APHG mini project by Adeline Kraus

20253380 — 2024-01-19 00:18:33 UTC

British colonizers starting to colonize India in the 1800's and held a conference in 1914 with the Tibetan and Chinese governments to settle borders. They created a boundary line that year and named it the McMahon Line. Beijing never recognized the boudary and claimed 90,000 square kilometres all of which belonged to one of India's states. This misunderstanding then flared up when India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, visited Beijing in 1959.

20253380 — 2024-01-19 17:48:18 UTC

In 1962, the Chinese military arrived at the frontier of the border in India. This started a war that only lasted 4 weeks but left thousands dead before China withdrew. Resulting, Beijing retained the territory known as Aksai Chin which is located by Tibet in Western China but India still claimed it.

20253380 — 2024-01-19 17:55:36 UTC

Nathu La is India's highest mountain pass located between a part of Tibet that China is ruling and Nepal. In 1967, both China and India fired at each other near the rejoin resulting in 80 Indian causalities and 400 Chinese. Ten years later, the last shots fired between countries relating to the border dispute were fired in Arunachal Pradesh.

20253380 — 2024-01-19 18:02:10 UTC

In 2017, India sent troops to Bhutan’s Doklam region in order to stop China from road construction. During this time, the countries were in a standoff for a month. The strip of land was very valuable because it gave China access to Indias Northern states. The land was claimed by China and Bhutan but was resolved without violence and is now considered part of Bhutan.

20253380 — 2024-01-19 18:12:17 UTC

Three years later India reported a violent engagement with China and said 20 of their soldiers were killed. This occurred in Galwan Valley a rejoin very close to the Himalayas. This rejoin was very close to Aksai Chin a former battle site of the dispute and many see history repeating itself. After this, more troops from both sides were brought in until the army commander agreed to have a meeting and talk. Both countries continued to blame each other for the violence and causalities and China continues to control the land.

20253380 — 2024-01-19 18:16:43 UTC

Andreopoulos, Marcus. “China’s Border Talks with Bhutan Are Aimed at India.” Foreign Policy, Foreign Policy, 18 July 2023, foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/18/china-bhutan-border-talks-india-dispute-security/.

“India-China Border Tensions: Key Dates in Decades-Long Conflict.” Al Jazeera, Al Jazeera, 17 June 2020, www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/6/17/india-china-border-tensions-key-dates-in-decades-long-conflict.

“Galwan Valley: China and India Clash on Freezing and Inhospitable Battlefield.” BBC News, BBC, 17 June 2020, www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53076781.