if unauthorised personnel can gain access to the areas they can cause a lot of accidents, for example they could cause disruption to the ground operartions.

gates and security doors left opened and unmanned?

leaving gates and security doors open can cause unauthorised personel to enter and could cause potential theft and vandalism.

unmanned doors can cause safety risks, such as individuals accidentally entering dangerous zones, which could lead them becoming a saftey risk.

lending ID badges to colleagues/friends?

lending id badges to colleagues or friends can cause several potential security risk, for example when id badges are shared it becomes very difficult to track, it can also cause incidents and emergencies.

Fake passports and travel documents?

Having fake passports and travel documents is a potential security risk for several different reasons for example, fake documents can facilitate identity theft and this allows individuals to assume false identities. Also criminals may use fake travel documents to encase the law enforcement, or plan terrorist activities.

Passengers attempting to get dangerous goods or weapons into the passenger cabin?

passengers attempting to get dangerous goods and weapons into the passenger cabin is a threat because, there is a risk of violence for example, weapons that are in the cabin can lead to violent incidents, hijacking hostage situations and could also cause attacks on the crew.

Dangerous goods are also a threat because these items can be explosive and could potentially damage the aircraft and can endanger the passengers onboard.

Carrying items through for an unknown person?

Carrying items through for an unknown person can be a potential security threat because, you may not know what the items are and they could end up being illegal or dangerous risks, which could cause a risk to yourself and others.

Another example is if something harmful or illegal is discovered although they are not your items you will still be responsible for carrying those items and could lead to legal consequences.

Leaving unattended baggage?

Leaving unattended baggage is a potential security risk because, unattended bags may be perceived as potential bombs or could contain explosives, which could lead in the airport being evacuated.

Another reason is unattended bags could be a loss of personnel belongings, and can at risk of being stolen, which could potentially lead to identify theft, or loss of valuable items.

If the area is safe to do so ground personnel will attempt to secure the doors and gates to prevent unauthorised access whilst they wait for security to arrive.

this has since been changed to

then second one is called aviation and maritime security act 1990

The Anti-terrorism crime and security act 2001 is a UK law that mainly focuses on enhancing the security measures against terrorism and criminal activity. the key features include measures to include the security of the dangerous substances, powers to inspect premises, freezing assets of suspected terrorists.

all passports would be checked for validity and authenticity

they will be looking for if the picture matches the passenger that is presenting it.

they will also be asking questions like

"did you pack your own bags today"

"has anyone given something for you to carry through with them"

"have you left any of your bags unattended at any point"

The next step would be the security checks as the passengers leave land side and enter air side.

they will be making sure that all passengers have a boarding pass and a ticket.

all passengers will go through a metal detector and all bags will be x rayed.

most passengers will go through a 360 body scanner, sometimes random passengers will be body frisked, bags will be searched if there was something suspicious.

At the boarding gate to the aircraft

once you get to the boarding gate all passengers will have their boarding passes checked before you will be allowed to enter the aircraft. this will ensure that all the passengers onboard, are the passengers are correct according to the passenger check in list.

sometimes there will be random checks so not to form a pattern that could be worked out by anyone trying to beat the system.

if you have been asked for a random check, passenger hands would be checked for metal fragments, that would show us if they have been involved in a suspicious activity.

All passengers are to be checked before being permitted to board the aircraft. The aircraft is not allowed to take off with too many passengers missing, or any missing passengers before knowing what the situation is. This could lead to bags not being off loaded and the passengers missing their flights.

procedures and protocols

it is very essential that all staff members who work in the airline industry also follow the procedures and protocols. that they are outlined by their companies who are governed by CAA and the aviation legislation.

A- Authorised

the loaders that have access to the sensitive areas of the aircraft, which could sometimes be without anyone else overseeing the actions to what is put onboard.

All ground staff must be authorised to work air side. the security checks will be carried out on all staff members who work in the aviation industry.

The second A is Accountable

They load the luggage into the aircraft, they also allow PAX who have not been screened into the passenger cabin.

Allow passengers to board the aircraft without having the correct documents and are not taking responsibility for who is onboard the aircraft.

If there is someone with the TOB a inspection would happen to confirm that the TOB is carried out.

If there are too many passengers missing it becomes a security threat.

The last A is Authentic

All ground staff who work alongside the aircraft must make sure that they are signing and reading the authentic documents, for example loading sheets and cargo documents.

Passengers who do not have boarding passes will not be allowed to board the aircraft.

Ground staff who are working as PSA in the terminal will have the responsibility of checking all the passports and making sure they are all authentic.

All passengers must have a valid passport to be able to board the aircraft.

1.3 Describe personal responsibility with regards to aviation risks, to include:

• passengers 

• ground personnel

  
  

  passengers need to comply with all security procedures, they also need to follow instructions from the aviation staff, passengers also must report any suspicious activity if they see anything.

• ground personnel are responsible for ensuing the safety and security of the aircraft and the passengers. they do this by following procedures and conducting inspections. they will also report any potential risks or hazards.

• 
  

  1.4 Explain the main role for the following regulatory bodies and include the full term for each body:

  • CAA Civil aviation authority is a regulatory body overseeing aviation safety and related aspects.

  • IATA International Air Transport Association is the trade association for the world’s airlines. the role of IATA is to set the technical standards for the airlines.

  • EASA European union aviation safety agency, it is the central agency of the European union, and is reasonable for ensuring a high and uniform level of safety, in civil aviation across Europe. EASA also develops common safety rules.

  • DfT department for transport, a uk government body, or a density functional theory. it is a computational method used in physics.

  • FAA stands for the federal aviation administration,it is a US federal government agency within the US department of transportation that regulates civil aviation, in the united states and surrounding international waters.