Epipelagic Zone by Ariana Alberto https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii Life Near the Surface en-us 2018-05-02 17:50:21 UTC 2018-05-04 07:08:27 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Brightnessdown.png EPIPELAGIC: 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257382457 - from the surface to a depth of 200m and is divided into neritic waters (lie over continental shelf) and oceanic waters beyond the shelf; similar to the photic zone]]> 2018-05-02 17:59:24 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257382457 Abiotic components include dissolved gases, etc. The epipelagic zone is the only zone to support plant life 18dornsd1 https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257385575 2018-05-02 18:05:33 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257385575 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257386405 2018-05-02 18:07:08 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257386405 The meaning behind epipelagic is "upon the sea". This zone is called the sunlight zone because this is the part of the ocean that receives the most visible light (where photosynthesis occurs). The majority of plant and animal life lives in this region because it gets the most sunlight. 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257387320 2018-05-02 18:09:01 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257387320 18dornsd1 https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257391593 2018-05-02 18:17:15 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257391593 The "Microbial Loop" 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257394228 The "microbial loop" is the flow of energy through phytoplankton, dissolved organic matter, bacteria, protozoans, and zooplankton]]> 2018-05-02 18:21:59 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257394228 Lack of sediments 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257398305 Due to the fact that there is no bottom layer, there is a lack of sediments. Without these rich sediments, there are no deposit feeders. Instead, suspension feeders eat the food that is floating in the water]]> 2018-05-02 18:29:30 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257398305 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257412968 2018-05-02 19:01:29 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257412968 Limiting Factors 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257923622 • Intensity and availability  
of sunlight for producers 
• pH 
  • Temperature 
  • Salinity 
  • Disolved nutrients 
  • Depth 
]]> 2018-05-04 06:31:05 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257923622 Adaptations 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257924437 - low temp: most marine organisms are ectothermic 
- salt concentration: organisms use diffusion, osmosis, and active transport to balance salt intake]]> 2018-05-04 06:34:55 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257924437 Resource Partitioning 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257925024 Examples: 
  • Divided fishing grounds among different 
  • countries 
  • Sharks-want to avoid conflict 
- sometimes feed on other resources in the presence of another predetor or forage elsewhere 
]]> 2018-05-04 06:37:50 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257925024 Predators and Their Prey 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257925203 1) epipelagic animals have well developed sensory organs: vision, lateral line, hearing, and echolocation
2) countershading and camo
3) speed]]> 2018-05-04 06:38:45 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257925203 Abiotic Factors 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257926136 - sunlight
- dissolved gasses
- minerals
-temperature]]> 2018-05-04 06:42:52 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257926136 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257926649 The epipelagic zone only represents 2-3% of the entire ocean, beyond this, light is too dim for photosynthesis to occur. In fact, in all the world’s oceans, 65% of the plankton are in the top 500 meters.]]> 2018-05-04 06:45:07 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257926649 PLANKTON 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257926870 1) phytoplankton= main primary producers of the epipelagic
2) herbivores (some are carnivores) and eat phytoplankton 
3) picoplankton and too small to be caught and larger plankton are net plankton (subdivisions= micromeso-, macro-, and megaplankton)
4) meroplankton= larval stages of invertebrates (fish spend a part of their life in this stage)]]> 2018-05-04 06:46:16 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257926870 Nutrients 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257928841 - surface of waters= poor in nutrients and phytoplankton growth is nutrient limited]]> 2018-05-04 06:55:38 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257928841 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257929170 FOOD WEB:
  1. Photosynthesis based food webs
  2. Phytoplankton and zooplankton
  3. About 75 percent of food produced in the epipelagic zone is consumed there
  4. Nekton of surface marine mammals, sea turtles, fishes, and squid
  5. Sardines, anchovies, and herrings are important planktivores
]]> 2018-05-04 06:57:21 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257929170 Trophic Structure 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257929903 Epipelagic ProducersProducers = Phytoplankton
Epipelagic Consumers
-Primary (1st degree) Consumers = Herbivorous Zooplankton and Small Fish
-Secondary (2nd degree) Consumers = Carnivorous Zooplankton and Small Fish
-Tertiary (3rd degree) Consumers = Large Carnivorous Zooplankton, Squid and Fish
-Quartenary (4th degree) and Higher Level Consumers = Large Fish and Squid
Pinnipeds Eat zooplankton, fish, squid and penguins
Whales Toothed Whales eat fish, squid, penguins and other marine mammalsBaleen Whales eat zooplankton and fish
Seabirds Fish are important in the diet but are not the only food
15% of species feed principally on zooplankton, 66% of species feed on zooplankton occasionally, 6% of species feed exclusively on squid, 28% of species feed on squid occasionally]]> 2018-05-04 07:00:43 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257929903 Animal Adaptations 19albertoan https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257930564 -water resistance (don't sink)
-increased buoyancy
-floater/swim bladders]]> 2018-05-04 07:04:50 UTC https://padlet.com/19albertoan/cp0mzkt2ooii/wish/257930564