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      <title>Legislation and Litigation by MBM Colon</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw</link>
      <description>Listing of laws and Supreme Court cases affecting Bilingual &amp; Special Education</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2020-09-30 12:30:35 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2026-03-31 20:21:59 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>1954 - Brown vs Topeka, Kansas Board of Education </title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791029254</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Landmark case calling for an end to segregation in U.S. Schools. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1siiQelPHbQ" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 12:50:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791029254</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1974 - Lau vs Nichols</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791049709</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In <a href="https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/ell/glossary.html#lau">Lau v. Nichols</a>, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the Department of Education's <a href="https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/ell/glossary.html#may%2025">May 25, 1970, Memorandum</a>, that directed school districts to take steps to help ELL students overcome language barriers and to ensure that they can participate meaningfully in the districts' educational programs.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/ell/legal.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 12:56:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791049709</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1985 - Jose P. vs Ambach </title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791074469</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Plaintiffs alleged that handicapped Hispanic children required bilingual-bicultural special education programs and were not being promptly evaluated and placed.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/557/1230/2239099/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 13:03:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791074469</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1982 -Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791121334</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This was the first special education case decided by the Supreme Court. In this case, the Court held that an IEP must be reasonably calculated for a child to receive educational benefit, but the school district is not required to provide every service necessary to maximize a child’s potential.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1002" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 13:14:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791121334</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>RESOURCE! </title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791127802</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Listing of landmark Supreme Court cases involving Special Education</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://specialeducationlawyernj.com/special-education-law/landmark-cases-in-special-education-law/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 13:16:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791127802</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1931 - The Mexican American struggle to end segregation</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791148093</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Article</strong>: Looking to end segregation 23 years before Brown vs Board of Ed.  </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.school-diversity.org/pdf/Valencia_The_Mexican_American_Struggle.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 13:21:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791148093</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1923 - Meyers v. Nebraska</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791177170</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In a major victory for language-minority parents and communities, the Supreme Court struck down the states' restrictive legislation, ruling, in essence, that whereas state governments can legislate the language used for instruction in schools, states may not pass laws that attempt to prevent communities from offering private language classes outside of the regular school system.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_yULJWwMVo" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 13:28:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791177170</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>1988- Honig v. Doe</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791198992</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This case looks at the rights of special needs students to receive an education and to have an IEP. Take a look at this quick video lesson and try the quiz. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://study.com/academy/lesson/honig-v-doe-summary-significance.html#lesson" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 13:32:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791198992</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1993 - U.S. Court of Appeals Oberti v. Board of Educ.,</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791397181</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Children with disabilities are entitled to be educated in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) that is appropriate to meet their needs. In this case, the Court adopted a two part test to determine whether a child has been placed in the least restrictive environment.  Take a look at the explanation on the LRE from Vanderbilt University. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/762165233/79ac3849693393356ece400ee03bd792/IRIS_Least_Restrictive_Environment_InfoBrief_092519.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 14:15:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791397181</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1975 - Aspira vs the NY Board of Ed. </title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791436660</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Class action to correct the injury to many thousands of public school children who speak Spanish and little or no English and were alleged to suffer discriminatory and inadequate schooling because the instruction offered them was mainly or only in English. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://aspira.yolasite.com/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 14:24:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791436660</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1983 - Lau remedies - Task Force Findings</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791512200</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Lau Remedies are policy guidelines for the education of English language learners, based on the ruling in the Lau vs. Nichols suit, mandating school districts' compliance with the civil rights requirements of Title VII</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://web.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/LAU/IAPolicy/IA3ExecLauRemedies.htm" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 14:39:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791512200</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>2006 - IDEA &amp; ELLs - Part B - Issue Brief</title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791522737</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The current IDEA Part B final regulations, released in 2006, continue to support appropriate service delivery to culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) populations. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.asha.org/Advocacy/federal/idea/IDEA-Part-B-Issue-Brief-Culturally-and-Linguistically-Diverse-Students/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 14:41:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791522737</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1972 - Mills vs Board of Education for the District of Columbia </title>
         <author>mbmcoloncal</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791565131</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Mills class action lawsuit was brought on behalf of seven school-age children who had been denied placement in a public educational program because of alleged disabilities.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.leagle.com/decision/19721214348fsupp86611090.xml" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-30 14:50:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/791565131</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>United States v. Texas (1971,1981)</title>
         <author>hszuksta</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/998049231</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This decision mandated schools in Texas to create programs that would help new Americans adjust to the culture and learn English. The decision relied on José Cardenas and his theory of incompatibilities, which blames the educational failure of students on the inadequacies of school programs rather than on students themselves. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/01472/cah-01472.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-12-08 13:55:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/998049231</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>English Learners with Disabilities: Shining a Light on Dual-Identified Students</title>
         <author>viam1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/1003700239</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Without a thoughtful plan of action and adequate funding, ELLs will most likely not be identified appropriately. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/reports/english-learners-disabilities-shining-light-dual-identified-students/the-federal-policy-and-funding-landscape" />
         <pubDate>2020-12-09 19:18:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/1003700239</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Diana vs. State Board of Education - 1968</title>
         <author>stanimira_ivanova</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/1003710799</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"A suit brought on behalf of Mexican American, Spanish-speaking children who had been placed in special education classes based on IQ tests in English, <strong>the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that testing for eligibility for special education services must be done in the dominant language of the student.</strong></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-12-09 19:20:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/1003710799</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>lfregeolle</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/1006583895</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/essatitleiiiguidenglishlearners92016.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-12-10 15:39:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/mbmcoloncal/d18jlhbvv23518qw/wish/1006583895</guid>
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