4-7: Superalloy is to be selected as the material. Superalloy is a composite metal which has a very strong mechanical properties and is a heat conductor. This material could absorb heat from the surrounding and especially in a broad daylight might be very hot. This could impose hazard if no proper safety planning is conducted on how to avoid the situation. 

Relating to the storage condition, a heat insulator material should be used in the storage compartment. By doing this, the spread of fire could be avoided and thus no further explosion would happen.

 

5-5: Giant sphere is to be selected as the form of the sculpture. In the case of sculpture break, the giant sphere might roll down and impose hazard to the surrounding. Emergency planning should be strategized in order ensure safety of the sculpture. 

The spherical shape of the sculpture would also remind the public of the shape of the explosion to ensure process safety to be taken as priority to avoid such incident in the future.

-       Easy to burn, without proper safety system 

 

Dome (high strength steel) and passive containment (storage)

-       the harder the material, reduce the impact 

 

Sphere (stainless steel) and design flaw (materials of construction)

-       contradiction to the sphere where it should be perfect (the warehouse’s systems)

 

Memorial stone (glass) and engineering practice (design codes and standard employed)

-       a crack will slowly lead to disaster (break)

4. Pyramid

2. Unidentified hazard

The hazards located at the top of the pyramid. When it cannot be identified, it will create more problems which show by the levels beneath it

7. Wood

6. Lack of humidity control

for wood, it symbolizes that it is not good to withstand and control humidity

10. Reinforced concrete

3. Exceeding threshold

reinforced concrete symbolizes that the structure is strong enough to withstand the damage threshold of the incident.

·       The connection between granite and thermal or chemical stability data exists as the characteristics of granite in terms of its thermal and chemical stability contributes to the Beirut Explosion. 

·       In general, it is important for any plant to have the information of every materials that exists in their plant, inclusive of the thermal and chemical stability. 

·       Hence, this justify the need of process knowledge management, as similar incident that occurred in Beirut will not happen again in the future. 

·       In conclusion, the sculpture would be a granite sculpture that portrays a stability data or any information so that the community will be reminded on the importance of process knowledge.

 

4. Stainless steel – replica of the molecular structure of ammonium nitrate 

5. Stone – memorial stone 

10. Carbon fibre – pyramid 

 
List Two 
3. Process chemistry 

7. Less clarity of instruction 

9. Bad leadership 

10  – 9 
The pyramid sculpture can portray the failed management system in the company that neglect the possible hazards that can cause by the enormous amount of ammonium nitrate stored. The process safety system of the company failed to do a thorough hazard analysis such as HAZOP and risk analysis assessment.

 4 - 3 
The sculpture of the molecular structure of ammonium nitrate which is made from stainless steel can be built to portray the process chemistry or reactions occurred when ammonium nitrate is exposed to a source of ignition. Apart from that to commemorate the main cause of this incidents which is the hazardous chemical, ammonium nitrate.

5- 7 
The Memorial Stone represents the less clarity of instruction given to the workers involved. As the clarity of instructions are less and not solid, it caused a disastrous event. Thus, the memorial stone is a reminder that the instructions should always be clear and solid.

1) Stone – Fertilizer sack 

2) Bronze – Sphere (plume) 

3) Clay – Exploded vessel sculpture 

4) Marble – Memorial plaque 

5) Terracotta – People holding phone (filming)

1) Inappropriate storage location 

2) Lack of temperature control 

3) Poor emergency handling 

1)      5 and 3: 

• The sculpture of a person (or people) holding phone is made from terracotta to represent the personnel who were involved in the Beirut explosion that were unaware of how to handle the potential disaster as they decided to record the incident instead of evacuating. 

2)      3 and 2:

 • The exploded vessel signifies the lack of temperature control at the warehouse. The personnel did not take into consideration of the parameters of the storage as they assumed that the material is always in safe condition. 

3)      1 and 1: 

• The sculpture is in the shape of the fertilizer sack that is spilling over which signifies that the hazardous chemical was not properly stored.