According to the book How to be a Good Teacher, a good teacher should be:  knowledgeable, adaptable, engaging, empathetic, organized a clear communicator, encouraging, and reflective.

2. Why do we say that language is a cake?

Because it matters how we present it, as well as the content of a language. A cake should be appetizing, and our lessons as future teachers should be engaging.

3. In what aspects are acquisition and learning different?

Acquisition and learning are different in how we gain language skills, acquisition happens naturally. People acquire a language by being around it, listening, and using it in real situations. For example, children acquire their first language at home without formal lessons and learning is more formal. It happens when someone studies the language willingly, like in a classroom. It involves learning grammar rules, doing exercises, and focusing on how the language works. Acquisition is natural and unconscious, while learning is planned and conscious.

4. What is the difference between ESL and EFL?

ESL (English as a Second Language):

People learn English in a country where English is the main language. For example, someone learning English while living in the United States or the UK. Learners use English in their daily life outside the classroom, like at work, shopping, or talking with neighbors.

EFL (English as a Foreign Language):

People learn English in a country where English is not the main language. For example, someone learning English in Japan or Honduras. Learners usually use English only in class, not in their daily life.

5. What does proficiency mean?

Proficiency means how good someone is at doing something, especially using a skill like speaking a language. For example, if someone has English proficiency, it shows how well they can understand, speak, read, and write in English. It often refers to being skilled and fluent. In language learning, proficiency levels are often divided into categories, like beginner, intermediate, or advanced, or according to systems like CEFR (A1 to C2).

6. How is practice related to motivation?

Motivation causes people to practice more, practice makes you better which increases motivation.

7. What are the good and bad practices in a teacher?

Good practices are when a teacher provides feedback, balances content with practice, and give time to the students to develop activities. Now bad practices would be the opposite of the good practices for example not giving feedback, focusing too much on theory and rushing activities.

8. What do we use the CEFRL for?

As teachers, we use the CEFRL (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) to: Assess Students' Levels: The CEFRL helps categorize learners into six levels (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2), which describe their skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

Plan Lessons: Teachers can design lessons and activities that match the students' levels, ensuring the material is not too easy or too hard.

Set Goals: It helps create clear learning objectives, like "By the end of this course, students will be able to write a B1-level email."

Evaluate Progress: Teachers can track how students move from one level to another and identify areas where they need more support.

Use International Standards: The CEFRL makes it easier to compare students' language abilities across countries and programs since it is widely recognized.

9.  Which English teaching method is outdated?

One outdated English teaching method is the Grammar-Translation Method. Here’s why: This method focuses on translating sentences between the target language (English) and the students’ native language. Students memorize grammar rules and vocabulary lists. And it is outdated because it doesn’t focus on speaking or listening, so students often can’t use English in real conversations. It makes learning boring because there’s little interaction or creativity. It doesn’t prepare students for natural communication or real-world situations.

10. What are the most preferred teaching methods?

The Communicative Approach and Task-Based Learning are preferred because they focus on practical use and real-life communication in English. They are better because:

1. Communicative Approach:

Focus on Communication: This method emphasizes speaking, listening, and using English in real-life situations instead of just memorizing rules.

Active Learning: Students practice conversations, role-plays, or debates, making learning interactive and engaging.

Builds Confidence: By using English in meaningful ways, students feel more comfortable speaking.

2. Task-Based Learning (TBL):

Learning by Doing: Students complete tasks (e.g., planning a trip, solving a problem) where they use English naturally.

Real-World Skills: Tasks prepare students for situations they might face outside the classroom, like giving directions or writing an email.

Focus on Fluency and Accuracy: TBL encourages students to try using English while still improving grammar and vocabulary in context.

Methodology is a system of practices and procedures that a teacher uses to teach.

-          What is the difference between exercise and task?

Exercises provide controlled practice to build language skills, while tasks encourage learners to apply their language knowledge in meaningful, real-world contexts.

-          What principles do teachers use to implement smart teaching?

1.      Learning must be built on prior knowledge.

2.      All learners organize knowledge differently.

3.      Students’ motivation determines, directs, and sustains what they do to learn.

4.      Mastery is complex, and takes both time and practice.

5.      The quality of students’ learning is based on practice and feedback.

6.      Students’ current level of development interacts with the social, emotional, and
intellectual climate of the course to shape learning.

7.      To become self-directed learners, students must learn to monitor and adjust
their approaches to learning.

-          What is the difference between language acquisition and language learning?

Language acquisition is the unconscious process of learning a language while being exposed to it regularly, on the other hand, language learning involves using a formal education method to study language.

-          Why the direct method is known as the natural approach?

The direct method was developed as a reaction to the grammar-translation method. It was considered as natural approach because students learn the target language in the most natural manner, they avoid to practice translation and grammatical rules.

-          What is the difference between TBL and PBL?

TBL focuses on specific language skills through shorter, focused tasks, while TBL emphasizes learning through longer, more complex projects. The goal of TBL is to develop language proficiency, while PBL aims to apply knowledge and skills to real-world problems.

-          What is affective filter?

A theoretical construct in second language acquisition that describes how emotional states can either facilitate or hinder language learning.

When you’re feeling anxious, stressed, or self-conscious the filter rises blocking language input, but when you’re relaxed, confident and motivated the filter lowers, allowing language input.

-          What is self-awareness?

The ability to understand your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It involves recognizing your strengths and weaknesses, your motivations, and how you react to different situations.

Self-awareness can help you identify what motivates you to learn a language, what you’re learning style is, and what obstacles might be hindering your progress.

-          Why affective filter and self-awareness id important to teachers?

Because teacher can actively work to lower students’ affective filters by creating a supportive, and encouraging classroom atmosphere. Teachers can using positive reinforcement, providing opportunities for success and minimizing anxiety situations.

When teachers understand “self-awareness” they impact effectively with students, colleagues and parents. Recognize their strengths and weaknesses teachers can build strong, and respectful relations with students.

-          What is an eclectic approach and what are its key characteristics?

It is a teaching method that combines various techniques and strategies from different teaching methodologies. Teachers select and implement the most appropriate tools for specific objectives and student needs.

Key characteristics:

Flexibility: Adapts to diverse learners and learning situations.

Personalization: Tailors instruction to individual needs and preferences.

Creativity: Encourages innovative and engaging teaching methods.

Balance: Combines structured and unstructured learning experiences.

Learner-Centered: Prioritizes the active involvement of learners.

R=/ Is the system of methods, techniques, procedures a teacher uses to teach.

2.    What is a task?

R=/ Something undergone by students using pre-existing or scaffolded language resources.

3.    What is extrinsic motivation?

R=/ When an individual is motivated by outside factors or other people.

4.    What is Interpersonal Intelligence?

R=/ The ability to work effectively with other people.

5.    What is an objective?

R=/ A statement that describes what students will be able to do upon completion of an instructional experience.

6.    What are the 7 research-based principles for smart teaching?

     R=/ Prior Knowledge, organize knowledge, motivation, mastery, practice coupled with targeted feedback, development and self-directed learner.

7.    What is the CEFRL and when did it begin?

R/= The CEFLR represents a means of developing language teaching in Europe by identifying the objectives and standards of achievement of learners in different national context and began in 1950’s.

8.    What are the 6 different levels of performances in the Global Scale?

R/= Basic A1 and A2

Independent B1 and B2

Proficient user C1 and C2

9.    In which year the classical method came to be known as grammar translation method?

R/= In 1850’s

10.  The direct method was founded by whom?

R/= Was founded by Francois Gouin, in 1860.

The communicative approach focuses on teaching students to communicate effectively in real-life situations. It emphasizes interaction, fluency, and practical use of language. Teachers encourage students to engage in conversations, role-plays, and tasks that reflect real-life scenarios. 

The grammar-translation method, on the other hand, focuses on translating texts between languages and learning grammar rules. It places heavy emphasis on reading and writing, often neglecting speaking and listening skills. Grammar is taught explicitly, and vocabulary is memorized through translation exercises. 

2. What are the key principles of the task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach?  

• Focus on meaning: TBLT emphasizes real communication and uses tasks that simulate real-world situations, where meaning is more important than form. 

• Learning through doing: Students complete tasks (e.g., planning a trip, solving a problem) that require them to use English in context. 

• Output-driven: Students produce language while working on tasks, which helps reinforce learning. 

3. What is the role of scaffolding in English language teaching? 

Scaffolding refers to the support and guidance provided by the teacher to help students perform tasks that they cannot yet do independently. This may include providing hints, breaking tasks into smaller steps, or modeling language use. As students develop their skills, the scaffolding is gradually removed, allowing them to complete tasks on their own. Scaffolding encourages learning by providing the necessary support at each stage of the process. 

4. What is the flipped classroom approach in English language teaching? 

The flipped classroom approach is a teaching model where students first encounter new content outside of class, often through videos or reading assignments, and then engage in active learning during class time. In an English language class, this might involve watching a video or reading a text on a topic before class. Then, during class, students participate in discussions, complete exercises, or work on projects that apply what they have learned. This approach allows for more interactive, student-centered learning. 

5. What is the difference between explicit and implicit teaching of grammar? 

Explicit grammar teaching involves directly teaching grammar rules and structures to students. Teachers explain the rules and provide examples, with students being aware of the rules they are learning. 

Implicit grammar teaching, on the other hand, focuses on teaching grammar through exposure to the language in context. Students learn the rules naturally by hearing and using the language, without the teacher explicitly pointing out the rules. This approach is often associated with communicative language teaching and emphasizes fluency over accuracy in the early stages of learning. 

6. How does cooperative learning work in English language teaching? 

Cooperative learning involves students working in small groups to achieve a shared learning goal. This approach encourages collaboration and peer support. In an English language classroom, students might work together to solve problems, complete tasks, or practice language skills such as speaking, writing, or reading. Cooperative learning promotes social interaction and helps students learn from one another, enhancing both their language proficiency and interpersonal skills. 

7. What is the purpose of realia in language teaching? 

Realia refers to real-world objects and materials that teachers bring into the classroom to help students connect language learning to authentic experiences. Examples include maps, newspapers, menus, brochures, or everyday objects that are relevant to the topic being taught. The use of realia helps make lessons more engaging, visual, and contextual, providing students with the opportunity to interact with language in a way that is meaningful and reflective of the real world. 

8. What is the role of the student in the language learning process? 

In the language learning process, students are expected to be active participants, engaging with lessons, completing assignments, and practicing their skills both inside and outside the classroom. They should take responsibility for their learning by setting personal goals, seeking out additional resources when needed, and reflecting on their progress.

9. What are the key qualities of an effective English language teacher? 

An effective English language teacher should possess several key qualities, including patience, as language learning can be slow and difficult for students. Strong communication skills are essential for explaining concepts clearly and ensuring students understand. Creativity is important for designing engaging lessons and activities, while cultural sensitivity helps the teacher understand and respect the diverse backgrounds of their students. Teachers must also be adaptable, adjusting their methods to meet students' evolving needs, and enthusiastic, as their passion for teaching can inspire students. Empathy allows teachers to connect with students, recognizing and addressing their individual challenges and emotions. 

10. What is the affective filter, and how does it impact language learning? 

The affective filter is a concept from language acquisition theory that refers to the emotional factors that can influence a learner's ability to absorb and process a new language. When learners feel anxious, stressed, or unmotivated, their affective filter is high, meaning they are less likely to engage with the language and may have difficulty learning effectively, but when learners feel confident, relaxed, and motivated, their affective filter is low, which creates a more conducive environment for language learning. We as teachers can lower the affective filter by fostering a positive and supportive classroom atmosphere, providing encouragement, and reducing pressure, allowing students to learn more effectively. 

2 Why is prior knowledge important in learning?
Answer: Prior knowledge is essential because learning must connect to what students already know. However, if prior knowledge is incomplete or inaccurate, it can hinder rather than help learning.

3 What is learning?
Answer: Learning is a process, not a product. It involves a change in knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, or attitudes, and it is the result of how students interpret and respond to their experiences.

4 What is blended learning?
Answer: Blended learning combines traditional teaching methods with online techniques, such as web pages, discussion boards, or emails.

5 What is the main difference between acquisition and learning?
Answer: Acquisition is the ability to use language in real-life situations, while learning involves recalling and understanding information, often focused on rules and grammar.

6 What is the affective filter in language learning?
Answer: The affective filter is a concept describing how emotions like anxiety or frustration can block the flow of information, while a low affective filter facilitates learning.

7 What are the two modes of learning compared to a camera?
Answer: The "zoom lens" focuses on specific details like grammar rules, while the "wide-angle lens" helps understand general meaning and overall structure.

8 What is the difference between a teaching method, strategy, and technique?

Answer:

A method is a systematic procedure or plan for teaching based on an approach.

A strategy is a long-term plan designed to achieve specific goals, like using learning stations or interviews.

A technique is a specific activity or task to accomplish a teaching goal, such as choral repetition or questioning.

9 What strategies can teachers use to encourage self-directed learning?
Answer: Teachers can promote self-monitoring, use rubrics to clarify goals, and provide opportunities for reflection and adjustment.

10 How does Stephen Krashen's "i+1" concept relate to language learning?
Answer: It suggests that learning occurs when students are exposed to input slightly above their current level, challenging them while remaining understandable.

1.     What is an eclectic approach in language teaching?

R/ The eclectic approach combines principles from various teaching methods and approaches, depending on the lesson objectives and students need.

2.     What is the role of a teacher in the eclectic approach?

R/ The teacher is a facilitator or guide, selecting appropriate methods and approaches based on studen needs and being flexible in their application.

3.     What is the zone of proximal development?

R/ It refers to the different between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance.

4.     What is the significance of body language in teaching?

R/ Nonverbal communication, including body language, can account for up to 80% of communication and greatly impact student learning.

5.     What is scaffolding in teaching?

R/ Scaffolding is a teaching technique where teachers provide support at various stages, gradually removing it as students become more independent.

6.     What are scaffolding strategies?

R/ Scaffolding strategies incluida visual aids, using the first language, modeling graphic organizers

7.     Why is teacher feedback important in the classroom?

R/ Feedback helps correct student’s mistakes, boosts their confidence, and reinforces learning

8.     What is the difference between approach and method in language teaching?

R/ An approach is a broad view of teaching, while a method refers to the specific activities and techniques used to implement that approach.

9.     What is the importance of practice in language learning?

R/ Practice helps learners reinforce and retain language skills, making them more confident and proficient.

10.  What is the role of students in the eclectic approach?

R/ Students must be active participants, adaptable to different methods collaborate with peers, and reflect on their learning journey.

1. What is an eclectic approach in language teaching?

R/ The eclectic approach combines principles from various teaching methods and approaches, depending on the lesson objectives and students need.

2.What is the role of a teacher in the eclectic approach?

R/ The teacher is a facilitator or guide, selecting appropriate methods and approaches based on student needs and being flexible in their application.

3. What is the zone of proximal development?

R/ It refers to the different between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance.

4. What is the significance of body language in teaching?

R/ Nonverbal communication, including body language, can account for up to 80% of communication and greatly impact student learning.

5.What is scaffolding in teaching?

R/ Scaffolding is a teaching technique where teachers provide support at various stages, gradually removing it as students become more independent.

6.What are scaffolding strategies?

R/ Scaffolding strategies incluida visual aids, using the first language, modeling graphic organizers

7. Why is teacher feedback important in the classroom?

R/ Feedback helps correct student’s mistakes, boosts their confidence, and reinforces learning

8.     What is the difference between approach and method in language teaching?

R/ An approach is a broad view of teaching, while a method refers to the specific activities and techniques used to implement that approach.

9.     What is the importance of practice in language learning?

R/ Practice helps learners reinforce and retain language skills, making them more confident and proficient.

10.  What is the role of students in the eclectic approach?

R/ Students must be active participants, adaptable to different methods collaborate with peers, and reflect on their learning journey.

1. What is an eclectic approach in language teaching?

R/ The eclectic approach combines principles from various teaching methods and approaches, depending on the lesson objectives and students need.

2.What is the role of a teacher in the eclectic approach?

R/ The teacher is a facilitator or guide, selecting appropriate methods and approaches based on student needs and being flexible in their application.

3. What is the zone of proximal development?

R/ It refers to the different between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance.

4. What is the significance of body language in teaching?

R/ Nonverbal communication, including body language, can account for up to 80% of communication and greatly impact student learning.

5.What is scaffolding in teaching?

R/ Scaffolding is a teaching technique where teachers provide support at various stages, gradually removing it as students become more independent.

6.What are scaffolding strategies?

R/ Scaffolding strategies incluida visual aids, using the first language, modeling graphic organizers

7. Why is teacher feedback important in the classroom?

R/ Feedback helps correct student’s mistakes, boosts their confidence, and reinforces learning

8.What is the difference between approach and method in language teaching?

R/ An approach is a broad view of teaching, while a method refers to the specific activities and techniques used to implement that approach.

9.What is the importance of practice in language learning?

R/ Practice helps learners reinforce and retain language skills, making them more confident and proficient.

10. What is the role of students in the eclectic approach?

R/ Students must be active participants, adaptable to different methods collaborate with peers, and reflect on their learning journey.

   -We say that languages are like a cake because they have multiple layers. Each layer—such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and culture—combines to form a complete language, just as various ingredients come together to create a cake.

2. Why is teacher feedback important in the classroom?

   -Teacher feedback is essential because it helps students understand their mistakes, improve their skills, and deepen their knowledge. It guides learners toward better performance and boosts motivation by showing progress.

3. What is an eclectic approach in language teaching?

   -An eclectic approach in language teaching refers to the use of a combination of different teaching methods and techniques to meet the diverse needs of students. It involves selecting elements from various approaches based on context, learner characteristics, and learning goals.

4. What is the PPP framework in language teaching?
      -The PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production) framework is a structured method for teaching language. First, the teacher presents new language (Presentation), then students practice it in controlled activities (Practice), and finally, they use the language in more open, communicative tasks (Production).

5. What is the zone of proximal development?

   -The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept introduced by Vygotsky, referring to the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance or collaboration. It highlights the importance of providing appropriate support to help learners achieve higher levels of understanding.

6. Why is classroom interaction important?
      -Classroom interaction is crucial because it promotes active use of the language, enhances communication skills, and creates an environment where students can practice speaking, listening, and problem-solving in a social context. It also fosters engagement and motivation.

7. What is scaffolding in teaching?
      -Scaffolding in teaching refers to the support provided by the teacher or peers to help students complete a task or learn a concept they cannot fully grasp on their own. This support is gradually reduced as learners gain competence, promoting independence.

   
   

8. What does Jeremy Harmer say about teaching pronunciation?
      -Jeremy Harmer emphasizes the importance of teaching pronunciation as an integral part of language learning. He suggests that students should learn not only individual sounds but also stress, intonation, and rhythm, as these elements are key for effective communication.

   
   

9. What does it mean to say that a language is like a camera?
      -Saying that a language is like a camera suggests that a language captures and reflects the culture, history, and worldview of its speakers. Just as a camera captures moments, a language preserves and expresses the identity and values of a community.

   
   

10. What are the differences between TBL (Task-Based Learning) and PBL (Project-Based Learning)?
        -TBL (Task-Based Learning) focuses on completing specific, real-life tasks that help students practice language in context. PBL (Project-Based Learning) involves working on longer-term projects that require collaboration, problem-solving, and the creation of a final product, often integrating multiple skills and disciplines.
    

1.       What is The Eclectic Approach ?

 The eclectic approach to language teaching is the use of several methods in the same class because each of the individual methods has strengths and weaknesses.

2.       What is the direct method?

 The main idea of the direct method is that it uses only the target language that learners are trying to learn. It aims to immerse the learner in the same way as when learning a first language.

3.       What is suggestopedia?

Suggestopedia is a language teaching method that uses relaxation, music, and positive suggestions to create a stress-free and engaging learning environment, enhancing memory and language acquisition.

4.       What is cooperative and collaborative learning method?

Cooperative and collaborative learning method is a teaching method where students work together in small groups to achieve common goals, share knowledge, and solve problems, emphasizing teamwork and mutual support.

5.       What is the teacher’s role in cooperative and collaborative method?

The teacher's role in the cooperative and collaborative method is to act as a facilitator and guide, ensuring that students work effectively together.

6.       What is the affective filter?

The affective filter is a wall caused by emotions like anxiety or lack of confidence that can block language learning. A relaxed, supportive environment lowers this barrier and helps learning.

7.       What is the difference between problem-based learning and project-based learning?

Problem-based learning focuses on solving a specific problem to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Project-based learning involves creating a project to explore a broader topic, emphasizing creativity and application over time.

8.       Why is motivation important to learning?

Learning motivation is important because it affects how students learn. More motivated people will push themselves to complete challenging tasks. Learners with strong intrinsic motivation will also reflect deeper on the learning materials and won’t accept the easiest answers.

9.       What is scaffolding?

In education, scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process.

10.   How to create a comfortable environment in the classroom?

Create a comfortable classroom by fostering respect, using positive reinforcement, ensuring physical comfort, encouraging collaboration, being approachable to students, and showing empathy towards students' needs and concerns.

The main role of a teacher is to be a guide to help students learn and to provide support resources.

2.What is the role of a student?

Active participants in their learning process

Collaborate with peers in a supportive community.

Share their thoughts and feelings openly.

Learn to express themselves in the target language

Take on increasing responsibility for their own learning.

3.What is the silent way method based on?

It is based on the idea that language learning can be improved in three ways: discovering

Solving problems and using physical tools

4.What is the difference between content and technique?

Content: Refers to what is taught about topics or learning areas: grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, skills (reading, writing, speaking, listening).

Teaching material: texts, videos, songs, images, etc.

Context: communicative situations.

Technique: Refers to how the content is taught through

pedagogical methods and strategies to present and practice the content.

Specific activities: games, debates, completion exercises, role-playing etc.

Forms of interaction: individual, partner or group work.

5.What is language?

A language is considered to be a system of communicating with other people using sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought

6.What does language need to be taught?

Vocabulary

Grammar

Pronunciation

Listening Skills

Speaking Skills

Reading Skills

Writing Skills

Cultural Context

Pragmatics

7.What are the 7 Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching?

Prior knowledge

organize knowledge

motivation

Mastery

practice and feedback

development

self- directed

8.How long does it take for a student to know if a teacher is good or bad?

In six seconds

9. How does the audio-lingual method work in language learning?

It works best when students are consistently exposed to the target language and have multiple opportunities to practice through subtitled videos, audio recordings, and conversations to improve pronunciation and develop fluency.

10. How does the Lexical Approach help students improve their fluency in a language?

The Lexical Approach helps students improve their fluency by focusing on acquiring functional vocabulary and word combinations that are commonly used in everyday speech. Instead of focusing on grammar alone, students learn entire units of language, such as expressions and collocations, allowing them to speak more fluently and naturally in everyday situations.

Research and observations suggest that students often form initial impressions about a teacher within the first few minutes to the first-class session. These impressions are based on factors like the teacher’s tone, body language, confidence, and how they establish rapport.

2.     What is input +1?

It refers to the idea that learners acquire language most effectively when they are exposed to language input that is just slightly beyond their current level of understanding.

Input represents the language the learner is exposed to.

+1 indicates the next level of complexity—something the learner can almost, but not fully, understand.

3.     What is scaffolding in teaching?

It refers to a method where a teacher provides temporary support to students to help them accomplish a task or understand a concept that they would not be able to achieve independently. As students gain confidence and competence, the support is gradually removed, allowing them to take full responsibility for their learning.

4.     What are some scaffolding strategies?

Use of the first language, read aloud (modeling/gestures), intentional small group/partner work, sentence structures, connect to background knowledge, graphic organizers, visuals and realia.

5.     What is the zone of proximal development?

It refers how much a student can do without help and how much the student is able to do with guidance. By working within the ZPD, educators can maximize a student’s potential and foster deeper understanding and independence.

6.     What are good practices for teachers?

Show empathy, respect, and genuine care for students.

Create a classroom environment where all students feel safe and valued.

Incorporate real-world applications to make learning relevant.

Integrate tools like interactive whiteboards, educational apps, or online platforms to enhance learning.

Establish clear expectations, rules, and routines.

Be consistent, fair, and calm in enforcing rules.

Use positive reinforcement to encourage desirable behaviors.

Recognize and respect students’ diverse backgrounds and experiences.

7.     What is the difference between collaborative learning and communicative learning?

Collaborative learning is task-oriented and focuses on group success, while communicative learning is interaction-focused, aiming to develop understanding and communication skills.         

8.     What are the methods that teacher DO NOT have to do nowadays?

Excessive lecturing: Use interactive activities

One landscape to teach: Adapt teaching to diverse student needs

Ignoring technology: Integrate modern tools to enhance learning

Excessive homework: Assign meaningful and manageable tasks

Shaming students: Provide constructive and private feedback

9.     What does TPR mean?

It is a method of teaching language or vocabulary concepts by using physical movement to react to verbal input. The process mimics the way that infants learn their first language, and it reduces student inhibitions and lowers stress. The purpose of TPR is to create a brain link between speech and action to boost language and vocabulary learning.

10.  What is the role of the teacher nowadays?

A teacher today is indeed more than a teacher. It’s more a guide and facilitator to help students to achieve their learning goals.

1. They should make their lessons interesting.

2. A teacher must love her /his job.

3. have his/her own personality.

4. have a lot of Knowledge.

5. a good teacher is an entertainer.

2.HOW SHOULD TEACHER TALK TO STUDENTS

1. The way teacher interact with students is a crucial teacher skill .

2. adap their language imput +1.

3. make eyes contac.

4. physical movements gestures, expressions, mimes.

3.BASIC TERMINOLOGY

1. Assessment

2. Brainstorming

3. Buzz session

4. constructivism

5. extrinsic motivation

4.WHAT IS METHOD

Method is a particular procedure for accomplishing or approaching something, specially a systematic or established one "we have good method we have good results"

5.WHAT IS LEARNING

learning is a process ;not a product ;but because this process takes place in the mind, we can only infer that it has acurred from students products or performace.

6.WHAT IS THE CEFR ?

The CEFR is designed to offer a clear and comprehensive understanding of what a learner can do in a foreign language at different stages of their learning process. It divides language proficiency into six levels, ranging from A1 (beginner) to C2 (proficient).

7.WHAT IS METHOD AUDIOLINGUAL?

The Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) is a language teaching method that emerged in the mid-20th century, heavily influenced by behaviorist psychology. It was designed to teach language through repetition and practice of key language structures and patterns, with the goal of helping students develop automatic, habitual responses in the target language.

8.WHAT IS CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTERGRATED LEARNING?

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an educational approach where students learn a subject (such as history, science, or mathematics) through the medium of a foreign language, rather than learning the language as a separate subject. In other words, CLIL integrates both content (the subject matter) and language learning into a single, cohesive learning process.

9.HOW TO PLAN A FILIPPED LESSON ?

1. step 1 : identify learning objectives.

2. step 2 :select pre-class material.

3. step 3 :organize pre-class activities.

4. step 4:plan in-class activities

5. step 5: assess learnig.

6. step 6 provi support.

10. what is self-assessment

    Is the process by which individuals evaluate their own work, performance, skills, or knowledge. It is a reflective practice that allows people to analyze their strengths, weaknesses, progress, and areas needing improvement. Self-assessment is often used in educational and professional settings, as well as in personal development, to encourage autonomy, critical thinking, and self-awareness.

Prior knowledge is the past information a student has already learned, so activating it helps to connect new ideas to what they know. This helps to build a better understanding of the topic.

2)      What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation is the will that comes from the individual to achieve goals thinking in the personal interest. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation is the initiative in a person caused by external stimuli such as people or rewards to achieve goals. They are both crucial for learning because they encourage engagement in students.

3)      What is the difference between method and technique?

A method is a teaching plan based on learning theories to provide a structure for a lesson. while a technique is a practical activity to implement the method and accomplish a specific objective.

4)      How does a class have to be structured?

It has to be divided into 80% practice and 20 % instruction, giving students the majority of time to apply their new knowledge and develop their language skills.

5)      Why is a low-affective filter important for teaching?

It reduces the stress level of the students caused by frustration and anxiety, facilitating the acquisition of information more effectively.

6)      How does a teacher's level of technique and content affect the learning?

For a proper class, it is necessary to have high content and techniques to provide accurate knowledge and keep students engaged and motivated. If a teacher does have a low content and high technique, the students will be engaged but also can be confused and misunderstand concepts for incorrect information. Similarly, when the technique is low, and the content is high. The teacher can explain the topic effectively, but students can have difficulty paying attention to the lesson.

7)      What are the traditional methods?  

These methods are teacher-centered and teach systematically grammar and vocabulary of the target language.

·         Grammar-Translation Method: uses the mother tongue to translate literary works from the target language to teach grammar and vocabulary.

·         The Direct Method: focus on only using the target language to teach pronunciation and grammar

·         Audiolingual Method: the lessons are only in the target language and focus on the acquisition of patterns in everyday dialogue until the students give an automatic response.

8)      What are the humanistic approaches?

Based on humanistic psychology, these methods are student-centered and focus on building a strong teacher-student relationship and fostering a comforting environment.

·         Community Language Learning: promotes collaboration between the student community and allows translation when needed.

·         Suggestopedia: the learning is stimulated with soothing music and a colorful classroom allowing the use of mother and target language.

·         The Silent Way: the learning takes place in a quiet environment where the teacher does not speak but uses physical tools to convey ideas.

·         Total Physical Response: it aims for young kids. It uses physical movements to create a connection between speaking and action to boost language.

9)      What are the communicative approaches?

These approaches consist of the collaboration of students for group work to promote real communication.

·         Communicative Language Teaching: focus on encouraging meaningful communication without structure between students allowing the practice of the language skill.

·         Task-Based Language Teaching: use tasks to incentivize real communication to solve problems.

·         Project-Based Language Teaching: Students work in groups to create products with real purpose, allowing the development of empathy, critical thinking as well as real communication.

·         Content and Language Integrated Learning: Students learn by integrating teaching content on other topics. It allows real communication and group work.

10)  What is the eclectic approach?

This approach consists of combining different methods to meet students' needs and achieve objectives. This helps to create classes with diverse activities, covering all the language skills such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Additionally, it keeps students engaged and prevents a monotonous environment.

A teacher can take on multiple roles, such as a facilitator, organizer, assessor, prompter, participant, and resource. The choice of role depends on the activity and the learning objective.

2. What are the key factors to consider when planning a lesson?

Teachers should consider students' needs, the lesson's aims, the balance between skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), timing, materials, and classroom dynamics.

3. Why is student motivation so important, and how can teachers foster it?

Motivation is crucial because it drives students to engage with and retain language learning. Teachers can foster motivation by using engaging materials, creating a supportive environment, and providing meaningful tasks that connect to students' interests.

4. What is the difference between accuracy and fluency, and how should they be balanced in lessons?

Accuracy focuses on correct language use, while fluency emphasizes natural and smooth communication. Lessons should balance both, ensuring students develop confidence in speaking while minimizing errors over time.

5. What is Harmer's perspective on teaching grammar?

Grammar should be taught in context, using examples and activities that show how it functions in real communication. Teachers should avoid overwhelming students with complex explanations.

6. How can teachers effectively teach vocabulary?

Vocabulary teaching involves presenting words in context, using visuals, synonyms, and collocations. Teachers should encourage active use and periodic review to reinforce learning.

7. What are the key differences between receptive (listening/reading) and productive (speaking/writing) skills?

Receptive skills involve understanding and interpreting input, while productive skills focus on creating output. Both require different teaching approaches, such as pre-listening/reading activities for receptive skills and scaffolding for productive ones.

8. Why is classroom interaction important, and what are some interaction patterns Harmer highlights?

Interaction is essential for language practice and social learning. Harmer discusses patterns like teacher-student, student-student (pair work), and group activities, which foster collaborative learning.

9. What strategies does Harmer suggest for managing mixed-ability classes?

Strategies include differentiating tasks, using group work to pair stronger and weaker students, and providing optional challenges to cater to varied levels of proficiency.

10. How does Harmer suggest using authentic materials in the classroom?

Authentic materials (like newspapers, songs, and videos) expose students to real-world language. Harmer recommends adapting them to suit students' levels by pre-teaching vocabulary and simplifying tasks.

Inquiry Based Learning methodology is where students are presented a problem to solve using knowledge and skills they have acquired or need to develop.

2. What is scaffolding?

Scaffolding refers to a teaching or learning strategy in which a teacher or more experienced individual provides temporary support to a learner to help them achieve a task or develop a skill they might not be able to accomplish independently.

3. How can students become self-directed learners?

To become self-directed learners, students must learn to monitor and adjusttheir approaches to learning.

4. What are the key roles of a teacher according to Harmer?

Facilitator, organizer, participant, and assessor.

5. Why is context important when teaching vocabulary?

It helps students understand how words are used naturally and meaningfully.

6. What is Harmer’s advice for correcting errors in speaking activities?

Focus on fluency first and address errors after the activity.

7. What teaching method does Harmer highlight for real-world communication?

The Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach.

8. What does Harmer emphasize about lesson planning?

Flexibility and setting clear, achievable objectives.

9. How does Harmer suggest managing large classes?

Use pair/group work and clear instructions to involve all students.

10. What are the goals of CLIL?

-Content

-Cognition

-Comunication

-Culture