Journey of G3 to Duck Farm by Jean K

Production stages

lihonglow99 — 2020-08-17 07:20:42 UTC

Production period for meat ducks= 45 to 55 days
(Miao, 2010)

Brooding stage=1 to 4 weeks

→ Critical period throughout the production stages
Growing stage=5-16 weeks

→ raised in extensive, intensive or semi-intensive system
(Giri, et al., 2014)

lihonglow99 — 2020-08-17 07:26:36 UTC

1. Feed

Duck are good foragers and scavengers.
Thrive well on locally available feeds and tolerant to harsh environmental and disease conditions.
Importation of raw ingredient can be replaced by the Ag by-products such as copra meal, peanut meal, palm kernel, rice bran and broken rice.

→ Readily available (convert waste into meat and protein).

→ Reduce production cost.

→ Improve management of Ag-waste disposal.
(Adzitey and Adzitey, 2011)

📜 References 📜

lihonglow99 — 2020-08-17 08:24:33 UTC

Abo Ghanima, M.M., El-Edel, M.A., Ashour, E.A., El-Hack, A., Mohamed, E., Othman, S.I., Alwaili, M.A., Allam, A.A., Khafaga, A.F., El-Aziz, A. and Ayman, H., 2020.The influences of various housing systems on growth, carcass traits, meat quality, immunity and oxidative stress of meat-type ducks. Animals, 10(3), p.410.
Adzitey, F. and Adzitey, S.P., 2011. Duck production: has a potential to reduce poverty among rural households in Asian communities–a review. Journal of World’s Poultry Research, 1(1), pp.7-10.
Collage of Veterinary Science, 2019. Duck farming. [online] Available at: [Accessed 23 August 2020].
Delany, M., 2017. Duck raising: the ultimate beginner’s guide. [online] Available at: <https://www.farmingstyle.com/ultimate-guide-duck-raising/> [Accessed 25 August 2020].

Donoghue, A.M. and Wishart, G.J., 2000. Storage of poultry 🤬. Animal Reproduction Science, 62(1), pp.213–232.
FAO, 2010. Technologies and practices for small agriculture procedures.[online] Available at:[Acceseed 7 September 2020].
Ghanem, H.M., Ateya, A.I., Saleh, R.M. and Saidhussein, M., 2017. Artificial insemination vs natural mating and genetic PRL/PstI locus polymorphism and their effect on different productive and reproductive aspects in duck. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5(4), pp.179–184.
Giri, S.C., Sahoo, S.K., Karna, S.K., Saran, S., Sastry, K.V.H. and Kandi, N., 2014. Production performance of ducks under extensive system of management in tribal districts of Odisha. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 49(1), pp.97-100.
Hirschmann, R., 2020. Duck production in Malaysia 2005-2018. [online] Available at:< https://www.statista.com/statistics/659805/malaysia-duck-production/>[ Accessed 17 August 2020].
Hirschmann, R., 2020. Per capita poultry consumption in Malaysia 2006-2019. [online] Available at:< https://www.statista.com/statistics/757983/malaysia-poultry-consumption-per-capita//>[ Accessed 17 August 2020].

Johnson, A.S., 1953. Artificial Insemination and the Duration of Fertility of Geese.

Johnson, S., 2019. 6 duck breeds to raise for eggs. [online] Available at:<https://www.hobbyfarms.com/6-duck-breeds-to-raise-for-eggs-4/> [Accessed 22 August 2020].

Kunnath, S.K. and Kumar, A.P., 2018. Duck farming- an alternative to poverty alleviation. Indian Farmer, 5(3), pp. 258- 268.

Majhi, A., 2018. Role of integrated duck-fish farming and its economic efficiency: a study in Purulia district, West Bengal. International Journal of Science and Research, 7(3), pp. 1390-1395.
Miao, W., 2010. Distribution and characteristics of duck-fish farming systems in Eastern China. Rome: FAO.
Mofidian, S. and Sadeghi, S.M., 2015. Evaluation of integrated farming of rice and duck on rice grain yield in gilan, Iran. Acta universitatis agriculturae et silviculturae mendelianae brunensis, 63(4), pp.1161-1168.
Michelle, M., 2017. Life cycle of ducks. [online] Available at:< https://sciencing.com/life-cycle-ducks-5171810.html/>[ Accessed 17 August 2020].
Orvia, 2020. Duck meat production: breeding Pekin ducks for the world market [online]. Available at:< http://www.orvia.fr/en/News/Orvia/Duck-meat-production/>[ Accessed 17 August 2020].
Poultry Hub, 2020. Layer farm sequence. [online] Available at: <http://www.poultryhub.org/production/industry-structure-and-organisations/egg-industry/layer-farm-sequence/> [Accessed 21 August 2020].
Reddy, J., 2018. Duck farming business plan for beginners. [online] Available at: <https://www.agrifarming.in/duck-farming-business-plan-beginners> [Accessed 25 August 2020].
Savedge, J., 2019. Everything you ever wanted to know about ducks. [online] Available at: <https://www.thoughtco.com/fun-facts-about-ducks-4043231#:~:text=Like%20other%20species%20of%20birds,sure%20do%20look%20like%20them.> [Accessed 21 August 2020].
Stein, B., 2012. Introduction to commercial duck farming. [pdf]. Available at:< https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/animals-and-livestock/poultry-and-birds/species/duck-raising/commercial-duck-farming>[Accessed 17 August 2020].
Stunden, C.E., 1993. Studies on reproductive characteristics and artificial insemination in captive mallard duckS (Anas platyrhynchos). University of British Columbia.
Sunbird, 2019. 6 tips for maximizing duck egg production. [online] Available at:<https://www.sunbirdled.com/post/6-tips-for-maximizing-duck-egg-production> [Accessed 23 August 2020].

Sandhu, T. S., 2014. Duck health care. [online]. Available at:< https://www.vet.cornell.edu/animal-health-diagnostic-center/programs/duck-research-lab/health-care>.[Accessed 17 August 2020].
Watanabe, M., 1957. An improved technique of the artificial insemination in ducks. J. Fac. Fish. Anim. Husb. Hiroshima Univ., 1(3), pp.363–373.
Watanabe, M., 1957. An improved technique of the artificial insemination in ducks. J. Fac. Fish. Anim. Husb. Hiroshima Univ., 1(3), pp.363–373.

Life Cycle of a Duck

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 13:00:19 UTC

Ducks lay eggs but that has only one egg laying phase of their life cycle. Hatching, maturing and mating are steps that will pass through during their life cycle.
Mating Habits
Duck do not mate for life. Each seasonal bond is monogamous which means only one mating partner is chosen at the beginning of the mating season.
Steps 1: Laying Eggs
Mid-March until early July is an egg-laying season for ducks. Normally, ducks will lay around 12 eggs per clutch. The female duck will lay 1- 2 eggs per day until the clutch is completed.
Step 2: Hatching
The incubation process will be done by female duck. After the incubation, the duckling will hatch from the eggs. The hatching period normally takes 23 to 24 hours.
Steps 3: Maturing and Mating
Duckling is led to water within a day of hatching and will learn to identify edible food. Two months is required for ducklings to fly. Within a year, the mating process is ready and the new cycle will proceed again. (Michelle, 2017)

Duck Anatomy 📜

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 13:23:50 UTC

Genus : Anas sp.
Family: Anatidae

Rearing Systems:

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 13:43:43 UTC

1. Extensive Farming (>80% ducks are raised in extensive small-scale farm in Southeast Asia.)
2. Semi-intensive Farming
-10 to 12 square feet per duck of run space (outdoor)
- A floor space of 3 square feet per duck (indoor)
3. Intensive Farming (Developed for more than past 50 years)
- A floor space of 4 square feet per duck
(Collage of Veterinary Science, 2019)

📹Poultry consumption in Malaysia 2006-2019

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 13:54:57 UTC

Malaysia is the third LARGEST duck meat production in world after China and France!!!
(Adzitey and Adzitey, 2011)

Relavence traits and performance testing

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 13:58:15 UTC

Biosecurity

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 14:13:31 UTC

Biosecurity ⏩ the measures taken to prevent, or control the introduction and spread of disease causing organisms to a flock.

1. Control of incoming animals 🐶🐱🐭🐀
2. Manage the movement of people, vehicles and equipment 🚶‍♀️🚗🚚⛏🔧
3. Animal health management 💉💊
4. Feed💦
5. Waste management💩
(Stein, 2012)

Common duck breed for meat purpose

lihonglow99 — 2020-08-17 14:14:16 UTC

Animal Welfare

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 14:19:05 UTC

There are no mandatory skills required as a pre-requisite for farming ducks. However, animal welfare is a critical component. Good stockmanship and an affinity for livestock will provide both productivity and animal welfare outcomes.
Typical livestock nurturing duties include the following:
•providing fresh litter in sheds and removing spent litter;
•providing feed and water;
•monitoring shed temperature and humidity;
•monitoring feed consumption and growth rates;
•capturing and handling birds with confidence and patience;
•washing down equipment and maintaining hygiene standards;
•cleaning sheds after the removal of birds by mechanical or manual means;
•collecting, counting and recording mortalities;
•monitoring health and welfare
Recommended book for practice welfare: https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/3451
(Stein, 2012)

📹Integrated Rice Duck Farming

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 14:31:47 UTC

📹Integrated Fish ©um Duck Farming a Profitable Model

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 14:32:39 UTC

📹Integrated Rice-Duck Farming

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 14:36:49 UTC

📹Know how to earn profit from fish cum duck farming

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 14:37:35 UTC

Animal Welfare

lihonglow99 — 2020-08-17 14:46:34 UTC

Intensive system:

High risk of health problems (ex. lameness).

→ In 2012, avian influenza virus cause around 75 to 100% of ducking mortality in commercial farm.

Behavioral alteration =self-mutilations (ex. feather-pecking) and cannibalism.
Debeaking/ low intensity light= to minimize the damage caused by feather-pecking and cannibalism.

→ Prone to lameness.

→ Impaired visual development.

→ Increased fearfulness.

Ignored biological and behavioral needs (ex. lower access to water for swimming).

→ Suffer from heat stress.

→ Increased risk of infection.

→ For instance, around 65% of ducks drinking from ni℗℗le drinkers had at least one blocked nostril.

High stocking density.

→ Increased ammonia levels.

→ Susceptible to respiratory diseases.

→ For example, broilers exposed to ammonia levels of 25 ppm increased risk of airsacculitis, viral infection, blindness and reduced carcass traits.

→ Negative environmental impact.
(Abo Ghanima, et al., 2020)

📹Duck production in Malaysia from 2005 to 2018(in million heads)

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-17 14:51:42 UTC

Example Video of Farm Biosecurity

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-18 06:04:15 UTC

Layer Farm Sequence🦆🍳

weiyingcheng — 2020-08-21 07:23:07 UTC

Brooding (Day-old to 6 weeks)
->Ducklings need some additional heat
Growing (6 to 20 weeks)
->Beak trimming & vaccinations are done
Moving (at 16-18 weeks of age)

->Moved into laying quarters
->Settled in before egg production begins
Adult layer (20 to/up to 78 weeks)
->Kept in a house at 21-28^oC
Egg collecting and grading
->It takes ~26 hours for each egg to develop
->Each duck lays an egg later & later each day
->A sample of eggs is broken open to check internal quality
Marketing
->Eggs are stored at about 13^oC
(Poultry Hub, 2020)

💡Fun Facts about Duck💡

weiyingcheng — 2020-08-21 09:09:02 UTC

Q1. How long does ducks live?👀
-> Their lifespans depend on:
- Species of duck
- Living conditions (either lives in wild or raised on farm)
- Number of eggs they lay (more eggs, shorter life)
Normally, wild duck can live for 20 years while domestic ducks typically live from 10 to 15 years in captivity.

Q2. Do ducks have teeth?👀
NO ! But they have teeth-like structures called as bristle along the edges of beak, that help them scoop & filter nutrient particles out of the water.

Q3. Do ducks chew their food?👀
NO! They mashes the food with their duck bill. They will shake their head to tear off the food into small pieces. Ducks will swallow little rocks, store the rocks in their gizzard, that help to grind up the foods when ducks swallow.
(Savedge, 2019)

Why choose duck farming ?💰 ➠

chiewsiji — 2020-08-22 17:12:07 UTC

Housing facilities require for duck is inexpensive and simple
Duck is a hardy animal which requires less management from the farmer and more resistant to disease
Duck has a fast growth rate and shorter brooding period
Duck is an omnivorous animal. Duck can consume a wide variety of food such as cassava and corn
Duck able to grow longer and have a lower mortality rate compared to chicken
Duck helps to control the number of snails, grasshopper, and fleas in the farm (Kunnath and Kumar, 2018)

Way to Maximize the egg production of layer

chiewsiji — 2020-08-22 20:31:44 UTC

Provide fresh feed and water

-Fresh feed is required to support the egg production
-Fresh feed is provided depends on duck breed and flock size

Lighting

-Provide 15 hours lighting will help to increase egg production
-Lighting can help duck to realize egg production faster

Egg collection

-The egg collection method is important to prevent egg damage and expose to a moist environment

Egg cleaning

-Bacteria and microorganism able to penetrate into the newly laid egg and spoil the egg
-Prevent cleaning egg with cold water as cold water will attract bacteria that will spoil the egg

Storage

-Prevent storing the egg more than seven days as it will decrease the possibility of egg hatching
-The ideal temperature for egg storage is 13°C, and humidity of 75%

Incubation

-Create an environment with:

Regular checks on the incubator to ensure its working optimally
The right temperature and humidity
Adequate ventilation

(Sunbird, 2019)

lihonglow99 — 2020-08-24 14:39:59 UTC

Duck Farming Guide for Beginners📝

weiyingcheng — 2020-08-27 06:58:15 UTC

Duck Breed
-> decide to raise broiler (meat production) OR layer (egg production)
Food & water
->Ducks are mainly granivores.
->Normally feed on oatmeal, wheat & corn
->They also feed on leftovers from vegetables & insects (especially worms)
*For egg production, minerals/salts should be provided together with regular diet
Housing
->Intensive
->Semi-intensive
->Extensive
*Adequate entrapment is recommended or put gazing globes to protect flock from predators
Mating
->For heavyweight breeds (Eg. Muscovy), need 3 to 5 hens for one drake
->For lightweight breeds (Eg. Runner), 6 to 8 hens for one drake
->Ducks need an extremely quiet environment when mating
Brooding (sit on & incubate their eggs)
->Female ducks are not as good as chicken females at brooding.
->Poor brooding make temperature drop below desired levels which may put ducklings’ development in danger
->Can sent the eggs to brooder house
Health care
->Good hygiene
->Vaccination
(Delany, 2017)

Important Duck Farming Management Tips💡

weiyingcheng — 2020-08-27 07:44:39 UTC

✔Use wire mesh floor in the area for brooding to prevent wetness
✔Always ensure enough clean water in house, if not ducks may be suffered with pneumonia
✔Don't allow newborn ducklings into the pond at least for 15 days, can provide shallow water vessels in house
✔Ducks are sensitive to aflotoxin, eliminate groundnut cake from their feed
(Reddy, 2018)

Commercial intensive duck layer farming

chiewsiji — 2020-08-27 08:46:35 UTC

Automated egg collection system is used in the farm

Extensive duck farming

chiewsiji — 2020-08-27 09:12:43 UTC

- Duck farming combine with rice cultivation in Japan
- Duck is free to feed on food such as insect at the rice field
- Duck is free to move around in the farm

Artificial Insemination of Duck

fredrickning — 2020-08-27 10:25:15 UTC

Semen collection ♂

fredrickning — 2020-08-27 12:04:30 UTC

1) Abdominal massage of the drake
- One operator fixes the bird on a table while another apply message on thighs of drake with thumb on one side and the middle finger on the other (Watanabe, 1957).

2) Semen assessment
- assess the motility, viability, and concentration of the semen collected (Ghanem et al., 2017).

3) Semen dilution
- Good quality semen is diluted to 1:1 ration of semen: diluents to maintain the viability of the sperm and maximized the number of birds to inseminate. The diluent is comprised of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and distilled water (Donoghue and Wishart, 2000).

Insemination ♀

fredrickning — 2020-08-27 12:31:58 UTC

1) Positioning the duck
– The bird is held by both of its leg in horizontal position by one operator (Johnson, 1953).

2) Everting oviduct
– Gentle pressure is applied on the left side of the abdomen around the vent of female duck to avert cloaca and expose the oviduct (Ghanem et al., 2017).

3) Insemination
– One milliliter tuberculin syringe is used to inseminate the bird. About 0.1 ml of air is drawn into the syringe to aid pushing of the semen during insemination. The syringe is inserted into about one centimeter of the oviduct and pressed to release the semen into the bird (Stunden, 1993).

Welcome to our blog 🔜

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 13:11:35 UTC

Journey of Duck Farm🦆

Jump to navigation! Jump to search !

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 13:16:01 UTC

Not to be confused with Biosecurity !

CLICK ⬇
Farm Biosecurity Manual for Duck Industry
https://www.farmbiosecurity.com.au/

↞ Poultry Statistics↠

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 13:33:06 UTC

Start your Duck Farm

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 13:45:34 UTC

Let's go!

Learn Somethings New

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 13:56:12 UTC

WELCOME TO BIOSECURITY AND ANIMAL WELFARE

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:05:47 UTC

How to improve productivity in a SUSTAINABLE manner?

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:19:07 UTC

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:20:58 UTC

2. Integrated farming

Integrated duck-fish farming🐟
Integrated rice-duck farming🌱

→Duck dropping serves as fertilizers to stimulate the growth of zooplankton and phytoplankton (food for fishes)

→ Increase rice yields and average grain weight.

→Ducks can increase soil fertility with their dabbling

→Minimal environmental impact.

→Ducks serve as bio-aerators while swimming.

→Increase feed efficiency and body weight of ducks and fishes.

→Increase food and economic security.

→ Reduction of weeds in rice fields.
(Mofidian, S. and Sadeghi, 2015; Majhi, 2018)

Broiler VS Layer

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:27:30 UTC

Broiler : For Meat
Layers : For Eggs

Rouen

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:40:16 UTC

Duclair

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:40:49 UTC

Pekin

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:42:30 UTC

Muscovy

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:45:46 UTC

WELSH HARLEQUIN

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:52:55 UTC

Produced more than 300 eggs per year

RUNNER

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 14:55:48 UTC

Produced 300 eggs per year

COMMON LAYER BREED

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 15:11:04 UTC

(Johnson, 2019)

Roasted Duck

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 15:31:02 UTC

Smoked Duck

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 15:31:26 UTC

Salted Egg

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 15:32:01 UTC

Duck Egg

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 15:32:48 UTC

Products that can be Generated from Duck

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-27 15:33:29 UTC

Before start, please give us a "Like " ♥

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-28 01:27:57 UTC

PHOTO

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-28 01:47:05 UTC

Technology Trends in Duck Farm

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-28 02:03:58 UTC

Ancona

chiewsiji — 2020-08-28 02:10:09 UTC

Produced around 240 eggs per year

Magpie

chiewsiji — 2020-08-28 02:15:06 UTC

Produced 290 eggs per year

Campbell

chiewsiji — 2020-08-28 02:16:40 UTC

Produced 340 eggs per year

Buff

chiewsiji — 2020-08-28 02:17:31 UTC

Produced more than 200 eggs per year

PHOTO

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-28 02:22:27 UTC

teddyxxx23 — 2020-08-28 02:29:57 UTC

Enjoy Our Blog with Music ! CLICK ⬇

weiyingcheng — 2020-09-07 07:23:33 UTC

Name of members

teddyxxx23 — 2020-09-07 09:17:16 UTC

1. Ku Xin Yan
2. Chew Ker Ning
3. Low Li Hong
4. Chiew Siji
5. Cheng Wei Ying

Overview

fredrickning — 2020-09-07 09:45:11 UTC

Hai!! Welcome to our blog where we will guide you through an exciting journey of duck farm😉
First up, let us learn about the duck anatomy. Next, we will look at the life journey of a duckling grow into an adult duck. We will proceed to understanding the farming system of the duck as well as learn about the breeds of layer duck and breeder broiler duck. Don’t stop there, we will look at the delicious delicacy made from duck product. After letting your eyes have a great meal, we will go though farming practice and production process of broiler and layer ducks.
Before you start duck farming, you would like to know what is the benefit of farming duck right? No problem, we will brief you through before proceed to farming as a beginner duck farmer. Take notes on the tips on how to manage a duck farm, it will be a great help for you. Then, we will proceed to learn about biosecurity and animal welfare of the duck farming as we are responsible farmer that love and care for our animals. Lastly, we love our planet. Thus, we will learn about the sustainable farming practice as a closing for this journey. Congratulation!! You are now ready to become a duck farmer!!

Semi-free range farming

teddyxxx23 — 2020-09-07 12:55:45 UTC

Way of holding ducklings (FAO, 2010)

teddyxxx23 — 2020-09-07 13:00:08 UTC

More information can find in : http://www.fao.org/teca/new-search-result/technology-detail/en/?uid=6953

Some info on hatching in incubator (FAO, 2010)

teddyxxx23 — 2020-09-07 13:02:45 UTC