My stellar padlet by safa saniah https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq Made with a dash of wit en-us 2020-12-07 04:40:03 UTC 2026-01-25 16:36:24 UTC hello@padlet.com Benefit- Cost Analysis in Environmental Decision Making safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992831068
  • An analytucal tool in environmental decisioon making
  • A tool that assists in evaluating the viability of a project/policy


    • ]]>     2020-12-07 04:48:25 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992831068     Basic steps safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992837401 2020-12-07 04:51:53 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992837401 Identifying benefits and costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992838067 2020-12-07 04:52:13 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992838067 Assign monetary value to benefits and costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992838923 2020-12-07 04:52:41 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992838923 Adjust for opportunity cost and inflation safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992839581
  • Done via present value determination
  • its the conversion of invest return received in future into its current value
    • ]]>     2020-12-07 04:53:04 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992839581     Compare benefits and cots safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992840676 2020-12-07 04:53:40 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992840676 Determine feasibility of policy/ select the most feasible policy safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992841110 2020-12-07 04:53:55 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992841110 Adjusting for oppurtinity costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992855606 FV into PV
    discounts a future value (fv) into its present value (PV) by accounting for the cost of money.

    PV = FV (1/(1+r)t
    discounting factor     ]]>     2020-12-07 05:01:48 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992855606     Correction for inflation safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992865056
  • accounts for changes in the general price level
  • Nominal value states an amt at current prices.
  • real value states an amount after adjustment for inflation 
  • Defalting = when converting a nominal value into a real value

    • Real value of money =nominal value (1+p)t


    ]]>     2020-12-07 05:07:30 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/992865056     Compare PVB/PVC > 1 safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993867624 policy/ project is feasible when B-C ratio > 1]]> 2020-12-07 13:23:53 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993867624 Net Benefit safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993879827 Compare PVNB with 0 

    IF PVNB > 0,policy is feasible
    PVNB = present vallue of net benefit 

    calculation for PVNB 
    Total PV of benefit - Total PV of cost 


    ]]>     2020-12-07 13:27:39 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993879827     Issues relating to the use of BCA for policy evaluation safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993895553 1) Measurement issue 
    2) Equity issue

    ]]>     2020-12-07 13:32:41 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993895553     Environmental Benefits safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993914534 1) Concept of incremental benefits 
    ie reduction in health, ecological, property and other damages associated with an environmental policy inniative]]>     2020-12-07 13:37:58 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993914534     Types of incremental benefits safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993927524 1) Primary benefits 
    Direct consequence of policy . e.g. increased health , ecology

    2)Secondary Benefits
    Indirect gain to society associated with policy implementation

    ]]>     2020-12-07 13:41:24 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993927524     Quantifying Benefits safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993939265 Total value of environmental quality = user value + existence value]]> 2020-12-07 13:44:25 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993939265 Environmental benefits measured safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993958665 1) Damage function 
    2)Political referendum method
    3)Contigent valuation method
    4) Averting expenditure method 
    5) Travel cost method 
    6) Hedonic pricing method ]]>     2020-12-07 13:49:14 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993958665     Environmental cost safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993977446 2020-12-07 13:53:43 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993977446 Explicit costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993980444 Explicit cost = administrative, monitoring and enforcement expenses of public sector = compliance cost by all sectors

    Compliance cost of firms = caital cost + operating or variable costs ( of abatement)]]>     2020-12-07 13:54:28 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993980444     Implicit costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993985662 Rfer to the value of any nonmonetary effects that negatively influende society's well being 
    e.g : value of diminished product due to a ban on certain inputs
    Time costs of searching for substitutes
    Reduced convenience of policy ]]>     2020-12-07 13:55:47 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993985662     Components of social cost safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993996752 2020-12-07 13:58:33 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993996752 Real-resource compliance cost safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993997395 Direct costs (buying, instaling, operating pollution equipment, changing production process & selling /reusing waste products]]> 2020-12-07 13:58:43 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/993997395 Govt Regulatory Cost safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994003091 Monitoring,adminstrative & enforcement costs of regulation ]]> 2020-12-07 14:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994003091 Social Welfare Losses safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994007402 Reduction in consumer & producer surplus associated w the policy ]]> 2020-12-07 14:01:12 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994007402 Transitional costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994010356 Value of resources displaced & private costs of reallocating the resources ]]> 2020-12-07 14:01:55 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994010356 Indirect costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994013364 Adverse effects on product quality, innovation, porductivity and market effects of policy ]]> 2020-12-07 14:02:37 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994013364 Measuring ec safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994018044 1) Engineering approach 
    estimates abatement expenditure based on leaset-cost technology 

    2) Survey approach
    Use a sample of firms and public facilities to get estimated abatement expenditures]]>     2020-12-07 14:03:41 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994018044     Environmental costs safasaniahhh https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994036237 2020-12-07 14:07:43 UTC https://padlet.com/safasaniahhh/ci07lwh7byopwjeq/wish/994036237