The Victorian Age (1837 - 1901) by Cristina La Spina https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz The Age of Empire en-us 2018-10-10 20:44:10 UTC 2023-04-04 13:38:21 UTC hello@padlet.com Alternation of power laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291483171 between the Conservatives and the Liberals during the Victorian Age.]]> 2018-10-10 21:07:04 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291483171 Conservative ministers laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291485416
  • Sir Robert Peel (1841-1846)
  • Benjamin Disraeli 
    •        (1874 -80)
    ...
    • David Cameron  
          2010-2016
    • Theresa May
          2016-2019
    • Boris Johnson
    Present British Prime Minister, leader of the Conservative Party since June 2019
    • Liz Truss, since 6th September 2022. First Prime Minister of Charles III (15th of Elizabeth II).
    ]]>     2018-10-10 21:16:05 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291485416     Liberal ministers laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291486755
  • Lord Palmerstone                (1853-1856, 1859-1865)
  • W. Gladstone (1868-1874)
    • ...
    • Tony Blair (1997-2007)
    • Gordon Brown (2007-2010)
    ]]>     2018-10-10 21:21:42 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291486755     Political parties laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291487547 The Conservatives:
    descendants of the Tory party, representing the landed gentry
    - promoted the maintanance of the status quo (existing institutions)
    - fought radical change
    The Liberals:
    descendants of the Whig party, representing the old Whig aristocracy, the manufacturing classes and free trade
    -believed in the free exercise of individual energy.]]>     2018-10-10 21:25:14 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291487547     Queen Victoria laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291488143 came to the throne in 1837 at the age of 18.]]> 2018-10-10 21:28:11 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291488143 The House of Hanover laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291492818 Its members are known as Hanoverians.
    It  is a German royal house that ruled Hanover, Great Britain, and Ireland at various times during the 17th through the 20th centuries. ]]>     2018-10-10 21:53:49 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291492818     Rapid expansion of the British Empire laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291497935 - both economically and territorially
    - stretching from Canada in the West to New Zeland in the East
    - covering nearly a fifth of the world's land area.
    Goods from the colonies of the Empire poured into Britain, to be sold on to other countries at a huge profit.
    The heart of the British Empire was India.]]>     2018-10-10 22:24:10 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291497935     The modern urban economy of manufacturing industry and international trade took over from the old agricultural economy laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291498414
    The Great Exhibition (1851) celebrated the industrial, technological and trading power of the Empire at Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London.]]>     2018-10-10 22:27:27 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291498414     The pressure for reform laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291500334 Britain had turned politically conservative.
    The working classes did not have representatives in Parliament. 
    During general elections votes had to be declared publicly, so voting was subject to bribery or intimidation.]]>     2018-10-10 22:42:35 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291500334     Chartism laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291502383 Working class reformers issued the People's Charter (1838)  demanding six points:
    • universal male suffrage (over 21)
    • annually elected parliaments
    • secret voting
    • payment of the MPs so that working-class men could become MPs
    • abolition of the property qualification for candidates seeking election
    • the establishment of electoral districts equal in population.
    ]]>     2018-10-10 22:57:18 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291502383     An inspiring movement leading to reform bills laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291503117 The People's Charter was drawn up in 1838 but was rejected three times over a period of 10 years and the movement disbanded in 1848,  but its ideas continued to circulate.
    All their demands, except that for an annually elected Parliaments, became law between 1860 and 1918 as a series of reform bills that gradually extended the vote to members of the working classes.]]>     2018-10-10 23:02:59 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291503117     Trade unions, cooperatives, leagues laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291504238 Trade unions were inspired by the Chartist movement and they joined in to start the Trade Union Congress in 1868.
    The Independent Labour Party was formed in 1893 and became the Labour Party in 1906.]]>     2018-10-10 23:11:02 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291504238     Laissez-faire laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291507381 i.e. non-interference with industry or the national economy, allowing free-trade and free competition to benefit the manufacturing classes.
    Ideas based on Stuart Mill's Principles of Political Economy (1848), the handbook of Victorian liberalism.]]>     2018-10-10 23:34:18 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291507381     Victorian Compromise laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291508378 Many reforms were issued and improved the conditions of the lower classes, but with attention not to alter the existing order of society.
    The Compromise helped Britain to avoid the storm of revolution that crossed the continent in 1848.
    • Ten-Hour Act (1847)
    • Mines Acts
    • Education Acts (1870-1891)
    ]]>     2018-10-10 23:40:47 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291508378     Emigration laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291509552 The poor areas of Britain became weaker and millions of people emigrated, especially the Irish (1845-46).
    Resentment against the British government grew in Ireland and produced the Fenian Irish Independence Movement.]]>     2018-10-10 23:49:33 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291509552     FOREIGN AFFAIRS laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291585808 The American Civil War
    fought 1861-1865 over the issues of 
    • states' rights:
    The USA as
     1) a dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or
     2) an indivisible nation with a sovereign national government?
    • slavery 
    Could a nation born of the idea that all men are born equal, with an equal right to liberty, continue to be the largest slaveholding country in the world?

    ]]>     2018-10-11 07:27:57 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/291585808     LITERATURE - Victorian Hypocrisy and Formalism laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/295804014 Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte,
    extract from Visiting Literature B, Petrini, p. 10.
    Read the extract and answer the comprehension and interpretation questions.]]>     2018-10-23 07:02:11 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/295804014     Literary context - Victorian poetry laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/296505657 Visiting literaure B, pp. 14-15
    Answer the following questions:]]>     2018-10-24 15:25:25 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/296505657     Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892), Ulysses laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/300112767 Visiting Literature B, Petrini, pp. 18-20
    Poem composed in the form of a "dramatic monologue" (p. 16). It deals with the recurrent theme of Ulysses.
    Tasks pp. 20-21]]>     2018-11-03 21:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/300112767     Tennyson, critical notes laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/301627382 Visiting Literature B, Petrini, p. 22]]> 2018-11-07 16:51:03 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/301627382 Jane Eyre laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/301717272 A novel, by Charlotte Brontë (1847). Extract from ch. 7: Mr Brocklehurst is disturbed by the naturally curled hair of one of the girls. ]]> 2018-11-07 18:46:57 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/301717272 Robert Browning (1812-1889), Porphyria's lover laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/303484294 A dramatic monologue spoken by a man.
    Visiting Literature B, Petrini.
    Tasks pp. 28-29]]>     2018-11-12 21:13:29 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/303484294     Browning, critical notes laspinacris https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/303487259 Visiting Literature B, Petrini, p. 30]]> 2018-11-12 21:22:28 UTC https://padlet.com/laspinacris/cp4g5apd32yz/wish/303487259