Coral Reefs and Ocean Acidification by Ashley Gaspar [Student FVHS]

What Is A Coral Reef?

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-29 17:56:12 UTC

A coral reef is created when hard corals extract abundant calcium from surrounding sea water. Therefore reefs are created by millions of tiny polyps that form large carbonate structures and reefs are home to millions of other species along with fish and other sea critters.

What Is Coral?

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-29 18:02:11 UTC

Coral(s) infact are animals not plants but people seem to think they are plants because they root from the ocean floor just like any plant would do on dry land.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-29 18:05:40 UTC

Coral belong to a large group of colorful animals called Cnidaria. They are in the same category as jelly fish and sea anemones.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-29 18:09:37 UTC

Coral are classified as "soft coral" and "hard coral". here are about 800 species of coral! Soft coral live in colonies and have no skeletal structure unlike hard coral.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-29 18:24:28 UTC

they are part of a larger ecosystem that also include mangroves and sea grass beds.

Global Treats To Coral Reefs

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-29 18:29:07 UTC

The greatest threat to coral reefs is rising water temperatures. The second greatest threat is ocean acidification that is linked to rising carbon dioxide levels in the water.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-29 18:30:12 UTC

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apgaspar101 — 2015-03-30 21:28:09 UTC

The high water temperature causes the coral to lose their microscopic algae that produces the food that coral need. This is called coral bleaching. Severe or prolonged coral bleaching can kill colonies and make them more vulnerable to other threats.

What is Symbiosis?

2015-03-30 21:30:28 UTC

Symbiosis comes from the words "sym" which means together and "biosis" which means life. Symbiosis occurs when when two organisms create a union in which each is benefited by the other.

What Is A Zooxanthellae?

2015-03-30 21:34:24 UTC

Zooxanthellae is in most reef-building coral. The corals and algae have a mutualistic relationship.

What is Biotic?

2015-03-30 21:35:18 UTC

Of, relating to, or resulting from living things, especially in their ecological relations.

What Is An Ecosystem?

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-30 21:35:52 UTC

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

What is Ocean Acidification?(OA)

gdphan101 — 2015-03-30 21:38:27 UTC

it is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere.

What is Abiotic?

2015-03-30 21:38:28 UTC

An abiotic components. These components can range from rocks to temperature to sunlight, clouds, and chemicals in the soil.

Parasitism

2015-03-30 21:48:11 UTC

a relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 00:42:41 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 02:44:45 UTC

Biologists recognize three main classes of symbiotic relationships in nature:

> mutualism

> parasitism

> commensalism

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 02:47:19 UTC

Mutualism

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 02:47:53 UTC

a relationship between two or more species in which they both benefit

Commenslism

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 02:50:02 UTC

a realationship in which one organism benefits from the other and the other one is neither helped nor harmed.

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apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:00:15 UTC

Padlet Wall By

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:03:42 UTC

Ashley Gaspar

Giovanni Phan

Anthony Phan

Cynthia Tran

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:10:24 UTC

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apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:17:39 UTC

Through the process of photosynthesis, they supply the coral with glucose, glycerol, and amino acids.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:23:12 UTC

The coral uses these products to make proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and produce calcium carbonate.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:25:23 UTC

In fact, as much as 90 percent of the organic material photosynthetically produced by the zooxanthellae is transferred to the host coral tissue.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:29:09 UTC

An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide released by humans into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans rivers and lakes.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:29:56 UTC

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apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:31:34 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:37:14 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:37:41 UTC

http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-acidification

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apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:47:39 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:49:12 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:50:10 UTC

http://coral.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Emily-M.-Eng_coral_crosssection_label.jpg

Page Siting

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:50:56 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:52:14 UTC

http://content.science20.com/files/tree%20corals.jpg

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:52:47 UTC

http://www.icriforum.org/about-coral-reefs/what-are-corals

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:53:31 UTC

http://ocean.si.edu/corals-and-coral-reefs

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 03:55:04 UTC

http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-acidification

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:00:34 UTC

https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&rlz=1C1CHWA_enUS597US597&ion=1&espv=2&es_th=1&ie=UTF-8#es_th=1&q=what%20is%20an%20ecosystem

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:01:29 UTC

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/abiotic.html#ixzz3VuKNa0jb

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:04:30 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:05:21 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:06:48 UTC

http://ocean.si.edu/sites/default/files/styles/465x300/public/photos/anemonefish-sizes.jpg?itok=T3fI-ZmH

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:11:55 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:12:24 UTC

http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/male-great-white-shark-and-pilot-fish-todd-winner.jpg

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:14:26 UTC

https://youtu.be/Wo-bHt1bOsw

Impacts of Ocean Acidification

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:20:01 UTC

Acidification may limit the coral growth by corroding away the corals skeletal structure while also affecting the growth of new and coming skeletons.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:24:16 UTC

Ocean acidification might even destroy a coral's home before it actually starts to build it.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:28:49 UTC

The acidity in the water weakens the skeletons of the coral and after long periods of time eventually, the skeletons erode away until here in nothing left and eventually, it could wipe out an entire coral colony.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 04:30:32 UTC

http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/65/3/414.short

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 19:26:39 UTC

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http://pmel.noaa.gov/co2/files/pmel-oa-imageee.jpg

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 19:32:17 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 19:35:06 UTC

In other words:

all living things

all living components in an ecosystem.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 19:36:44 UTC

This includes animal, plants and all the microorganisms

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 19:38:16 UTC

If an ecosystem has biotic components, it must also have abiotic components.

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 19:39:38 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-03-31 19:42:34 UTC

In other words:

all the non-living things in the ecosystem

l

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How Can We Fix It?

cseelt26113 — 2015-03-31 21:39:12 UTC

"Over 70% of global CO2 emissions are produced within city limits. Recognizing this, mayors from cities around the world have joined the C40 Cities Global Leadership Program. The program's goal is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in cities. Reducing the carbon footprint of the member cities involves municipalities encouraging utilization of alternate technologies, but also individuals willing to take any of the 11 steps recommended to reduce their personal CO2 footprint. Altering or stopping ocean acidification on human- relevant time-scales will ultimately depend upon reducing net CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Reducing nutrient loading could offer a short-term solution to the progression of ocean acidification in some locales."

What caused OA and why do we care?

2015-03-31 21:40:19 UTC

The people to blame for of Ocean Acidification is ourselves. One of the main reasons for how this started was us burning too much fossil fuel. Which not only affects our oceans, but also our atmosphere too. According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) ocean acidification can and will most likely change biodiversity, tourism, fishing industries, and the entire food web.

Ocean Acidification can potentially harm the Billion+ people around the world that depend on the food from the ocean. If there are not shellfish to eat, than there wont be any fish. But this might be good for those who fish for a living. The fishes will go down as the prices go up.

Basically do you remember you Filet O Fish at Mcdonalds? Know how its only $1.79 ? Well eventually the price will be raised eventually because of OA.

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-01 00:09:17 UTC

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-biotic-definition-factors-examples.html

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apgaspar101 — 2015-04-01 00:23:45 UTC

http://www.trackingsharks.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Tiger-Shark-Wallpaper-HD.jpg

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-01 00:24:53 UTC

http://www.bermuda-attractions.com/bermuda_i0001bd.jpg

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-01 00:27:06 UTC

http://www.earth911.com/eco-watch/nature/the-ocean-is-getting/

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-01 00:27:15 UTC

http://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/Home/Whatcanyoudo.aspx

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apgaspar101 — 2015-04-01 00:33:21 UTC

http://www.newsecuritybeat.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/pH-chart.png

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-01 21:44:35 UTC

Google Presentation

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-02 00:23:14 UTC

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-02 00:51:02 UTC

http://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/Home/Whatcanyoudo.aspx

apgaspar101 — 2015-04-02 00:51:43 UTC

http://www.ioos.noaa.gov/ocean_acidification/welcome.html