Introduction to OS DDT1E: Architecture of OS by Ts. Dr. Norhafizah Ismail https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe Monolithic versus Microkernel en-us 2018-07-01 07:01:46 UTC 2024-11-27 23:24:00 UTC hello@padlet.com Give your introduction about yourself (name, hometown, target in this OS class and Mathematics). Discuss the architecture of Operating System (Monolithic and Microkernel Norhafizah https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269060841 2018-07-01 07:07:01 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269060841 Meyza Firzana meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061327 2018-07-01 07:29:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061327 Muhammad Darwisy Bin Muhammad Yazid mh_darwisy98 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061328

I come from Pasir Gudang Johor Bahru
25DDT18F1158
My target is get A in Operating systems class
My Mathematic spm is C

MONOLITHIC
>Architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate with other systems

Example:
-Os,360,VMs, Linux

(Advantage)
-Highly efficient
-Few calls from user space

(Disadvantage)
-Suitable to damaged
-Difficult to isolate

MICROKERNEL
>The servers run in kernel space and some run in user space. All servers are kept separate run in different address spaces

(Advabtages)
●One servers fails , other servers can still work.
●Architecture of this kernel is small
●Expansion of the systems is easier 
●Simply added in the systems application without disturbing the kernel.

(Disadvantages)
Slower processing due to additional message passing.]]> 2018-07-01 07:29:08 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061328 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061331 2018-07-01 07:29:11 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061331 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061332 2018-07-01 07:29:13 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061332 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 DDT meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061334 2018-07-01 07:29:15 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061334 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061337 2018-07-01 07:29:18 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061337 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 25 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061338 2018-07-01 07:29:19 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061338 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 25DDT meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061339 2018-07-01 07:29:22 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061339 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 25DDT1 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061343 2018-07-01 07:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061343 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 25DDT18 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061344 2018-07-01 07:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061344 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 25DDT18F163 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061348 2018-07-01 07:29:30 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061348 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 25DDT18F163 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061349 2018-07-01 07:29:33 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061349 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 25DDT18F163 🌹 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061354 2018-07-01 07:29:34 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061354 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061374 2018-07-01 07:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061374 M̥ͦO̥ͦH̥ͦḀͦM̥ͦM̥ͦḀͦD̥ͦ Z̥ͦḀͦI̥ͦN̥ͦI̥ͦD̥ͦD̥ͦI̥ͦN̥ͦ B̥ͦI̥ͦN̥ͦ ḀͦH̥ͦM̥ͦḀͦD̥ͦ muhammadzainiddin https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061381 ⛳My name is Mohammad Zainiddin bin Ahmad
⛳I come from Port Dickson,Negeri Sembilan
⛳My target is to get A for this OS subject
⛳In Spm i get A in Mathematic

🥋мonolнyтιc :

🏆Definition
⛳earlιer coммon oѕ ,
⛳can dιrecтly coммυnιcaтe wιтн oтнer ѕyѕтeм

🏆eхaмple :
⛳oѕ/360
⛳ vмѕ
⛳ lιnυх

🏆advanтageѕ :
⛳нιgнly eғғιcιenт,
⛳ғew callѕ,
⛳noт вz or ιnтerrυpтιon

🏆dιѕadvanтage :
⛳dιғғιcυlт тo ιѕolaтe(need ѕpecιal place тo ιѕolaтe)
⛳eaѕy тo daмage (erranт/error ) or мalιcιoѕ code


🥋ᴍɪᴄʀᴏᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ

🏆ᴅᴇғɪɴɪᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴍɪcroᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ (also known as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of sᴏғᴛᴡᴀʀᴇ that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪɴɢ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ (OS). These mechanisms include low-level ᴀᴅʀᴇss sᴘᴀᴄᴇ management,ᴛʜʀᴇᴀᴅ management, and ɪɴᴛᴇʀ-ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ(IPC).

🏆ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇ :
⛳ᴍᴀᴄ ᴏs x
⛳ᴡɪɴᴅᴏᴡs ɴᴛ
⛳ɪᴏs

🏆ᴀᴅᴠᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴇs :
⛳ᴋᴇʀɴᴇʟ ᴅᴏᴇs ɴᴏᴛ ᴅᴇᴛᴇʀᴍɪɴᴇ ᴏs ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛ
⛳ᴇᴀsᴇ ᴏғ ᴇxᴛᴇɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏs
⛳ᴍᴏʀᴇ sᴇᴄᴜʀɪᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ʀᴇʟɪᴀʙʟᴇ
⛳ᴇxᴛᴇɴsɪʙʟᴇ : ᴀᴅᴅ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ sᴇʀᴠᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴅᴅ ғᴇᴡ ᴏs       ғᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟʟʏ
⛳ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴇᴀsɪᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴘᴏʀᴛ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴏɴᴇ ʜᴀʀᴅᴡᴀʀᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ

🏆ᴅɪsᴀᴅᴠᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴇs :
⛳sʏsᴛᴇᴍ ᴄᴀʟʟs ᴄᴀɴ ʀᴇǫᴜɪʀᴇ ᴀ ʟᴏᴛ ᴏғ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴍᴏᴅᴇ ᴄʜᴀɴɢᴇs 
⛳ᴇxᴘᴇɴsɪᴠᴇ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇɪᴍᴘʟᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴇᴠᴇʀʏʜᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟ


]]> 2018-07-01 07:30:41 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061381 Vejaya vejayadarsini17 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061386 25DDT1E]]> 2018-07-01 07:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061386 Mohamad Rafizzi Bin Abdul Karim rafizzi_k https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061408 My name is Mohamad Rafizzi Bin Abdul Karim. I'm from Batu Pahat, Johor. My purpose of joining DDT is to become progammer/hacker and app and software developer. I got C+ for modern math. My aim for this sem is to get 4.0 hehehe. Nice to meet you :)

MONOLITHIC ARCHITECTURE 

The monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communication with other system

Example:

OS/360
 VMS

Advantages:
 -High efficient 
 -Few calls from user's space
Disadvantages
 -Easily damaged by malicious code
 -Difficult to isolate

MICROKERNEL

Definition:
 In computer science, a microkernel is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS).These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).


Example:
 Mac OS X
 Windows NT


Advantages :
 -Ease of extending the OS
 -More security and reliability 
 -OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another 




]]> 2018-07-01 07:31:44 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061408 Tarsha👑 tarsigaganasan https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061437 My name is Tarsiga but u all can call me Tarsha☺. I'm from Puchong, Selangor. Got B+ for Maths... I will get good results in OS😉]]> 2018-07-01 07:32:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061437 Meyza Firzana ✨🌸 255DDT18F163 🌹 meyza55 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061474 Im from Johor Bahru, My target in PMJ is get A on all subject. Math Spm result is A and my addmath result is D. I hope can be the best student in PMJ 2018 ✨🌹 Thank You ☺
 Architecture :

1) Monolithic 
🌸Is the earliest & most common OS & also can directly communicate.
🌸 Example : Os/360, VMS, Linux 
🌸 The ADVANTAGES is highly efficient & few calls from user space. 
🌸 The DISADVANTAGES is easily to damage and difficult to isolate. 
2) Microkernel
☘️ A mini software that can provide the mechanims needed to implement an OS
☘️ Low level address space management
☘️ Thread management 
☘ Process communication
☘️ Example : MAC OS X, WINDOWS NT.
☘️ ADVANTAGES ~
1) Ease of extending the OS.
2) OS is more easier to port form one hardware design to another.
☘️ DISADVANTAGES ~
1) System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes.
2) Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model. 




]]> 2018-07-01 07:34:21 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061474 Introduction azmeer_arshad9 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061493 my name is azmeer arshad

i’m from johor bahru

my purpose of joining DDT is to pursue my ambition to be a professional Programmer/Hacker/software developer

my aim for this sem is obviously 4.0 FOR THE WINNNN

i got C+ for modern math 


]]> 2018-07-01 07:35:15 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061493 Puvanes puvaneswary28puva https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061529 Hi puvanes here..im frm skudai
Mt:c+]]> 2018-07-01 07:35:46 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061529 puteri nurfadzlyn 🌸 25DDT18F1146 puterilyn08 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061541 🌸my name is puteri nurfadzlyn , u guys can call me Lyn.
🌸 I come from Pahang. I want to learn more about IT. My target is to get A for any subject. My math SPM result is B. and I hope I can success at Politeknik Mersing Johor😊

ARCHITETURE
1)Monolithic
•The most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system
Example: - OS/360
                 -VMS
                 -Linux
>Advantage :
•highly efficient
•few calls from user’s space   
>Disadvantage:
•easily damage
•dificult to isolate

2)Microkernel:
•A mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
•thread management
•interprocess communication
Example: - Mac OS
                 -Windows NT
>Advantage:
• ease of extending the OS
• OS is more easier to port form one hardware      design to another
>Disadvantage:
• system calls can require a lot of problem mode changes
•expensive to reimplement everything with a new model
 
 

]]> 2018-07-01 07:36:31 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061541 Nur Izzati binti Ros Zeman https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061554 I am from Negeri Sembilan .

My purpose of joining DDT is to get more knowledge of Technologies and more . Also want to be a professional programmer with a lots of knowledge of technologies .

I'm actually taking Multimedia Production when I was at Secondary school and got A- for Multimedia Production subject . And C+ for Maths .

My target is to get all A's at all subject in DDT, insyaallah .
___________
OS : ARCHITECTURE
MONOLITHIC is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate.
~ EXAMPLES : OS/360, VMS, Linux.
~ advantage : highly efficient and few calls from user space.
~ disadvantage : easily to damage (errant/error) and difficult to isolate.

]]> 2018-07-01 07:37:00 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061554 Raja iqbal hakim bin raj abdul rahman 🙏🏻 rajaiqbal2000 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061573 Hi my name is Raja iqbal hakim bin raja abdul rahman, im from johor bahru johor, my target about os class is to study smart and get an A+ in the subject, my mathematics grade is C
Monolithic is the early most common os
Can directly communicate with other systems 
Highly efficient 
Few calls cross from user space
Difficult to icolate
Easily to damage
Example - VMS, OS/360, LINUX]]> 2018-07-01 07:37:54 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061573 Hi , I'm Ahmad fadluddin 👋 fadluddin_03 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061593 Living in Skudai , Johor bahru .
My target for OS is A.
Maths - A
Add Maths - E

Monolithic : ealier , most common , can directly communicate .
Example : OS / 360 , VSM , LINUX 
Advantages : Highly efficient , few call cross from user space.
But , easily to damage cause of error or malicious code & difficult to isolate . 

]]> 2018-07-01 07:38:33 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061593 Vejaya vejayadarsini17 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061597 Hello..vejaya darsini here...
Im frm kota tinggi...
Maths-C+]]> 2018-07-01 07:38:39 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061597 Yogarasi krishnan🐻 Yogarasi https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061687 Im yogarasi
From jb
A- for maths
E for add maths

Monolithytic-earlier common os,can directly communicate with other system

Example-os/360,vms and linux

Advantages-highly efficient,few calls ,not bz or interuption

Disadvantages-diffult to isolate (need special place to isolate )easy to damage (errant /error) or malicious code

]]> 2018-07-01 07:42:07 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061687 Muhd Nazri Bin Md Salman muhdn6050 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061727 My name is Muhd Nazri Bin Md Salman
I stayed at Pontian
My aim for this sem get excellent for all subject
Got C+ for math

]]> 2018-07-01 07:43:58 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061727 darshan_lampard https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061859



Hi,i'm Loha from Ampang,Selangor.i've got A for Maths and D for add maths.I am dead serious to get an A+ in OS.😁

Monolithic architecture OS is the earliest and the most common OS.Directly communicate with few cost and can be easily damaged.Highly efficient.Examples of monolithic are OS/360,VMS,LINUX.                                                                               Microkernel-program allows communication between hardware and software.
Functions:
Abstraction-hardware access,scheduling,IPC
Arbitration-access privileges,preventing system crash.
Example: Mac OS X,Windows NT
 Advantage:service does not require modifying the kernel, (b) it is more secure as more operations are done in user mode than in kernel mode, and (c) a simpler kernel design and functionality typically results in a more reliable
operating system
Disadvantage : (a) Excellent separation but poor performance
(b)Rest of the OS runs on user space
(C)system calls can require a lot of protection made changes

]]> 2018-07-01 07:48:30 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061859 MUHAMMAD RAZIQ BIN MOHD ROPI raziq_2181 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061922 25DDT18F1164
I am raziq from Kota Tinggi, Johor. My target for Operating System (OS) is A. My target for Mathematics is A.

The monolithic is earlist and most common OS and can directly  communicate.Example is OS/360, VMS and LINUX.
Advantages :
  - simple and easy 
  - faster execution due
    to direct access

Diadvantages :
  - addition of new 
    features
  - security issues are 
    always there 
    because there is 
    no isolation among

]]> 2018-07-01 07:50:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061922 MUHAMMAD ARIQ IZUDDIN BIN IKHWAN ariqizuddin07 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061984 Hi im ariq
Im from kulai,jb
my purpose being here to achieve to know well in this subject
math result:b+]]> 2018-07-01 07:51:38 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269061984 Muhamad Nazirulaiman muhdaiman2802 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062025 im from Cheras,Selangor

my target to get A in Operating System and all subject .
Math in SPM - C

MONOLITHIC

the monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system 


OS/360
VMS
LINUX

advantages:

  • highly efficient 
  • few calls from user’s space 
disadvantages:

  • easily damaged by malicious codes and errant
  • difficult to isolate 



]]> 2018-07-01 07:52:57 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062025 vejayadarsini17 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062066 Monolithytic-earlier common os,can directly communicate with other system

Example-os/360,vms and linux

Advantages-highly efficient,few calls ,not bz or interuption

Disadvantages-diffult to isolate (need special place to isolate )easy to damage (errant /error) or malicious code]]> 2018-07-01 07:54:09 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062066 darshan_lampard https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062087 2018-07-01 07:54:26 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062087 azmeer arshad azmeer_arshad9 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062091 the monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system 


OS/360
VMS
LINUX

advantages: 
  • highly efficient 
  • few calls from user’s space 
disadvantages:

  • easily damaged by malicious codes and errant
  • difficult to isolate 

]]> 2018-07-01 07:54:32 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062091 Tam Yu Heng tamyuheng0325 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062111 My name is Tam Yu Heng.I come from Bahau,Negeri Sembilan. I
 got B for maths.The monolithic is the most earlier and most common os.The advantage of monolithic is highly efficient,few calls.The disadvantage of monolithic is easily to damage, difficult to isolate seperate.

 Microkernel
Properties of Microkernels
• Design Philosophy: protected kernel code 
provides minimal “small, clean, logical” set of 
abstractions
• Tasks and threads
• Virtual memory
• Interprocess communication
• Everything else is a server process running 
at user-level
• Examples: Mach, Chorus, QNX, GNU Hurd

Microkernel Advantages
• Extensible: add a new server to add new OS 
functionality
• Kernel does not determine operating system 
environment
- Allows support for multiple OS personalities
- Need an emulation server for each system (e.g.Mac, Windows, Unix)
- All applications run on same microkernel
- Applications can use customized OS 

Microkernel Disadvantages
• Performance
-System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
• Expensive to reimplement everything with a 
new model
-OS personalities are easier to port to new 
hardware after porting to microkernel, but 
porting to microkernel may be harder than 
porting to new hardware
• Bad past history
-See IBM Workplace OS story]]> 2018-07-01 07:55:01 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062111 Kavintheran kavintheranchandrasekaran https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062145
My name is kavintheran a/l Chandrasekaran
I am from Shah Alam,Selangor.
My purpose is to be a professional hacker. 
In spm i get A in mathematics and D in my add maths.

The Monolithic is earlier and most common OS.Example: linux and os
Adventages is highly efficient and disadvantages is difficult to isolate/seperate, easily to damage.

MICROKERNEL
a microkernel is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system. These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication.

ADVANTAGES
-Strong  protection
-Mostly hardware agnostic
-Easy extension to multiprocessor and distributed system

DISADVANTAGES 
- Perfomance
- System calls can require a lot of protection mode 
changes (next slide)
- Expensive to reimplement everything with a 
new model
- OS personalities are easier to port to new 
hardware after porting to microkernel, but 
porting to microkernel may be harder than 
porting to new hardware
- Bad past history
- See IBM Workplace OS story

EXAMPLE
-Mac Os X
-Windows NT.1




]]> 2018-07-01 07:56:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062145 nerushanjeyakumar https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062174 My name is Nerushan s/o Jeyakumar.
I live at Pontian,Johor.
My aim is to be a professional hacker
In Spm i get C+ in Mathematics  .
The monolhytic is earlier and most common os.example:os/360 vms and linux.
The advantage is high efficient and the disadvantage is difficult to isolate and separate easy to damage.

Microkernel
-A microkernel is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions and features required to implement an operating system. 

It provides the minimal number of mechanisms, just enough to run the most basic functions of a system, in order to maximize the implementation flexibility so it allows for other parts of the OS to be implemented efficiently since it does not impose a lot of policies.

Example
-Mac Os X
-Windows NT.1

Advantages
-Mostly hardware agnostic
-Strong protection
-Easy extension to multiprocessor and distributed system

Disadvantages
• Performance
- system calls can require a lot of protection mode 
changes (next slide)
• Expensive to reimplement everything with a 
new model
- OS personalities are easier to port to new 
hardware after porting to microkernel, but 
porting to microkernel may be harder than 
porting to new hardware
• Bad past history
- See IBM Workplace OS story



]]> 2018-07-01 07:57:20 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062174 Muhd Nur Luthfi luthfimahriz https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062357 My name is Muhammad Nur Luthfi bin Mahriz
I’m from Batu Pahat ,Johor
I got B for Math and G for addmath
My target from this OS subject is to get A

Monolithic: earliest and common OS
example:OS/360

The advantages:
-highly efficient 
-few call cross from user space

The disadvantages:
-easily damageby malicious codes and errant
-difficult to issolate

]]> 2018-07-01 08:02:00 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062357 MUHAMMAD AFIQ AZFAR BIN MOHD RANI afiqazfar0270 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062509 25DDT18F1139
I came from Mersing Johor
My target is A in Operating System
Mathematics A in SPM

Monolithic
-architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate
Example
- OS/360
- VMS
- Linux

Advantage
-highly efficient
-few calls from user space

Disadvantage
-suitable to damage
-difficult to isolate

Microkernel
-piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions and features required to implement an operating system

Example
-Mac OS X
-Windows NT

Advantage
-Uniform interface
-Extensibility

Disadvantage
-Slower processing due to additional message passing
-Memory foot print is large





]]> 2018-07-01 08:06:11 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269062509 Muhammad Amirul Khilmi habstraks https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269064673 I came from Shah Alam, Selangor. My target is A in OS. My Mathematics in SPM is C and Add Math is G. Monolithic architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate. For the example is OS/360,VMS,Linux. The advantage is highly efficient and few calls from user space. The disadvantage is sustable to damage and difficult to isolate.

MICROKERNEL
>The servers run in kernel space and some run in user space. All servers are kept separate run in different address spaces

(Advabtages)
●One servers fails , other servers can still work.
●Architecture of this kernel is small
●Expansion of the systems is easier
●Simply added in the systems application without disturbing the kernel.

(Disadvantages)
Slower processing due to additional message passing.


]]> 2018-07-01 09:01:26 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269064673 Nur Farhan Bin Rahmat nurfarhanrahmat98 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269065573 - come from Batu Pahat, Johor
- target for this subject of course "A"
- got "B" for math on my SPM

Monolithic 
- monolithic architecture is the most earliest and the most common OS and directly communicate with other system 

Example 
- VMS
- OS/360
- Linux

Advantages
- highly efficient
- few calls
- not busy or interruption

Disadvantages
- difficult to isolate (need speacial plate to isolate)
- easy to damage (errant/error) or malicious code

Microkernel 
- a  micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
- low level address space management 
- thread management 
- inter-process communication

Example 
- windows NT
- macOS X

Advantages 
- OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another
- Ease of extending the OS 

Disadvantages 
- expensive to reimplement everything with a new model
- system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes

]]> 2018-07-01 09:30:23 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269065573 Puvanes puvaneswary28puva https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269066525 Monolithic architecture is the earliest and most common OS and also can directly communicate. For the example is OS/360,VMS,Linux. The advantage is highly efficient and few calls from user space. The disadvantage is sustable to damage and difficult to isolate.]]> 2018-07-01 10:02:19 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269066525 🙈 OPERATING SYSTEM 🙈 maisarahadibah14 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269068521
🌸 Maisarah Adibah Binti Zainal 
🌸 25DDT18F1143
 
🌸 I came from Bandar Baru Uda , Johor Bahru . My target is to get A in Operating System . I got C+ for subject maths in my SPM result . 

🐹 architecture monolithic

🌸 earliest and most common os
🌸 can directly communicate
🌸 example ; OS/360 , VMS , LINUX

🐹 Advantage

🌸 highly efficient
🌸 few call cross from user space

🐹 disadvantage 

🌸 sustable to damage
🌸 difficult to isolate]]> 2018-07-01 10:56:51 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269068521 OPERATING SYSTEM nurfaezatyroslan https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269077649 ❣ NUR FAEZATY BINTI ROSLAN
❣ 25DDTI8F1147
❣MONOLITHIC

💞 I came from Rengit Batu Pahat Johor.  My  target is to get A in exam Operating System.  I got B for subject mathematics in my SPM result. 

🌷architecture monolithic :
*earliest and most common os
*can directly communicate
*example;  OS / 360, VMS,  LINUX

🌷advantage :
*highly efficient
*few call cross from user space

🌷disadvantage : 
*sustable to damage 
*difficult to isolate 


]]> 2018-07-01 15:23:39 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269077649 Operating System muhdn6050 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269079104 Muhd Nazri Bin Md Salman

> The monolithic architecture is the most earliest and most common OS and directly communicate with other system

> OS/360
>VMS
>Linux

Advantages:
>Highly efficient
>Few calls from user's space

Disadvantages:
>Easily damaged
>Dificult to isolate

MICROKERNEL

>A mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
>Low level address space management 
>Thread management
>Interprocess communication 

Example

>Windows NT
>Mac OS

Advantages:
>Ease of extending the OS
>More security and reliable 

Disadvantages:
>Perfomance
- System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
>Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model
]]> 2018-07-01 15:59:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269079104 Azmeer Arshad azmeer_arshad9 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269100572 Microkernel


  • a  micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
  • low level address space management 
  • thread management 
  • inter-process communication 

Example

  • MAC OS X
  • WINDOWS NT

Advantages

  • Ease of extending the OS 
  • OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another

Disadvantages

  • system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
  • Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model 


]]> 2018-07-01 23:49:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269100572 Muhamad Nazirulaiman muhdaiman2802 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269107077 MICROKERNAL
  • is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions 
  • features required to implement an operating system. 
  • provides the minimal number of mechanisms
  • just enough to run the most basic functions of a system
EXAMPLE 
  1. Mac OS
  2. Windows NT

ADVANTAGE
  •  Ease of extending the OS
  • More security and reliable 

DISADVANTAGE 
  • Performance- system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes 
  • Expensive reimplement everything with a new model 

]]> 2018-07-02 01:41:39 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269107077 Luthfi luthfimahriz https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269114350 Microkernel: the near-minimum amount of software 

• microkernel can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
• including lo-level address space management 
• thread management 
• inter-process communication(IPC)

Example:
• mac OS
• iOS

Advantages 
• kernel does not determine OS environment 
• extensible: add a new server to add bew OS functionality 

Disadvantages 
• system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
• expensive to reimplement everything with a new model ]]> 2018-07-02 03:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269114350 Microkernel Raja iqbal rajaiqbal2000 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269115443
👉🏻 a mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
👉🏻 low level address space management 
👉🏻 thread management

Example

🙏🏻MAC OS X
🙏🏻WINDOWS NT

Advantages

👏🏻 Ease of extending the OS 
👏🏻 OS is more easier to port from one hardware design to another

Disadvantages

👎🏻 system calls can require a lot of protection mode cahnges
👎🏻 Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model
]]> 2018-07-02 03:37:45 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269115443 Maisarah Adibah maisarahadibah14 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269115928
🐹 Microkernel 

🌸 a micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS
🌸 is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions
🌸 include 10-level address space management
🌸 provides the minimal number of mechanisms
🌸 just enough to run the most basic functions of a system

🐹 Example

🌸 Mac OS
🌸 Windows NT

🐹 Advantage

🌸 Ease to extanding the OS
🌸 More security and reliable

🐹 Disadvantage

🌸 System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
🌸 Expensive to reimplement everything with a new model]]> 2018-07-02 03:44:52 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269115928 OPERATING SYSTEM nurfaezatyroslan https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269118566 ❣ NUR FAEZATY BINTI ROSLAN
❣ 25DDTI8F1147
❣MICROKERNEL

🌼 A micro software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS. 
🌼 Is a piece of software or even code that contains the near-minimum amount of functions. 
🌼 Including lo-level address space management. 
🌼 Provides the minimal number of mechanisms. 
🌼 Thread managemant. 
🌼 Just enough to run the most basic functions of a system. 
🌼 Inter-process communication (IPC). 

EXAMPLE : 
👠 iOS
👠 Mac OS
👠 Windows NT. 

ADVANTAGES : 
🏍 Kernel does not determine OS environment. 
🏍 Ease of extending the OS. 
🏍 More security and reliable. 
🏍 Extensible : add a new server to add bew OS functionality. 

DISADVANTAGES : 
🚴‍♀️ Expensive reimplement everthing with a new model. 
🚴‍♀️ System calls can require a lot of protection mode changes. ]]> 2018-07-02 04:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269118566 Nur Izzati https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269118680 MICROKERNEL is a mini software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an OS .
↪ low level address space managment
↪ thread management
↪ inter-process communication

for EXAMPLES : MAC OS X, Windows NT

🌱  Advantages
↪ ease of extending the OS
↪ OS is more easier to port form one hardware design to another
🌱 Disadvantages
↪ system calls can require a lot of protection mode changes
↪ expensive to reimplement everything with a new model]]> 2018-07-02 04:33:09 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269118680 Ahmad Fadluddin fadluddin_03 https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269168159 Microkernel - a mini software  that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an Operating System. 
-low level address space management
-thread management

Example : 
- IOS
- MAC OS

Advantages - ease of extending the OS , more security and reliable , more easier to port form o e hardware design to another . 

Disadvantages - system call csn require a lot of protection mode changes , expensive to implement everything with new model. 

Thank you !]]> 2018-07-02 14:51:17 UTC https://padlet.com/Norhafizah/ck82e34keqwe/wish/269168159