Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) by Nhi Nguyen https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t Source from Powerpoints en-us 2020-02-23 21:25:06 UTC 2020-02-24 00:09:04 UTC hello@padlet.com Drug Classifications For Parasympathetic Nervous System nhi_nguyen61 https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449215408
Direct - Acting Cholonergic Agnosist
- Receptor: muscarinic
MOA: 
  • directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division and mimics ACH
Drugs:
1. Acetylcholine
2. Pilocarpine (Pilocar  ®)
3. Bethanechol (Urecholine  ®)

Indirect - Acting Cholonergic Agnosist
- Receptor: Nicotinic 2
MOA: 
  • inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse and increase ACH
Drugs:
1. Neostigmine (Prostigmin  ®)

Anticholonergics
- Receptor: cholinergic
MOA:
  • Bind to a cholinergic receptor and acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism
Drugs:
1. Atropine
2. Dicyclomine (Bentyl ®)
3. Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent ®)

]]> 2020-02-23 22:46:23 UTC https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449215408 Drug Classification For Sympathetic Nervous System nhi_nguyen61 https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449218575
Alpha 1 - Adrengergic Agonists
MOA:
  • Alpha-1 receptor is stimulated
  • Contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP 
  • Vasoconstriction of nasal passages -> decongestant effect
Drugs:
1. Ephedrine
2. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine ®)

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
MOA: 
  • binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
  • relaxation of smooth muscle 
  • vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP
  • relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow
Drugs:
1. prazosin (Minipress®)
2. terazosin (Hytrin®)
3. doxazosin (Cardura®)

Beta Adrenergic Agonists
Beta -1 Adrenergic Agonists
MOA : 
  • Low dose-stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
  • Moderate dose-stimulates  beta 1 receptors-heart, increases force of contraction and cardiac output 
  • High dose- stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction à increase in blood pressure
Drugs: 
1. dobutamine

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
MOA: 
  • stimulates beta 2 receptors 
  • relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs à bronchodilation 
  • relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus
Drugs:
1. albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
2. terbutaline (Brethine®)
3. formoterol (Foradil®)
4. salmeterol (Serevent®)


Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

Selective Beta-1 Blockers
MOA: 
  • beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE and EPI)    
  • decreases force of contraction  (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output
  • decreases HR  (negative chronotropic) 
  • decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
  • decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP
Drugs:
1. atenolol (Tenormin®)
2. metoprolol (Lopressor®)

Non-selective Beta Blockers
MOA: 
  • block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors 
  • decreases force of contraction  (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output
  • decreases HR  (negative chronotropic) 
  • decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
  • decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP
  • can cause bronchoconstriction
Drugs:
1. nadolol (Corgard®)
2. propanolol(Inderal®) 
3. timolol (Blocadren®)
]]> 2020-02-23 23:03:36 UTC https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449218575 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) nhi_nguyen61 https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449221270 Subdivisions of ANS:
1 - Sympathetic Nervous System: "Fight, Flight, Fright"
Neurotransmitters: Adrenergic
  • Norepinephrine (NE) - Released at postganglionic nerve endings
  • Epinephrine (EPI) - produced by adrenal medulla
  • Dopamine (PA) - Sympathetic and CNS neurotransmitter and precursor to NE

2 - Parasympathetic Nervous System: "Rest, Digest"
Neurotransmitters: Cholinergic (ACH) - Released at ganglia from presynaptic and postganglionic nerve endings (both systems)
]]> 2020-02-23 23:19:56 UTC https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449221270 Receptor of Sympathetic Nervous System nhi_nguyen61 https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449222300 Alpha 1 found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins
-- Organ Response --
  • Eyes: Dilation of pupil
  • Blood vessels to digestive, urinary organs, and skin: vasoconstriction
  • Sphincters: Contraction

Beta 1 located on the heart
-- Organ Response --
  • Heart: Increase in heart rate and force of contraction
  • Salivary glands: increase in secretion in certain cells

Beta 2 located on smooth muscles, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, coronary arteries
-- Organ Response --
  • Salivary glands: increase in secretion in certain cells
  • Lung, Bronchus: bronchodilation
  • Smooth muscle cells of blood vessels to skeletal muscle: vasodilation
  • Cells of digestive glands: Decrease in secretion
  • Cells of pancreas and liver: Increase in release of glucose
  • Urinary: Relaxation of digestive and urinary tracts

]]> 2020-02-23 23:26:16 UTC https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449222300 Receptor of Parasympathetic Nervous System nhi_nguyen61 https://padlet.com/nhi_nguyen61/crasr62fhy0t/wish/449223910 Muscarinic located at cells of sweat glands
-- Organ Response --
  • Cells of swear glands: Increase in secretion

Nicotinic 1 (Nn) located at cells of adrenal medulla
-- Organ Response --
  • Cells of adrenal medulla: Release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Nicotinic 2 (Nm) located skeletal muscle

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