ROBOTS by Paula Sanchez Guardado https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu Publicar cualquier cosa en cualquier lugar en-us 2025-03-21 12:30:20 UTC 2025-03-28 14:19:09 UTC hello@padlet.com DEFINITION sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3383191454

  • A robot is a machine that performs a task or a variety of tasks automatically


  • The robots perform their tasks by following a list of orders



    • ]]>     2025-03-26 12:42:15 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3383191454     ACTUATOR (arm) sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3383211310

    • Most robots are "robotic arms" which work in production lines


    • The actuator has a "manipulator" and a system of articulations


    • The manipulator acts on the product which passes along the production line


    • The system of articulations moves the manipulator to the correct place


    • There are many different kinds, some allow for rotation, others allow for linear displacement

    ]]>     2025-03-26 12:56:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3383211310     POWER SYSTEM sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3383241125

    • The power system generates the power necessary to move the arm and the manipulator of a robot.


    ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM

    • Most common way to power robots

      3 TYPES

    • AC motor

    • DC motor

    • Step by step motor

    AC AND DC MOTORS

    • Require constant control. The sensor must constantly give information, and the controller must constantly tell the motor if it should move or not


    STEP-BY-STEP MOTORS


    • Don't requiere sensors for positional control, they move a number of steps forward or backwards

    • Don't have a lot of force, and they aren't energy efficient

    ADVANTAGES

    • The motors are small

    • The transmission system is simpler

    • They are easily controlled by the processor

    • Electricity is distributed cheaply almost everywhere

    • They have more force than pneumatic systems

    • They are faster than hydraulic systems

    • Are very precise

    DISAVANTAGES

    • The actuator is heavier, because motors are heavy

    • They don't have as much force as hydraulic systems

    • AC and DC motors are less pecise

    ]]>     2025-03-26 13:13:35 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3383241125     PNEUMATIC POWER SYSTEMS sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386668257

    • Pneumatic power systems use compressed air as energy

    • A compressor compresses the air into a tank

    • The compressed air travels from the tank through a system of pipes and valves

    • The compressed air moves a piston inside the cylinder which moves an actuator


      ADVANTAGES

    • Fast movements

    • Lightweight, simple actuators


      DISAVANTAGES

    • The movements aren't precise

    • The force is small

    ]]>     2025-03-28 12:34:58 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386668257     HYDRAULIC POWER SYSTEMS sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386669155

  • Hydraulic power systems use the pressure in oil as energy

  • An oil pump adds pressure to the oil from a tank


    ADVANTAGES

  • Large force

  • Precise movements


    DISADVANTAGES

  • Slow

  • Heavy

  • Expensive


    • ]]>     2025-03-28 12:35:45 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386669155     SENSORS sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386692504

  • Sensors detect position, temperature, acceleration...

  • Sensors pass the data to the processor as an electric signal


    POSITION SENSORS:

  • Are linear or angular. We use them to measure te position of an object

  • Can be inductive sensors, limit switches, LDRs, etc

  • Inductive sensors detect metallic objects

  • Are a small electromagnet

  • Limit switches are the simplest type of position sensors

  • LDRs are resistances made of a semiconductor material

  • If an opaque object blocks the light, the LDR's resistance increases and no electricity flows

  • If nothing blocks the light, the LDR's resistance decreases and electricity flows

  • We use LDRs as part of photo-electric cells in automatic doors

  • Photo-electric cells consist of a laser light on one side of a door focused on an LDR on the other side of the door


    • FORCE SENSORS:

    • Different kinds of force sensors detect different forces, when we want to tighten a bolt the manipulator of the robot is a spanner with a sensor that detects the tightening force

    TEMPERATURE SENSORS

    • Are very common

    • In the heating systems of a house

    • Are used as safety devices in machines which have a risk of overheating

    • The engine oil temperature in a car rises above a certain value

    • Computers also have a temperature sensor


    ]]>     2025-03-28 12:54:06 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386692504     THE CONTROLLER sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386696591

  • Is the microprocessor that receives that signals from the sensors "decides" what the actuators must do

  • These "decisions" follow the program which was written by the programer

    • The controller also has a memory:

    • The software

    • Data, such as parameters for the program or information about the product

    ]]>     2025-03-28 12:57:51 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386696591     TYPES OF ROBOTS sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386703617 Depending on the coordinate system

    • Cartesian coordinates

      The robot moves in line along the X, Y and Z

      The robot needs to know the distance to move from the origin of coordinates

    • Polar coordinates

      The robot rotates around the X, Y and Z axis

      The robot needs to know how many degrees to rotate

    Depending on the degrees of freedom

    • The degrees of freedom are the number of axis along which the robotic arm can move

    • The minimum is one, and the maximum is 6

    Depending on the energy used

    • Hydraulic

    • Pneumatic

    • Electric




    ]]>     2025-03-28 13:03:21 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386703617     USES AND APLICATIONS sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386767272

  • Most robots "work" on production lines, especially where the activity is repetitive, dangerous or tiring

  • Applications of robots in production lines: metal, welding, sticking labels, etc


    • ADVANTAGES

    • More economical

    • Faster

    • Can work 24 hours a day

    • Produce better quality

    • Can work in dangerous places

    ]]>     2025-03-28 13:53:48 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386767272     HISTORY sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386778856

  • It's hard to say exactly when robotics began


  • Some historians date the beginning of robotics to the middle ages, when machines were first used without direct human control


  • In the first half of the 20th century, robots that worked with relays were first used.


  • Modern robotics started with the development of microchips in the second half of the 20th. Thanks to the microchips:


  • Logic can be more complex

  • Robots are programable: a programmer can change the logic or the parameters

  • Michrochips are cheaper and more durable


    • ]]>     2025-03-28 14:02:35 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386778856     FUTURE sanchezgpaula https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386791935 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

    Artificial intelligence is a capacity of the microprocessor to learn

    The microprocessor can decide that:

    In the morning the lift will "wait" on the ground floor

    In the afternoon, the lift will "wait" on the 5th floor


    NANO ROBOTS

    Nano means "one million times smaller than the unit

    The name Nano refers to their very small size

    The could travel through the blood stream to a particular area of the body

    ]]>     2025-03-28 14:11:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sanchezgpaula/cpwicon6ev78yofu/wish/3386791935