♡ Each centriole is made up of a ring of nine groups of microtubules.

♡ There are three fused microtubules in each group.

♡ The two centrioles are arranged such that one is perpendicular to the other.

♡ During animal cell division, the centrosome divides and the centrioles replicate (make new copies).

 IMPORTANCE OF CENTRIOLE
✿ The main function of centriole is to help with cell division in animal cells

✿ The centrioles also help in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during cell division (mitosis).

✿ The second function of centrioles that we will focus on is ciliogenesis

WHAT IS CILIOGENESIS ?

ʕ·ᴥ·ʔ Ciliogenesis :  the building of the cell's antenna (primary cilia) or extracellular fluid mediation mechanism (motile cilium)

[THE STRUCTURE OF RER 🔬]
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Its main function is to produce proteins.
It is made up of cisternae, tubules and vesicles. The cisternae are made up of flattened membrane disks, which are involved in the modification of proteins. They are held together by the cytoskeleton. The rough endoplasmic reticulum also contains a perinuclear space, which is the space between the inner and outer phospholipid membrane. The membrane is continuous to the nuclear membrane. However, it isn’t continuous to the Golgi apparatus. Proteins are transferred from the Rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus via membrane-bound vesicles.
The reason why it is rough endoplasmic reticulum is because of the ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. These ribosomes are constantly being attached and detached from the ER because they are not part of the stable organelle. They attach when the ribosome begins to synthesis a protein which is going to be secreted (secretory pathway).

[THE FUNCTION OF RER 🔬]
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has a number of functions. One of the main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is to produce and process specific proteins. These are the exported through the secretory pathway. After they are exported via membrane vesicles, they can be sent to the Golgi Apparatus to be further processed or to organelles. They can even be exported to outside the cell and into another part of the body. Ribosomes also create proteins which are embedded into the rough endoplasmic reticulum for further processing (integral membrane proteins).

The space within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion is known as the matrix, which contains the enzymes of the Krebs (TCA) and fatty acid cycles, alongside DNA, RNA, ribosomes and calcium granules.

The inner membrane contains a variety of enzymes. It contains ATP synthase which generates ATP in the matrix, and transport proteins that regulate the movement of metabolites into and out of the matrix.

The inner membrane is arranged into cristae in order to increase the surface area available for energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.

FUNCTION :-

The mitochondrion is the site of ATP synthesis for the cell. The number of mitochondria found in a cell are therefore a good indicator of the cell’s rate of metabolic activity; cells which are very metabolically active, such as hepatocytes, will have many mitochondria.

Mitochondria also have a role to help maintain the intracellular environment. They:

In brown adipose tissue mitochondria have an alternative function of heat production using the electron transport chain.