2_______%. The dependency ratio for USA, 2000 is ______51.2________%. This means  that ______51_____ of dependent persons are dependent on 100 economically active persons in the population.       

1. The country can’t focus on other aspects’ developments, such as infrastructure. Because the government has to spend money on elderly population, such as building more medical services.

2. The economy of a country may be improved slowly, because a large amount of money is spent on elderly population, for example, building healthcare systems.

3. Stress on economically active population, because they are the people who pay the taxes.

4. Not enough labor forces, because a large proportion of the population is made up of elderly people who are retired.

5. The elderly population can’t be looked after well, because if the elderly population is more than rest of the population, there is not enough people to take care of them.

Problems of Young population

1. Stress on the government, because it has to build education services for young population, or the parents will get angry and protest.

2. Stress on economically active population, because they pay taxes for building education services.

3. Stress on the economy of a country, because a lot of money is spent on young population, such as improving healthcare services.

4. The government has to create more jobs, because more and more people are growing up.

5. Stress on teaching and nursing services, because more workers are needed.

Dharavi, Mumbai is a land of hope and despair. Write 2-3 reasons for it being a land of hope and 2-3 reasons it being a land of despair.

SLUM OF HOPE:-
Strong family and friendship structures.
Education provision is available to some.
Active informal economy.








SLUM OF DESPAIR:-
High employment and under employment.
Widespread crime, little police intervention.
Drug problems widespread.

Informal business in Dharavi is developed.

People in Dharavi have a strong sense of family and friendship.

The government is offering helping to Dharavi

Slum of despair:

Living conditions in Dharavi is poor.

There is not enough clean water in Dharavi.

The problem of unemployment is serious in Dharavi.

People living in Dharavi have very good relationship with each other, so the crime rate among them is quite low. They also run a lot of informal economic activities such as pottery making and recycling plastic, this brings income for them and improve their quality of life.

 

Slum of despair:

Water supply in Dharavi is a big problem, and the sewage system is also pretty poor, which brings health problem for the residents. Also, because the houses are illegally built, there is no guarantee that the residents are safe when there is any natural disaster.

1. The government begins to pay attention to the study in the slums, and some teenagers can get the chance to study (though only a few, it is a progress).

2.In the slums people can get part-time or other jobs, so they can get a lot of extra pay

3.The slums are highly recyclable, where 80% of the waste can be recycled to maximize the elimination of waste

SLUM OF DESPAIR:-

 

land of despair：High unemployment and underemployment.Drug problems widespread

1.There are strong family and friendship structure in Dharavi, so they are very united. 2.There is a high level of recycling. 3.Water supply available and being improved by local authorities, so the death rate decreased.

1.There are high unemployment and underemployment, so many people lose their source of income. 2. Due to the poverty in slum, there are widespread crime, but there is only little police intervention. This poses a threat to the lives of the people there. 3. The Settlement there appears untidy and poorly organised, therefore, it’s easy for disease to spread. 

Slum of Despair:

Waves can be caused by earthquakes that create a tsunami but most commonly they are caused by friction between the wind and the surface of the sea.

Climate is the long-term average of weather in a specific region, typically averaged over a period of 30 years.

Weather elements: temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness
Stevenson screen: A widely used shelter that contains meteorological instruments, arranged in such a way that they give standard reading.

Climate: Climate is the long-term weather changes, some time the climate can be used to describe the weather changes over years.

Weather elements: sunlight, temperature, clouds, precipitation, wind direction and wind speed.
Stevension Screen: Stevenson Screen: a wooden box with 4 legs used to measure humidity and air temperature.

Weather elements:

Temperature

Precipitation

Humidity

Air pressure

Wind speed

Wind direction

Stevenson Screen: a screen which is designed to provide a suitable condition for collecting data of weather; it’s used for storing instruments of measurement.

Climate: long-term average conditions of the atmosphere of a large area

Weather elements: temperature, rainfall, humidity, air pressure…

Stevenson Screen: a wooden box with 4 legs used to measure humidity and air temperature.

Weather - The short term atmospheric condition for a given area

Climate - The long term average condition for a given area 

- Temperature

- Wind

- Sunshine

- Rain 
- Humidity

What is Stevenson Screen?
Stevenson Screen is a shelter for meteorological instruments that prevent direct radiation and precipitation from outside sources while allowing air to circulate freely around them.

Australia has a rich resources but an extremely small work force. Hence, Australia is a good example of under populated country.

A pro-natality policy is a population policy which aims to encourage more births through the use of incentives. The pro-natality policy which is called “Code de la famille” is a policy passed by the government in order to encourage more births in France. It is a complex piece of pro natalist legislation.

France, officially called the republic of France, is a country in western Europe. The country also has several oversea territories and islands around the world, but the mainland of France stretches north to south from the North Sea and the English Channel to Mediterranean Sea and from Rhine River to Atlantic Ocean.

Since 1939 the French government passes the “Code de la famille”. French government promotes the pro-natality policy because the decline in fertility and the increase in life length has raised three concerns which are: A decrease in the supply of labour, the socioeconomic implications of population ageing and the long term prospect of population decline and demise.

The pro natalist methods in the policy includes offering cash incentives to mothers who stayed at home to care for children, subsidising holidays for families which have kids and also ban the sale of contraceptives (repealed in 1967).

The policies that were put in place to encourage three-children families were:

• A cash incentive of £675 monthly (nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child.

• The 'carte famille numbers' (large family card), giving large reductions on train fares which help with household expend for large families.

• Income tax based on the more children the less tax to pay.

• There will be a three-year paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers.

• Government-subsidised daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government.

Through this policy, France has been successful in increasing its fertility rate. At 2.08 is one of the highest fertility rate in Europe. This will benefit France in future by halting the decline in population. As the children born now reach to adulthood, they will be able to provide a workforce to support the French economy. They will also pay taxes that will help to provide the services needed to support the increasing number of elderly people. There will be less need to rely on immigration in order to fill jobs.

The more babies born the more absence in women in works. Women from low-income households often stop working when they have a child, with unanticipated consequences for their future careers. It might somehow effect the working population and employment rate.

The increase in babies being born does create demand for some services. Hence, there will be a shortage in high quality nannies to look after young children as mothers seek to return to work.

A rapid increase in housing costs since the mid-1980s, borne especially by large families, is a growing concern that has so far not been addressed comprehensively, despite the introduction of a family-based housing benefit. 

Bangladesh, to the east of India on the Bay of Bengal, is a South Asian country. It is a relatively small and resource-poor country with the land area of 147000km^2. However, the country has the 8th largest population in the world which means Bangladesh has high population density.

There are many problems brought by overpopulation in Bangladesh. Firstly, the lack of natural resources is a major factor in overpopulation in Bangladesh, as the population of its country has a rapid growth rate. 

Secondly, high population pressure and the deprivation associated with it is characteristics of both urban and rural areas. 4/5 of the population in Bangladesh live in rural areas, the overpopulation cause starvation and poverty. 

Thirdly, since the resources are finite, the country’s resources cannot feed the population. As a result, it causes a large number of social conflicts in Bangladesh. Dhaka in Bangladesh has become one of the most crowded city in the world with a population of 43000 per km^2.

Fourthly, living conditions are bad because of overpopulation, many people lack basic amenities such as electricity and clean drinking water. Most families have to survive in small and scattered settlements.

Last but not the least, because of overpopulation, there are not enough education and job opportunities for the large population which cause a high unemployment rate and a high crime rate.  

Under-population is when a region or country has insufficient workers to exploit their resources efficiently, to support retired populations and to provide growth.

Though USA and Australia are not very different in size, Australia has fewer than 25 million people compared to 300 million people in USA, 

In the country like Australia, under population will cause follow problems.

Firstly: Low level of Production and low value of exports – The Oil production is 4.82 billion barrels per day compared to 9.02 billion barrels per day. The value of exports is US$258.8 billion compared to US$1.564 trillion comparing to USA, Though USA and Australia are not very different in size, Australia has fewer than 25 million people compared to 300 million people in USA.

What’s more, it will also cause the shortage of workers, for the low birth rate and the high proportional of ageing population and retirement, the workers in Australia is quite a problem, and according to the statistic of Boston Consulting group, the shortage of workers will achieve 2.3 million in 2030.

Moreover, the inefficient usage of resources, the north territory of Australia is filled with rich resources, but for the shortage of workers, those resources can’t be developed and used in a efficient way or they may not be able to be used.

Lastly, is the high income acquired for native people. With the decreasing of working population, which was predicted that 43% of labor will retire in future 20 years, the workers with middle low wages was acquire with high tax payment, and the people with high wages is considering to migrate out for such a high tax acquirement.

Generally speaking, underpopulation will cause a dead circulation of a country form higher tax payment to the migration of high wage population, and the population will be lesser and lesser.

Population policy mostly refers to the policy carried out by government in order to control the growing, number of population. It is caused by under or over population in a county.

Population growth rate is the rate at which the number of individual at a population increases in a given period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population, like the country of China has the population growth rate of 0.4%.

About the population policy in China, firstly, since China has a large population about 1.4 billion, and at the time the one child policy was polished, china had no such a high economic level to sustain a huge country with millions of country, and during that period of time, the government more likely to promote economic instead of population. China then  carried out One-Child-Policy in 1979 in order to control the population.

Besides, China then push Two-Child-Policy out in 2015 and fully allowed two child at 2016. It’s because of the crises in birth rate and the population at that current time can’t provide enough cheap labors for country to compete with other countries since that china had no such high level technology.

Moreover, China started to polish three child policy in 2021. This is base on the ageing population in China, nowadays, Chinese composition of population has a large proportion of ageing population and they can’t provide enough working population, thus, China will like to allow three child policy.

Generally speaking, population policy is a policy which used to control population and and it can be flexible and suit to current situation.

 

Overpopulation means the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life, or a population crash. When overpopulation happens, we can find under characteristic, the rising of house price, and lack of occupations, the decrease of living standard and the traffic problems like traffic jam.

Like the sample country I choose: Singapore, it’s overpopulation was caused by an aging population coupled with dwindling birth rates, escalating housing prices, overcrowding, and caving infrastructure are just some of the factors responsible for the rising dissent among Singaporeans.

Firstly, it cause the overcrowding in Singapore, At the time of independence, many Singaporeans lived in the Central Area in overcrowded shopshouses; and it was thought to have theworst slum in the worldand the average person per building density was 18.2 by 1947  about 550,000 people lived in  squalid squatter settlements by 1966. It then led to overcrowding that would overwhelm employment opportunities and social services in education, health and sanitation. 

Beside it also cause serious traffic jam, according to the statistic, the percentage for vehicles to meat traffic jam in Singapore is 27%, and just at the time I’m writing this article, there is 14.1km traffic jam and 36 in total in Singapore. Despite the small territory it has which is only as large as Weihai city, it’s average traffic rate is higher than china, even china has 1.4 billion population.

Moreover, it will also cause high price of all kinds of object, it has almost highest object price in the whole Asian, you’ll have to spend 15 yuan to buy a white bread, but you can only spend 8 yuan to buy one in China.

Generally speaking, overpopulation will cause the over crowded city and traffic jam and also the high price object

It is characterized by the amount of materials carried by water and tide.

It formed step by step.

 

Firstly, A river moves more slowly as it nears its mouth, or end. This causes sediment, solid material carried downstream by currents, to fall to the river bottom.

Then, the slowing velocity of the river and the build-up of sediment allows the river to break from its single channel as it nears its mouth. Under the right conditions, a river forms a deltaic lobe. A mature deltaic lobe includes a distributary network—a series of smaller, shallower channels, called distributaries, that branch off from the mainstream of the river.

After all, in a deltaic lobe, heavier, coarser material settles first. Smaller, finer sediment is carried farther downstream. The finest material is deposited beyond the river's mouth. This material is called alluvium or silt. 

As silt builds up, new land is formed. This is the delta.

Country: Korea

1.     aging population  According to the definition of the United Nations, a country or region has entered an "aging society" when the number of people over 65 years old accounts for more than 7% of the total population, and a country or region becomes an "aging society" when the proportion exceeds 14%. South Korea has become one of the countries with the most serious aging problems in Asia. By the end of 2019, the number of people aged 65 or above in South Korea exceeded 8 million for the first time, accounting for 14.9 percent of the total population.

2.     The labor force has been decimated  Lack of labor force, there is not enough labor force will make the enterprises have to reduce production, then naturally will lead to the waste of resources

3.     The problem of insufficient military resources for national defense   South Korea requires male citizens between the ages of 20 and 28 to perform military service

A delta is a low-lying, almost flat landform, composed of sediments deposited where a river flows into a lake or an ocean. Deltas form when the volume of sediment deposited at a river mouth is greater than what waves, currents, and tides can erode. Deltas extend the coastline outward, forming new land along the shore. Deltas are wetlands formed when rivers discharge their silt and water into another body of water. The Nile delta features a characteristic delta structure as it flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The upper delta, which is impacted by the Nile's flow, is the landform's most inland component. The Mediterranean waves and tides have a stronger impact on the lower delta, which is vast and low-lying.

It takes a long time for a river delta to form. Rivers deposit mud, silt, sand, and gravel particles at the mouths where rivers and bigger, more sedentary bodies of water meet as they move toward their exits from higher altitudes. These particles (known as silt or alluvium) accumulate near the mouth over time, spreading into the ocean or lake.

As these regions continue to expand, the water gets shallower, and landforms begin to rise above the water's surface, often to slightly above sea level. When rivers deposit enough material to build these landforms or areas of elevated elevation, the remaining running water with the highest strength cuts across the ground, generating distributaries.

Once formed, deltas are typically made up of three parts: the upper delta plain, the lower delta plain, and the subaqueous delta.

The current eruptive phase began on 18 th July 1995 when large billowing clouds of ash and steam erupted from Soufriere Hills volcano in the south of the island.Before 1995 the Volcano was dormant for over 300 years. However in 1995 the Volcano had a large eruption causing major damage to the island and starting a series of chain eruptions with another large eruption in 1997. The eruption began on 18 July 1995 within English's Crater, which is a structure about 1 km in diameter with walls 100 to 150 m high, open to the East. The first four months of the eruption involved intense earthquake swarms and vigorous steam explosions, caused by rapid heating of the groundwater by rising magma. The magma reached the surface by mid-November 1995 and a new lava dome began to form. 

28 January 1998 The latest package of assistance to help Montserratians deal with the volcanic crisis on their island has brought the total amount committed by DFID(department of international development)  since July 1995 to =A351 million. 

A convective ash cloud was generated from the pyroclastic flows and surges, and reached about 47,000 feet (14.3 km) altitude.

Short-term responses and results

• Evacuation was carried out by the local government rapidly

• Abandonment of the capital city

• The British government gave money for compensation and redevelopment

• Unemployment rose due to the collapse of the tourist industry

Long-term responses and results

• An exclusion zone was set up in the volcanic region

• A volcanic observatory was built to monitor the volcano

• New roads and a new airport were built

• Services in the north of the island were expanded

• The presence of the volcano resulted in a growth in tourism

Montserrat’s population have had their lives completely changed. Jobs, schools and community activities have been disrupted. At one point 5,000 people were living in temporary shelters in the North, in some cases for over two years. The north of the island had few settlements of any size and found it difficult to cope with the influx from the South. Salem is now being repopulated and is being developed together with St Johns as new population centres. The following are some of the problems :

• Plymouth contained all the main services – hospitals, banks, schools, government and many private businesses.

• collapse of the tourist and rise-processing industries

• Unemployment has risen from 7% to 50%.

• Agriculture is at a standstill. • respiratory problems caused by ash.

• psychological problems and discontent with relocation package

• traffic congestion

• shortage of available lands

• 70% rise in rent for accommodation

• Skilled workers shortage as people left.

 

Name of river: the Yellow River

The Yellow River is located in China. There are many reasons for its flooding. First, heavy precipitation. There is heavy rainfall in the Yellow River’s area during summer. Precipitation makes the surface of the river rise, so flooding may happen. Second, the Yellow River contains a large amount of sand. This makes its riverbed rise because of deposition and therefore increases the risk of flooding. Third, there is not much vegetation near the Yellow River's area, so water that flood out is less likely to be absorbed. These reasons caused the river’s frequent flooding in the past.


Yellow river is not the real name of the river!

International migration refers to the movement of people from their place of usual residence and across an international border to a country of which they are not nationals/ it is characterized by two kinds of migration, immigration and emigration. The sample I studied which is the international migration form Mexico to USA, is the immigration to USA and emigration for Mexico. It is usually caused by push factor and pull factor, the factor in Mexico that cause Mexican to migrate to USA is push factor, and the factor lead Mexican to USA in USA is pull factor.

Firstly, the factor that cause Mexican to migrate to USA is different wages. According to the statistic, . As of June 2017, a manufacturing worker in Mexico earned approximately 2.3 U.S. dollars an hour, whereas the average salary in the U.S. stood at 20.8 U.S. dollars an hour.

Besides, occupation is also a pull factor in USA that attract Mexico to carry out international migration. According to the survey, USA has a population density of 35.71 and is a country which lack of labor, but Mexico has a population density of 64.91 per km^2, and a lot of people is underemployment.  This kind of great gap can be considered not only push factor but also pull factor.

Finally is the war and climate, which is a domain push factor for this migration. Recent research shows that n 2017, Mexico witnessed a record number of murders with 29,158 homicides recorded. Mexico is Latin America's most dangerous country for journalists according to the Global Criminality Index 2016.

We can see form the above description that the international migration form Mexico to USA is mostly caused by the lack of native economic opportunity and the low wage. Also, physically, the native violence and war is also a essential one. 

Objective of policy: Recently, from the data we can see that the increasing rate of china population was the lowest in almost 10 years. China’s population has grown by just 5.38% in past decade, the slowest tare since at least 1960s, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.

China's one-child policy, introduced in 1979, has limited couples to one child for 35 years in an effort to tackle overpopulation and alleviate poverty.In recent years, China's economy has been booming, and the needs of its population have also changed. Today, the government relies on a large, young workforce to support high levels of economic growth.To avert a population crisis, the Chinese government announced in 2015 that it would ease birth restrictions to allow a maximum of two children per family.At the same time, China's population is ageing rapidly, threatening its economic growth. Data from the 2020 Census show that the proportion of the population aged 65 or above has risen rapidly in the past decade, from 8.87 percent in 2010 to 13.5 percent in 2020. So recently, China decided to public the three child policy to solve the aging problems. All in all, Three child police is order to solve economics and aging problems in China.

A volcano is a landform, usually the size of a mountain, that is typically conical and has a cater and vent through which lava, hot gases, steam and rock fragments are or have been erupted through the crust of the Earth.

New Zealand’s Whakaari/White Island volcano lies at the northern end of the North Island’s ‘line of fire’ – a large volcanic plateau which stretches from the Bay of Plenty on the coast, to Mt Ruapehu inland. The line of fire forms part of the wider ‘Ring of Fire’ around the Pacific ocean. 

The water is trapped in the pores of the rock and is at high temperature. External influences, such as gas input from below, earthquakes or changes in water levels can release the pressure of trapped hot water below.

Experts confirmed that it was a phreatic eruption. A phreatic eruption involves the release of steam and volcanic gases, leading to an explosion that shoots rock and ash up to three kilometers into the air. Water expands to vapor at supersonic speeds, and liquids can expand up to 1,700 times their original volume. The energy of the expansion is enough to shatter the hard rock, creating a crater and hurling volcanic material several kilometers away.There were reportedly 47 people on the island when the volcano erupted. The accident left 18 people dead and 26 seriously injured, many of them seriously. Many surviving tourists on the island experienced lung burns as a result of inhaling sulfur dioxide and ash, as well as "very severe" deep tissue burns, some more than half their bodies.

Continued earthquake and volcanic activity in the area, followed by heavy rains, poor visibility and toxic fumes, have hampered recovery efforts.

Long term impact: economic in the tours business

2. range of temperature mean Identify the lowest number in the data set, as well as the highest number. Subtract the lowest number in the set from the highest number.

3.The diurnal range of temperature: It is calculated by subtracting the minimum temperature from the maximum temperature of the day

The mean annual temperature refers to the average of the maximum and minimum temperatures of a year, taking the mean average of the coldest month of the year and averaging it with the mean average of the hottest month of the year.

The annual range of temperature refers to the difference between the hottest and the coldest months by taking monthly mean temperatures in each case.

Diurnal range of temperature is the difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature.