https://www.woolmark.com/fibre/

• Used to make thick heavyweight woven and knitted garments

• Ideal for warmer winter jackets and sweaters

• Can be dyed at the fibre, yarn, fabric, or garment stage

Sourcing

• Fibers must be washed to remove dirt, wool wax, sweat, and skin pieces

• Wool is washed in a detergent solution, rinsed, then dried

Blending

• Happens early in the processing stage

• Combines wool from various bales to create a more even and uniform throughout

Woollen Spinning

• Little stretching before twisting

• Survives the spinning process

Knitting, Weaving, and Non-woven fabric

• Once wool is processed and spun it can be transformed into:

• Knitting used to create fabric

• Weaving interlacing warp and weft yarns in a weaving machine or loom

• Non-woven fabric like felting used to form layers of fibres into one coherent fabric

https://www.woolmark.com/industry/product-development/wool-processing/

• Makes flatter, lighter and smoother fabrics, used in traditional tailoring

Blending and scouring process is the same as woollen

Gilling

• Before worsted yarn can be spin the slivers needs to be gilled or straightened the fibers by stretching the slivers

• Combing removes the short fibers and any

• This also preps the fibers for the combing process

• This process gives the wool a more uniform weight

Combing

• Clamped fibers are pinned to a cylinder that straightens the long fibers, removes the short fibers, nep and vegetable matter

• The cleaned fringe is then gripped and drawn through a single strip of very fine pins to complete the cleaning of the back end of the fibers

• The fringes are recombined to form a sliver, and repeated 2-3 times to create a cleaner sliver ready to be roving

Roving

• Before the wool can enter into the spinning stage is must be reduced to 40 times thinner by drawing it down into a finer sliver

• Once roving is complete, it is then spun to form worsted yarn

Spinning

• Ring spinning- most common for the worsted and woollen industries, continuous spinning

• Mule Spinning- machine, intermittent spinning

• Open-end short staple spinning- used for cotton blends

Dyeing, Knitting, Weaving and Non-woven fabric follow the same process as Woollen processing

https://www.woolmark.com/industry/product-development/wool-processing/

https://www.wgsn.com/fashion/article/92112

https://www.asustainablecloset.com/home/material-guide-recycled-wool#:~:text=Mulesing%2DFree%3A%20Since%20recycled%20wool,ethical%20alternative%20to%20traditional%20wool.

https://www.asustainablecloset.com/home/material-guide-recycled-wool#:~:text=Mulesing%2DFree%3A%20Since%20recycled%20wool,ethical%20alternative%20to%20traditional%20wool.

Fabric Padding

New Garments

Upholstery

https://iwto.org/sustainability/recycled-wool/

Cashmere

Mohair

Alpaca

Llama

Vicüna

Guanaco

Camel

Yak

Angora

https://www.wgsn.com/fashion/article/92112#page3

https://www.wgsn.com/fashion/article/64756#page_7

https://iwto.org/recycled-wool/