The first three-parent baby is made by a special treatment that tries to assure that the child inherits incurable diseases and it is done through a mitochondrial donation transfer.

Dialogue:

Can anyone go throw the process of having a three-child baby?

How much time does the process go on for?

Facts:

• Tissues' eggs of a healthy donor are estracted for an IVF embryo

• The embryo combines the egg and the sperm of the biological parents

• The baby can develop diseases if he inherits a lot of mitochondria

• The treatment has lots of parts and most have a high risk of going wrong

Summary:

The first three-parent baby was made through a mitochondrial donation through a special treatment that uses the eggs tissue of a healthy female donor to create IVF embryos. The problem is that there are a lot of women that have mutated mitochondria or genetic disorders so they try that this doesn't happen. Normally, the mutations affect that affect the mitochondria then affect energy-hungry tissues such as the heart, the muscles, the brain, etc. This affects the child growth or can make that the child eventually gets diseases.

The first three-parent baby is made by mitochondrial donation treatment that uses 

Sample, I. (2023, 9 May) First UK baby with DNA from three people born after new IVF procedure. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/may/09/first-uk-baby-with-dna-from-three-people-born-after-new-ivf-procedure

Three parent babies could help more than 2.400 in the UK because they do not want to risk having a baby that could have furthered problems but there are controversial opinions.

Arguments

For

• The security of the mother and the child will always be the most important and nothing will be done without the full consentment.

• The mitochondrial transfer only affects the 0.1 percent of the children's DNA and does not affect any type of facial features. 

Against

• Experts say that a mitochondrial transplant is a bit unethical and that it shouldn’t be done because we don't know what the consequences may be at long distance. 

• Epigenetic are seen as another problem since  the environmental influences that can affect genes work either switching them on or off or more things.

Dialogue 

I didn’t know that so many people could benefit from this transfer and it is really amazing how this can be cured by only doing one transfer.

Summary

Three parent babies are a really controversial points in every part of the world but the UK is the first countrie to approve the creation of three parent babies in the hole world but there is very controversial opinions about this here we find some.

For: In when doing the operation nothing will be done without the consentiment of the mother and father same as nothing will be done to the mitochondria without the consentment of the donor. It is know that the transfer does not change any type of physical feature in the child since it only counts as a 0,1 percent of the DNA.

Against: There is many controversial thoughts about this and most of them are from critics that say that this shouldn't be done due to ethical reasons and to future reasons because we do not know how this mitochondrial transfer can react in the future.Three-parent babies: Main arguments for and against ahead of crucial MPs vote By Heather Saul.(3 February 2015) Retrieved from: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/threeparent-babies-main-arguments-for-and-against-ahead-of-crucial-mps-vote-10019901.html

The congress of UK was the first to vote yes to three parent babies they were in favour thanks to the life saving cualities that this project has.

Arguments

• During the debate against the critics who critiqued the technique the UK ministers said that this is the light at the end of the tunnel for many families.

• During the debate the implications of these surgery were commented it was said that these type of surgery would kill and stop the transmission of these type of disease.

• Defective mitochondria are passed by mothers to their children and can lead to brain damage, muscle weakness, blindness and heart failure.

• One of the victims Sharon Bernardi lost all of her 7 children because of her mitochondrial disease so this new type of IVF helps her allot.

Dialogue

How much does this cost is it very expensive?

Summary

Three parent babies is a historical an a great advancement in to our society for the best we have gave opportunities to women that never thought to have the opportunity to have children by the same blood as theirs and not by adopting is giving a chance to woman that have tried and tried and tried a millions times and that not get the chance to get pregnant or if they do with the condition to pass their disease to their future children. This means that this IVF technique cuts the transmission of these diseases which mean that it stops difficulties of having all these diseases which involve brain damage loss of defences and heart failure. We have many examples such as sharon a mother that tried to have 7 children either by natural ways nad by IVF and did not achieve this goal 7 times. MPs say yes to three-person babies, By James Gallagher.(3 February 2015) REtrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/health-31069173

There is a new baby born that was made with a special technique by having the DNA of his mother and father and a very small quantity of a female donor. This baby was born with a special technique to not have any mitochondrial diseases.

Dialogue:

How much money does it cost to have a three parent baby?

They have been trying for decades to try to have a three parent baby with a healthy lifestile

Arguments/Facts:

• The mitochondria is passed by the female donor and there can be mutations

• Pronuclear transfer is one of the tecniques to stop mitochondrial diseases

• If the baby eventually had some mitochondrial diseases the problem would be that there is no cure.

• The cytoplasmic transfer was another way of producing three-parent babies except they were not controlling the mitochondria or cytoplasm

Summary:

The first three-parent baby was born after three decades trying to make a three parent baby with healthy mitochondria and without mutations. The cytoplasmic transfer was a method for the technique that they used to make this three-parent baby that from a female donor they estract a small percentage of the cytoplasm and they inject it into the egg. There is also the pronuclear method that is when the donor's eggs and the mother's eggs get fertilised at the same time and then the nucleus from the donors eggs and the mother's eggs are taken out and put in the donor's eggs. The spidle transfer is when the chromosomes from the mother's eggs are extracted and transfered into the donor's eggs.

Hesman, T. (October 18, 2016) ‘Three-parent babies’ explained. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/three-parent-babies-explained 

The three-parent baby has many types. It means that three parents make a baby and that baby has the genetic information of the three parents. The father supplies the sperm, the mother the both womb and the egg nucleus and another mother or father a healthy mitochondria. 

Dialogue:

Using this new technique, there would not be any risk? There would not have any infection for the parents?  

Arguments/Facts: 

• The three-parent baby can be a new way of preventing the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases.

• In Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), embryos of the couple at risk of having an affected child are generated in a test tube. 

• A problem is the high level of damaging mtDNA in the mother’s egg before the procedure was carried out is not told. 

Summary:  

It is a new technique letting the persons that have risk on having their own children because of issues or disease to have their own genetic children but with three persons. This is developing in many places such as the UK and US. This new way wants to prevent the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases. The mitochondria is very important and it also can cause illness. MtDNA mutations can cause a range of illnesses, including deafness, blindness, diabetes, and heart and liver failure. It can get worse by the higher damage and it does not have a curse. There is the MRT, that in this topic it is very important that is the mitochondrial replacement therapy. This was one of the choices that the mother could take. The things is embryos of the couple at risk of having an affected child are generated in a test tube. In this case the

mothers eggs is removed the nucleus that contains all genetic material and more. After, it is placed into an healthy mitochondrial egg. Then, fertilised with the father’s sperm and the embryo is placed in the mother's egg and developed into the baby. With this they have done experiments with monkeys and mice to be sure that all is healthy and safe.

Poulton, J. (n.d) Three-parent baby raises issues of long-term health risks. Retrieved from: https://www.ox.ac.uk/research/three-parent-baby-raises-issues-long-term-health-risks#:~:text=This%20means%20the%20baby%20has,by%20far%20the%20smallest%20contribution

Things that happened in the past nowadays are things coming back and they are investigating it. For example mitochondria is like the battery of the cell or powerhouse of the cell and it’s what provides the energy for all the cells in our body. Some of the women that carry the  mitochondria DNA have a risk of having children because of devastating diseases.  

Dialogue: 

This video tells us many things about what would happen if a woman has a risk of children from devastating diseases and children would have problems such as us: blindness, dying very young, diabetes and more things. Also about new investigations with some important doctors.   

Argument/Facts:

• taking the nuclear DNA out of a woman's eggs and putting it in another egg with healthy mitochondria.

• They made the experiments on the monkey to be sure it is the same for humans and be comfortable and safe. 

• In the past about 1990’s doctors made projects about it, there were achievements and failures. 

• News papers in New York as the front page the crazy doctor in New York that is making babies with three parents.   

Summary:

The doctors had ideas of taking the nuclear DNA out of a woman's eggs and putting it in another egg with healthy mitochondria and fertilising the egg and producing an embryo and transferring it to the woman and producing the child. 

They had first made the experiments on the monkey so they would be sure it is the same for humans and be comfortable and safe. 

In the past about 1990’s there were similar situations and the doctors where doing projects about it, there were achievements and failures. 

The front page of the newspaper of Washington was very gross by putting the crazy doctor in New York that is making babies with three parents but in real they only want to help people and of course those mother that have mitochondria disease.   

World science festival. (May 30, 2014) Making a baby with three parents. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPAg50-ciZM&t=42s 

The first three parent babies are made to ensure that mothers with incurable diseases can have healthy babies and not transfit their own diseases to their babies.  Although many critics are not  in favour of this. 

Arguments 

• In february 2016  United states posted a report talking about the ethical and social-policy implications and the benefits of three parent children. From then the IOM enforced the policy of the trials in three parent babies.

• It is called Mitochondrial replacement. It is a really risky intervention which involves the DNA of the father and the mother and the DNA of a mitochondrial egg donor. This helps mothers with mitochondrial diseases have babies. 

• But critics from all over the world have criticised this very much. They have pointed out the ethical , genetic and the possibility of exploitation of the third parent egg donor and have pointed out that it is unnatural and non-traditional.

• But all this wont make mitochondrial diseases disappear or it will not kill other people it will simply create healthy lives for people that have had diseases.

Dialogue

 What are the complications that can make this unsafe? And can they be prevented?

Summary

In 2015 the first three parent IVF baby was born in the UK one year later the USA did a document about the why is this advancement so important and why having three parent babies is so good they explained the ethical reasons and were in collaboration of the local minister of sanity and the IOM.

The intervention called mitochondrial transfer was a bit risky since it involved the DNA of the mother, the DNA of the father and the mitocondrias of the donor so it is really important that nothing goes wrong.

Critics from all the world have criticised the exploitation of the donor but it is proved that the donor will never be explotated. What is the Value of three-parent IVF. Tina Rulli,(19 May 2016) Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27198755/#:~:text=Critics%20have%20pointed%20to%20ethical,which%20undermines%20natural%20and%20traditional

Doctor in New York, John Zhang is not concerned about the possibility of future children inheriting this genetic modification. He has his own thoughts about it. 

Dialogue: 

It is a very interesting resource that is talking about the doctor’s opinion about the mitochondria and thoughts about what would be best for the children.  

Argument/Facts: 

• Doctor John Zhang used a mitochondrial manipulation technique for a patient suffering from a disease.

• He believes various underlying techniques used by Zukin’s team were outdated.

• He says that a virus will permanently integrate into the future baby’s DNA, whereas electronic transfer leaves no lasting genetic mark.

Summary: 

fertilization technique. pronuclear transfer was approve in 2015 in United Kingdom. Only women were suffering mitochondrial disease. It replaces defective mitochondria in a mother’s egg with healthy donor mitochondria to prevent mitochondria diseases that passes to the children. This was having debates in United Kingdom. Boy babies carrying donor mitochondria cannot pass their modified genetics into any future children they may have because of specific reasons. If was a baby girl has genetic children, they will inherit her genetic modifications. Doctor John Zhang used a mitochondrial manipulation technique for a patient suffering from a disease and he believes variuos Zukin's team underlying techniques that were outdated. Zukin has is mainly thoughts. Because of the assumption newborn baby’s mitochondrial DNA is not defective. It explain ideas and sentences that Doctor Zhang John says. After all, It’s not forbidden.

Scutti, S. (January 17, 2017) Controversial IVF technique produces a baby girl - and for some, that’s a problem. Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/18/health/ivf-three-parent-baby-girl-ukraine-bn/index.html

The mitochondrial DNA transfer is when the egg has a defective mitochondria and they exchange it with a healthy female donor one so that the baby doesn't have any diseases. It is kind of controversial because of the baby having two mothers.

Dialogue:

When do they know that the mitochndria is defective?

Do the female donors have any contact with the baby?

Arguments/Facts:

For

• It is good because patients with mitochondrial diseases could still have a baby

• The baby will have a better condition to not get diseases for the defective mitochondria

• There is no cure if the baby will have diseases because the mitochondria so it's better for another female to give it

Against

• Three-parent babies have a great risk of getting cancer and they should be monitored all their lives

• It's an extremely difficult thing and it has many risks during the procedure

• The babies would have developmental diseases and they could also have cancer.

Summary:

Some people believe that the three parent baby is a good idea and is the solution for a lot of problems for example the people with mitochondrial diseases could still have babies and wouldn't have any problems. There are some people that are against three parent babes because they believ that is not ethical and because the babes would have a possibility of getting cancer so they would have to be monitored by a doctor all throughout their lives, the processes are extremely difficult and it would be very hard that everything goes as planed, also the babies could also develop more diseases. However, there are other people who believe that there is no problem in three parent babies due to the fact that the women that have mitochondrial diseases could still have a baby without the baby having the mitochondrial mutations that the mother has, so the baby wouldn't have the possibility to inherit the deffective mitochondria and if the baby had the mother's mitochondria inherited and the mitochondria had a mutation, the baby would get a disease that there is no cure for

Knapton, S. (03 February, 2015) Three-parent babies arguments for and against. Retrieved from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11386151/Three-parent-babies-the-arguments-for-and-against.html 

It says that they have been doing investigations about using sperm and egg cells from three different people to make a single embryo, which is fine. It is a way for people who have problems or illnesses to have healthy children from their blood. 

Dialogue: 

This website is very interesting, for example telling how the mitochondria is in the egg cell, and what it helps or does. Also process part of the mother and process parts of the father.  

Argument/Facts:

• The Food and Drug Administration should carefully regulate such experiments, the panel said in a report.

• The mother’s nuclear DNA would be removed and placed into the egg cell of another woman

• The father’s sperm would then be used to fertilise that hybrid egg.

• prevent the transmission of certain types of diseases that occur at the mitochondrial DNA level. 

Summary:
The three-parent babies it is a way, a technique that helps people that have risk of having babies to have their babies healthy and genetically their own. The experiments using the sperm and the egg of three persons is fine.

An in this case the food and frugs should be regulated carefully such experiments.

With this, is used to prevent the transmission of certain types of diseases that occur at the mitochondrial DNA level and having a damaged mitochondria will effect 200 different diseases, it includes different diseases. Knowing this, it is benefiting patients who can not have their own children have their genetically children of their own.

Fox, M. (February 3, 2016) Three-Parent Babies Are OK, Experts Say. Retrieved from: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/three-parent-babies-are-ok-experts-say-n510626

Three parent babies focus on reducing mutations that happen in the mitochondria and that then produce certain diseases that happen.

Argument facts: 

• The ideas of 3 parent babies started in the 1990 and the 2000 when a novel IVF technique was developed known as the ooplasmic transfer

• Ooplasmic transfer was introduced as another type of IVF technique mainly used to help mothers that were not fertile and had mitochondrial diseases.

• But the success that the technique had was so amazing that scientists started trying this more and more to a point that the formation of 3 parent babies was really restricted or even banned. 

• In 2015 IVF of three parent babies was legalised in the United Kingdom with the good purpose of preventing genetic diseases.

Dialogue 

For me it's amazing how even without the technologies of nowadays people still tried to have 3 parent babies in the 1990 and the 2000. 

Summary

The idea of three parent babies was developed many years ago to prevent these mutations that happen in the mitochondria and then are transferred to the child.

In 1990 there was the first try of 3 parent babies and in 2000 this became much more famous amongst scientists and it since there was so much abuse on it they it had to be turned down until 2015 were it was allowed again.

Even though the first three parent baby (made in the UK) was made with a lot of precision and delicacy critics said that they were unsure about the certain health issues the baby could have.

But during these years information has been recopilated about how many women could this transfer help and it could help a lot of women including women that have already tried with other IVF techniques.

Three parent babies. Kara Rogers(No Date) Retrieved from:https://www.britannica.com/science/three-parent-baby

The mitochondrial DNA transfer is when the egg has a defective mitochondria and they exchange it with a healthy female donor one so that the baby doesn't have any diseases. It is kind of controversial because of the baby having two mothers.

Dialogue:

When do they know that the mitochndria is defective?

Do the female donors have any contact with the baby?

Arguments/Facts:

For

• It is good because patients with mitochondrial diseases could still have a baby

• The baby will have a better condition to not get diseases for the defective mitochondria

• There is no cure if the baby will have diseases because the mitochondria so it's better for another female to give it

Against

• Three-parent babies have a great risk of getting cancer and they should be monitored all their lives

• It's an extremely difficult thing and it has many risks during the procedure

• The babies would have developmental diseases and they could also have cancer.

Summary:

Some people believe that the three parent baby is a good idea and is the solution for a lot of problems for example the people with mitochondrial diseases could still have babies and wouldn't have any problems. There are some people that are against three parent babes because they believ that is not ethical and because the babes would have a possibility of getting cancer so they would have to be monitored by a doctor all throughout their lives, the processes are extremely difficult and it would be very hard that everything goes as planed, also the babies could also develop more diseases. However, there are other people who believe that there is no problem in three parent babies due to the fact that the women that have mitochondrial diseases could still have a baby without the baby having the mitochondrial mutations that the mother has, so the baby wouldn't have the possibility to inherit the deffective mitochondria and if the baby had the mother's mitochondria inherited and the mitochondria had a mutation, the baby would get a disease that there is no cure for

Knapton, S. (03 February, 2015) Three-parent babies arguments for and against. Retrieved from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11386151/Three-parent-babies-the-arguments-for-and-against.html 

Three parent babies involve Mitochondrial donations and in the UK they have been recopilated that more than 2.400 women could  benefit from this IVF because they do not want to risk having a baby that could have furthered problems but there are controversial opinions.

Arguments

For

• The security of the mother and the child will always be the most important and nothing will be done without the full consentment of the mother and everything will be done for the good of the child and mother.

• The mitochondrial transfer only affects the 0.1 percent of the children's DNA and does not affect the eye colour or skin colour or any type of facial features. 

Against

• Experts say that a mitochondrial transplant is a bit unethical and that it shouldn’t be done because we don't know what the consequences may be at long distance. 

• Epigenetic are seen as another problem since  the environmental influences that can affect genes work either switching them on or off or more things.

Dialogue 

I didn’t know that so many people could benefit from this transfer and it is really amazing how this can be cured by only doing one transfer.

Summary

Three parent babies are a really controversial points in every part of the world but the UK is the first countrie to approve the creation of three parent babies in the hole world but there is very controversial opinions about this here we find some.

For: In when doing the operation nothing will be done without the consentiment of the mother and father same as nothing will be done to the mitochondria without the consentment of the donor. It is know that the transfer does not change any type of physical feature in the child since it only counts as a 0,1 percent of the DNA.

Against: There is many controversial thoughts about this and most of them are from critics that say that this shouldn't be done due to ethical reasons and to future reasons because we do not know how this mitochondrial transfer can react in the future.

Three-parent babies: Main arguments for and against ahead of crucial MPs vote By Heather Saul.(3 February 2015) Retrieved from: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/threeparent-babies-main-arguments-for-and-against-ahead-of-crucial-mps-vote-10019901.html

The first three parent babie has been made and mostly all of the people are in favour of this due to the fact that it allows the mothers that have been wanting a baby but they can't because they have some problems with their mitochondria

Dialogue:

I didn't know that the catholic group is against this technique.

Arguments/Facts:

• The catholic group don't approve of this controversial technique and say that it's unethical and unhealthy

• Mitochnodria inherit defects in their genes and that is what it makes that the baby could have an unhealthy life.

• This process makes that the defects in the mitochondria are solved by extracting the deg¡fective mitochondria and putting in a perfect one from the donor

• Even though the baby will have a donor's mitochondria, the baby will still be 99.9 percent of the mother and father

Summary:

Some people believe that the three parent baby technique should be prohibeted due to the fact that is unethical, however doctors say that it's extremely in favour. For example Newcastle University has done a special research that has looked at the mitochondrial replacement and if there are negative things but they have said that it is possible and that they give authority to do a trial. The biggest problem would be when they are extracting the mitochondria from the donnor and putting it into the mother's, however the baby will have about 99.9% of the mother's genes of the mother and father. About 25.000 women have defective mitochondria and have passed it to their children and this would be the solution to all the problems by replacing the mitochondria.

Cookson, C (2015, February 3) MPS vote in favour of three parent babies: https://www.ft.com/content/4f9aab02-ab9f-11e4-8070-00144feab7de