The Egyptian pottery showed that during this early time was found in graves that belonged to non elite people. It is considered folk art. Most of this earliest pottery depicted people and different species of animals such as fish, and birds. This shows some insight onto to some of the animals that the people of this region encountered

Source: Scarre, C. (2005). Holocene Africa. In The human past: World prehistory & the development of human societies (3rd ed., pp. 350-392). London: Thames & Hudson.

Graphic: http://www.pottedhistory.co.uk/image/Canopic%20Jars%20sm.JPG

The city of Lalibela was hot to the well known rock churches. This city was meant to be a holy ground and was created in the attempt to create a new Jerusalem after its raiding by the Muslims. In the attempt the creation of the rock churches came and they were used for different purposes such as sacrificial buildings and well as or as holy places to go and pray.

Sources: Finneran, N. 2007. The Archaeology of Ethiopia. London Routledge. a general survey of Ethiopian archaeology.

Agriculture ended up being a huge part of Egyptian culture the fertile soil surrounding the Nile River provided a great place to cultivate wheat and barley. The Egyptian people were able to recognize the significance of the of the annual flooding o the river and then started to choose to plant the cereal crops there. Sometimes the area was harvested up to three times a year creating an abundacne of food for the people of this region and giving more opertunity for them

Source: Connah, G. 2001. African Civilizations: An archaeological pespective. (2nd ed.). Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.

Graphic: http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/~wilsonkg/gene07/chap01/bp01p8a.jpg

Unlike in Europe and their use of copper In Africa they did not have that resource so instead they found an abundance of iron which lead them to use that for metal tools and weapons. It is also suggested that it was not introduced to them and was first used in the southern parts of Africa.

Source: Scarre, C. (2005). Holocene Africa. In The human past: World prehistory & the development of human societies (3rd ed., pp. 350-392). London: Thames & Hudson.

Graphic: http://bladesmithsforum.com/uploads/monthly_01_2013/post-24638-13576450347788.jpg

Sheep were imported into Africa through trade. They were used for their milf, wool , and meat. The people of Africa then started to use the wool in trade with other regions. But once again it is showing that people began to communicate with each other and social complexity began to grow with the trade of sheep and other goods.

Source: Edwards, D. N. 2004. The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan. London. Routledge. A synthesis of archaeology in the Middle Nile region.

The first form of writing came from Egypt in the form of hieroglyphics. This form of writing was commonly used formally on inscriptions on walls temples and tombs. There was a core of about seven-hundred glyph's that made up the writings. some were in full color while others were just mere outlines for everyday use.

Source: Maisels, C. 2010. The Archaeology of politics and power: where ,when and why the first states formed. Oxford: Oxbow Books

Graphic: http://ancientegypthistorykingdom.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/8/7/17879807/6884272.jpg?629

It is believed that the people of northern Africa first domesticated the indigenous species of that area rather than the introduction of of an outside species. This shows that they had a level of knowledge on how to domesticate an otherwise wild animal that was never tamed before.

Source: Scarre, C. (2005). Holocene Africa. In The human past: World prehistory & the development of human societies (3rd ed., pp. 350-392). London: Thames & Hudson.

The earliest Egyptian cities were formed along the northern parts of the Nile River near the Mediterranean sea. They are said to be on of six civilizations globally to arise individually without any outside help. The cities were placed strategically near the river in order to avoid the annual flooding but close enough where it was still able to access the water fairly easily for growing crops and farms. Also near the Mediterranean sea in order to have easy access to traded goods.

Source: Scarre, C. (2005). Holocene Africa. In The human past: World prehistory & the development of human societies (3rd ed., pp. 350-392). London: Thames & Hudson.

Millet much like wheat and barley are cereal crops but the difference is that Millet has a very short growing season making it extremely useful in the arid areas of Africa. It allowed for a greater production of food for the people that grew it allowing for population growth and expansion

Source: Stahl, A.B. (ed.). 2005. African Archaeology: A critical introduction. Oxford: blackwell

Graphic: http://www.edenfoods.com/articles/images/122/122.jpg

What makes sheep and pottery reaching the southern tip of Africa is that it shows that people communicated and collaborated with each other. It also shows the progression of ideas and cultural aspects of ways to live, and that it through communication of people thing can travel a long ways.

Source: Scarre, C. (2005). Holocene Africa. In The human past: World prehistory & the development of human societies (3rd ed., pp. 350-392). London: Thames & Hudson.