https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd By Liz Warness en-us 2021-04-26 16:47:32 UTC 2025-09-30 11:10:34 UTC hello@padlet.com ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1460543330 The WHO created a global hand hygiene campaign, Seconds Save Lives: Clean Your Hands, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic . The initiative's goal is to achieve appropriate levels of hand hygiene at the point of care (Allegranzi et al., 2021).

Image: (Allegranzi et al., 2021)


]]> 2021-04-26 16:50:25 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1460543330 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1460574573 The CDC released a national campaign, Clean Hands Count, targeting health care workers to adhere to the CDC's hand hygiene guidelines (CDC, 2016).

Image: (CDC, 2016)]]> 2021-04-26 16:56:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1460574573 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461149345 Scottish physician, Dr. Alexander Gordon, published the Treatise on the Epidemic Puerperal Fever of Aberdeen, which highlighted his belief of healthcare workers as possible sources of contagion (Vermeil et al., 2018).

Image: (Gould, 2010) ]]> 2021-04-26 18:43:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461149345 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461178223 Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, an American physician, released Puerperal Fever, as a Private Pestilence, which discussed his belief that physicians were  spreading puerperal fever to patients by their hands (Lane, 2010).

Image: (Britannica, 2021b)]]> 2021-04-26 18:49:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461178223 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461201569 Hungarian physician, Ignaz Semmelweis, introduced the idea of handwashing after recognizing a link between maternal mortality (due to puerperal fever) and "cadaverous particles" from health care workers (Lane, 2010).

Image: (Francisco, 2020)]]> 2021-04-26 18:54:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461201569 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461233657 During the Crimean War, a nurse named Florence Nightingale introduced principles of infection control and sanitation to reduce infection rates of soldiers (Hillier, 2020). 

Image: (Fee & Garofalo, 2010)]]> 2021-04-26 19:01:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461233657 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461268629 Florence Nightingale published her Notes on Nursing, in which she outlined the need for nurses to wash their hands multiple times throughout the day (Hillier, 2020).

Image: (Presbyterian Historical Society, 2020)]]> 2021-04-26 19:08:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461268629 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461281583 French chemist, Louis Pasteur, confirmed the modern Germ Theory in which he believed that microorganisms in the environment could cause disease (Tulchinsky & Varavikova, 2014).

Image: (Science History Institute, 2021)]]> 2021-04-26 19:11:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461281583 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461361718 English Surgeon, Joseph Lister, published his method of antisepsis in surgery by utilizing a carbolic acid spray to prevent infection (Newsom, 2003). 

Image: (Britannica, 2021a)]]> 2021-04-26 19:30:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461361718 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461389760 Robert Koch, a German physician, expanded on Pasteur's Germ Theory and proved that specific organisms caused specific diseases (Tulchinsky & Varavikova, 2014). 

Image: (Britannica, 2021c)

]]> 2021-04-26 19:38:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461389760 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461420538 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published the first national hand hygiene guidelines, in which hand washing with soap and water for 1-2 minutes was the preferred method in preventing healthcare-associated infections (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2002).

Image: (Sonnier, 2020)]]> 2021-04-26 19:45:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461420538 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461485528 Purell, an example of an alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR), was created to help healthcare providers and employees in other industries reduce the spread of germs (GOJO, 2021b).

Image: (GOJO, 2021a)]]> 2021-04-26 20:03:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461485528 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461504233 Purell invented touch-free hand sanitizing dispensers that were placed in health care facilities to increase hand hygiene compliance (GOJO, 2021b).

Image: (GOJO, 2021a)]]> 2021-04-26 20:08:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461504233 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461514201 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) recommended that either antimicrobial soap or a waterless antiseptic agent (ex. AHBRs) be used for cleaning hands in patient care (CDC, 2002).

Image: (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2019)]]> 2021-04-26 20:11:14 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461514201 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461546146 The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the first Global Patient Safety Challenge (Clean Care is Safer Care Program), which aimed to reduce healthcare-associated infections worldwide by improving hand hygiene practices and standards (World Health Organization [WHO], 2009).

Image: (Donaldson, 2007)]]> 2021-04-26 20:20:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461546146 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461565316 The WHO released the final draft of the Hand Hygiene Guidelines in Healthcare which specifies that hands should be washed with soap and water for 40-60 seconds or 20-30 seconds when using ABHRs; the latter identified as the preferable option for health care workers (WHO, 2009). 

Image: (WHO, 2009)

]]> 2021-04-26 20:26:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461565316 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461579859 The WHO launched the first annual Save Lives: Clean Your Hands campaign (as the next step to the Clean Care is Safer Care program) to motivate healthcare workers to view hand hygiene as a critical patient safety activity (WHO, 2021).

Image: (WHO, 2021)]]> 2021-04-26 20:31:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1461579859 ewarness https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1469945483 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was first credited with the discovery of bacteria (Porter, 1976).

Image: (Porter, 1976)]]> 2021-04-28 16:30:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ewarness/ctozdtz4l27fexzd/wish/1469945483