American Colonies-life of diversity by Jennifer Caligari

Legislature- the legislative body of a country or state

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Main Harvests: Corn, Tobacco, Wheat, Cotton

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Political Elites

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Methods of production partially adopted from Native American techniques, colonist ways were not as efficient

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Governor- chief law enforcement officer in the colony. Chief executive office of a colony

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1650 there were barely 50,000 people living in British Colonies. By 1750 this number increased to 1.2 million

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Small villages- 100-500 people

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A colonial legislature was elected by property holding males. But governors were appointed by the king and had almost complete authority — in theory. The legislatures controlled the salary of the governor and often used this influence to keep the governors in line with colonial wishes.

The thirteen colonies had three forms of government; provincial, charter and propriety.

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Southern colonies economies were based on agriculture as their regions soil was good for farming

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Rarely travelled due to the bad weather, muddy tracks, unreliable transport, and as it is difficult and dangerous due to the boarder regions of different colonies.

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Increase in population was due to a mass influx of immigrants, high birth rates, low childhood death rates

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In mid 1700s farmable land began to dry up and the 'promise of a farmers paradise became more expensive'.

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women could not: sign contracts, testify in court, enter taverns, public buildings, or most town meetings, vote in elections

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Population growth was much faster in the British colonies during the 1700s than in New France and Spain empires. As the English speaking colonies advertised the benefits of emerging into the new colonies.

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Education was completed at home, however farmers and their villages were highly literate

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Provincial colonies were also known as royal colonies and we all under the direct control of the King. He also granted a royal charter to joint stock companies to establish charter colonies.

If they were unable to get farm land they moved west to look for new land or paid work.

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Attitude to outsiders was cautious

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American Colonies had greater wealth, nutrition and living standards compared to European colonies

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The gentleman - men with wealth particualry inherited wealth

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Women were seen as the weaker sex. They were extensions of their husband as soon as they were married (typically in their late teens).

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commoners - Those who worked for a living

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English Rulers of Colonial America- 1607-1775

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James the VI and I

Charles I

Charles II

James II

Mary and William

Anne

George I

George II

George III

Wealthy Land owners- Gentry - Large tracks/best land

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Virginia: 1607, Population was 231,000 (1750), Economy was plantation farming, Tabaco, wheat, corn and cotton.

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Sires/Mister

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had few opportunities for formal education apart from some privately run academies and finishing schools

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Slaves were used to harvest: commonly used by farmers

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Many marriages were arranged for family or financial reasons rather than love. In some cases, approval from the bride's father was a legal requirement.

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Puritans:

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Puritans were English Protestants that believed that further reforms were necessary to create rigid fundamentalism within the Protestant Church. They fled to America to pursue their ideology and escape persecution.

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Catholics

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Catholic schools were banned in all colonies except Pennsylvania. Most of the New England colonies and the Carolinas prohibited Catholics from holding office. They were very anti-Catholics and the sentiments were shared among many colonies. Catholics were seen as insignificant.

Those that benefited from colonisation

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Massachusetts: 1620, Population was 188,000 (1750),Economy was fishing, corn, livestock, timber, shipping, shipbuilding

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Despite its apparent order and rigid social hierarchy, colonial American society had its share of tensions

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Churches against other churches
Colonies against neighboring colonies
Colonists against colonial politicians
Rich against poor
Rural areas against cities

Sybilla Masters - Inventor, however her inventions were granted to her husband instead of her.

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Alder/selectmen in many cases were apart of the Legislative Assembly, Considering themselves of high Intelligence, Civility, and registered for political converse and decision making

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lord proprietors owned proprietary colonies

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lord proprietor- person granted royal charter to establish a colony in America

New Hampshire: 1631, Population was 27,500 (1750), Economy was fishing, potatoes, textiles

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The King could only sign the charter, which made a colony a legititmate colony.

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charter colonies were self-governed.

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control of an individual, trading company, etc, and exempt from interference by the Crown.

Known as the "most powerful citizens of the colonies", not as powerful as there 'english' aristocrats but still lived better than others

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The Church of England

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William Penn established the Pennsylvania Anglican Church. It was large and influential in New York and New England. It maintained close links to Britain.

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Tensions were even greater for colonists who lived on the Western Frontier, which as the very edge of the British Empire. The dangers of the frontier, and the colonists' distance and disconnection from colonial cities meant that they made their own decisions and became very independent.

Maryland: 1634, Population was 141,100 (1750), Economy was farming, dye production, ironworks

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Benefit if; businessmen that were shared holders or investors for the Colonizing country

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The 13 colonies attempted to follow a similar governmental system to the UK. Charters were signed to give the king authority, and for him to give instructions toward a legitimate political system. The king was represented by the governor. Legislature and assembly passed laws

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Connecticut: 1636, Population was 111,300 (1750), Economy was wheat, corn, fishing

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Rhode island: 1638, Population was 33,200 (1750), Economy was livestock, dairy production, fishing, timber

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Team Photo

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They often disregarded the colonial government, which they saw as doing very little other than regulating land claims and collecting taxes. Occasionally this anti-government sentiment boiled over into uprising and rebellion.

New Jersey: 1664, Population was 71,400 (1750), Economy was timber and ironworks

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New York: 1664, Population was 76,700 (1750), Economy was Farming, dye production, shipbuilding and ironworks

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In the mid-Atlantic colonies like Virginia, enslaved people made up closer to 50% of the population by the mid-18th century.

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Slaves first arrived not long after european settlement in Jamestown first
Slavery was a vital part of Americas economics
Most slaves came from the west coast of Africa
They were purchased in large groups and sold by slave traders
Crammed into cargo ships below deck leg to leg
From six weeks to six months
Sold at auctions upon arrival
they were whipped while being over worked aswell as raped
They were forced to breed to create more slaves
There was a big demand of slave due to the massive cotton and tobacco fields

South Carolina: 1670, Population was 64,000 (1750), Economy was Plantation farming, rice, cotton, Tabaco, dye production

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Jamestown Church built 1607

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Pennsylvania: 1681, Population was 119,700 (1750), Economy was farming textiles, papermaking, timber, shipbuilding

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Delaware: 1682, Population was 28,700 (1750), Economy was fishing and timber

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North Carolina: 1710, Population was 73,000 (1750), Economy was plantation farming, tobacco, cotton

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Georgia: 1732, Population was 5200 (1750), Economy was plantation farming, rice, cotton, sugar

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South Carolina's economy was HEAVILY reliant on plantations and slavery

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Originally part of Carolina - was split off in 1712

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