History of Education in America by Lori Andersen

History of Education in America by Lori Andersen https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd Education in American society has been influenced by federal policy and judicial review. en-us 2020-10-30 02:53:33 UTC 2025-11-05 04:30:37 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f913.png 1954 Brown v. Board of Education landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879199141 On May 17th, the U.S. Supreme Court decides Brown v Board, ruling that "separate education facilities are inherently unequal". This case overturned Plessy v Ferguson. ]]> 2020-11-01 03:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879199141 1964 Civil Rights Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879201659 The Civil Rights Act becomes law. It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, 🤬, religion or national origin.]]> 2020-11-01 03:09:05 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879201659 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879202736 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is passed on April 9. Part of Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty," it provides federal funds to help low-income students, which results in the initiation of educational programs such as Title I and bilingual education.

Titles in the original act:

Title I – Financial Assistance To Local Educational Agencies For The Education Of Children Of Low-Income Families
Title II – School Library Resources, Textbooks, and other Instructional Materials
Title III – Supplementary Educational Centers and Services
Title IV – Educational Research And Training
Title V – Grants To Strengthen State Departments Of Education
Title VI – General Provisions

Amendments:

Title VI – Aid to Handicapped Children (1965 title VI becomes Title VII)
Title VII – Bilingual Education Programs (1966 title VII becomes Title VIII)

]]> 2020-11-01 03:11:11 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879202736 1968 Bilingual Education Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879204335 The Bilingual Education Act, also know as Title VII, becomes law. After many years of controversy, the law is repealed in 2002 and replaced by the No Child Left Behind Act.]]> 2020-11-01 03:14:51 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879204335 1971 Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Pennsylvania landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879205679 In the case of Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania, the federal court rules that students with mental retardation are entitled to a free public education.]]> 2020-11-01 03:18:01 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879205679 1972 Title IX landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879207441 Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 becomes law. Though many people associate this law only with girl's and women's participation in sports, Title IX prohibits discrimination based on 🤬 in all aspects of education.

What does Title IX do?

Title IX: 37 words that changed everything]]> 2020-11-01 03:21:41 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879207441 1972 The Marland Report landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879208244 The Marland Report to Congress on gifted and talented education is issued. It recommends a broader definition of giftedness that is still widely accepted today.]]> 2020-11-01 03:23:16 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879208244 1973 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879209530 The Rehabilitation Act becomes law. Section 504 of this act guarantees civil rights for people with disabilities in the context of federally funded institutions and requires accommodations in schools including participation in programs and activities as well as access to buildings. Today, "504 Plans" are used to provide accommodations for students with disabilities who do not qualify for special education or an IEP.]]> 2020-11-01 03:25:42 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879209530 1975 PL 94-142 landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879211150 The Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) becomes federal law. It requires that a free, appropriate public education, suited to the student's individual needs, and offered in the least restrictive setting be provided for all "handicapped" children. States are given until 1978 (later extended to 1981) to fully implement the law.]]> 2020-11-01 03:28:35 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879211150 1982 Edwards v. Aguillard landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879212557 In the case of Edwards v. Aguillard, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidates Louisiana's "Creationism Act," which requires the teaching of creationism whenever evolution is taught, because it violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution.]]> 2020-11-01 03:31:45 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879212557 1984 Perkins Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879214239 Public Law 105-332, the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act, is passed with the goal of increasing the quality of vocational-technical education in the U.S. It is reauthorized in 1998 and again in 2006 as the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act (PL 109-270).]]> 2020-11-01 03:35:30 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879214239 1990 IDEA landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879215682 Public Law 101-476, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), renames and amends Public Law 94-142. In addition to changing terminology from handicap to disability, it mandates transition services and adds autism and traumatic brain injury to the eligibility list.]]> 2020-11-01 03:38:28 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879215682 1993 Massachusetts Education Reform Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879216888 The Massachusetts Education Reform Act requires a common curriculum and statewide tests (Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System). As has often been the case, other states follow Massachusetts' lead and implement similar, high-stakes testing programs.]]> 2020-11-01 03:40:50 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879216888 1994 Improving Americaʻs Schools Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879217978 - The Improving America's Schools Act (IASA) is signed into law by President Bill Clinton. It. reauthorizes the ESEA of 1965 and includes reforms for Title I; increased funding for bilingual and immigrant education; and provisions for public charter schools, drop-out prevention, and educational technology.]]> 2020-11-01 03:42:34 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879217978 2001 No Child Left Behind Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879219422 The controversial No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is approved by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush. The law, which reauthorizes the ESEA of 1965 and replaces the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, mandates high-stakes student testing, holds schools accountable for student achievement levels, and provides penalties for schools that do not make adequate yearly progress toward meeting the goals of NCLB. ]]> 2020-11-01 03:45:14 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879219422 2005 Kitzmiller v Dover Area School District landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879220642 The U.S. District Court of Pennsylvania rules in the case of Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District that teaching "intelligent design" as an alternative to evolution is a violation of the First Amendment. ]]> 2020-11-01 03:47:27 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879220642 2007 Parents involved in community schools v Seattle school district No. 1 landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879222059 In the cases of Parents involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No 1 and Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that race cannot be a factor in assigning students to high schools. ]]> 2020-11-01 03:49:46 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879222059 2009 Race to the Top landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879223423 The American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 provides more than 90-billion dollars for education, nearly half of which goes to local school districts to prevent layoffs and for school modernization and repair. It includes the Race to the Top initiative, a 4.35-billion-dollar program designed to induce reform in K-12 education. For more information on the impact of the Recovery Act on education, go to ED.gov.]]> 2020-11-01 03:52:07 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879223423 2009 Common Core State Standards landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879224062 The Common Core State Standards Initiative, "a state-led effort coordinated by the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) and the Council of Chief State School Officers," is launched. ]]> 2020-11-01 03:53:14 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879224062 2012 NCLB Waivers Granted landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879225126 By December, 33 states and Washington DC have been granted NCLB waivers.]]> 2020-11-01 03:54:54 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879225126 2014 Brown at 60 landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879226836 The Civil Rights Project report, Brown at 60: Great Progress, a Long Retreat, and an Uncertain Future, is published. It shows a decline in non-Hispanic Caucasian students, a large increase in Latino students, and the growth of segregation, both by race and poverty, particularly among Latinos in central cities and suburbs of the largest metropolitan areas.]]> 2020-11-01 03:57:06 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879226836 2014 Transgender student policies landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879228108 The Minnesota State High School League votes on December 4 to adopt a policy allowing transgender students to join female sports teams. Minnesota is the 33rd state to have a formal transgender student policy.]]> 2020-11-01 03:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879228108 2015 Every Student Succeeds Act landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879229649 The U.S. Senate votes 85-12 to approve the Every Student Succeeds Act, which is signed by President Obama. This latest version of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) replaces No Child Left Behind and allows more state control in judging school quality.

There are 9 titles in ESSA:

Title I: Improving Basic Programs Operated by State and Local Education Agencies
Title II: Preparing, Training, and Recruiting High-Quality Teachers, Principals, or Other School Leaders
Title III: Language Instruction for English Learners and Immigrant Students
Title IV: 21st-Century Schools
Title V: State Innovation and Local Flexibility
Title VI: Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native Education
Title VII: Impact Aid
Title VIII: General Provisions
Title IX: Education for the Homeless and Other Laws

]]> 2020-11-01 04:01:16 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879229649 2016 Transgender students and school bathrooms landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879230580 On May 13, the federal government tells school districts "to allow transgender students to use the bathroom that matches their gender identity." Though the directive is not a law, districts that do not comply could face lawsuits or lose federal aid.]]> 2020-11-01 04:02:34 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879230580 2016 landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879231542 President-elect Donald Trump names billionaire and school-choice advocate Betsy DeVos Secretary of Education.]]> 2020-11-01 04:03:57 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879231542 2017 Transgender students and school bathrooms landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879232371 February 22: President Donald Trump rescinds the Obama administration's controversial transgender bathroom directive. The issue may eventually be decided by the courts.]]> 2020-11-01 04:04:52 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879232371 2018 & 2019 Teacher strikes landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879234240 On November 4, Chicago teachers end an 11-day strike. In May, Los Angeles teachers ended a six-day strike. In 2018, teachers in Arizona and Oklahoma strike.]]> 2020-11-01 04:07:21 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879234240 1925 State of Tennessee v Scopes landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879245631 A high-school teacher was charged with violating state law by teaching the theory of evolution. This trial started a national debate that continues to the present day.]]> 2020-11-01 04:19:48 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879245631 1931 Alvarez v the Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879248671 The first successful school desegregation court case in the United States. Placing Mexican-American children in a separate "Americanization" school was found to be illegal.]]> 2020-11-01 04:23:02 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879248671 1946 Mendez v Westminster and the California Board of Ed landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879249746 Educating children of Mexican descent in separate facilities is unconstitutional. Segregation in California schools was prohibited. This case was an important precedent for Brown v. Board. ]]> 2020-11-01 04:24:06 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879249746 2020 Gavin Grimm v Gloucester County School Board landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879252879 September 2020: The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit, in a 2-to-1 decision, found in favor of Mr. Grimm in his five-year-long battle with the Gloucester County School Board, a case that has become a flash point in the battle over the rights of LGBTQ students.]]> 2020-11-01 04:27:15 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/879252879 1868 14th Amendment landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967288600 No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

The 14th Amendment has been the basis of many important court cases. ]]> 2020-11-28 17:36:25 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967288600 1791 10th Amendment landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967292918 The Tenth Amendment says that the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people.]]> 2020-11-28 17:40:32 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967292918 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967294728 Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. ]]> 2020-11-28 17:42:09 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967294728 1957 Sputnik landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967308718 In 1957, the launch of Sputnik marked the beginning of the Cold War and anxiety that American schools were falling behind.]]> 2020-11-28 17:55:27 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967308718 1979 U. S. DOE established landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967310449 Federal Department of Education is established as a separate, cabinet-level government agency]]> 2020-11-28 17:57:03 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967310449 1635 First Public School landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967446086 On April 23, 1635, the first public school was established in Boston, Massachusetts. The Boston Latin School was strictly for college preparation. The English school taught Latin and Greek and was centered on the humanities. ]]> 2020-11-28 20:11:04 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967446086 1918 Every US state requires completion of elementary school landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967448196 2020-11-28 20:13:18 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/967448196 Espinoza vs. Montana Dept. of Revenue landerse1 https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/1018629101 In a high profile 5-4 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled last week that the state of Montana cannot exclude religious schools from receiving tax credit-funded scholarships under its school choice program.]]> 2020-12-15 02:40:00 UTC https://padlet.com/landerse1/EDEF310_HistoryOfEd/wish/1018629101