Arch 3340D- History of Southeast Architecture is a historical subject which investigate and studies about and historical architecture building that has been built around the southeast Asia. Malaysia is a part of Southeast Asia  that located in the center region of the Southeast region which Malaysia been board Thailand at the North and Singapore is boarding on the South of Malaysia. There are 13 states total in Malaysia which lead to different culture and accent of Malay language. Topic first of Malaysia Architecture: Traditional Malay House can be clarified as a topic of vernacular design of origins Malay house and the types of the houses that exist before world war until nowadays. However, nowadays the traditional Malay house are not often built due to demand of the new look of the modern and contemporary architecture.  

 

Reflection

Throughout the classes and studies ,Malaysia traditional house was built using a local manpower by try and error concept which the villager will collaborated or working together as a team to build up the house .Besides, most of the material use for the construction is from natural material such as timber, bamboo, and others. Some of the design and arrangement of space has a similarity and some of it has different depend on the states in Malaysia. As the studies and lecture classes the observation I have made, the interior of Malaysia tradition house was divided a space for men and woman for the purpose of privacy. Furthermore, in my perspective the traditional house can be notable as green house due to the thinking on overcome the climate problem by providing a good concept and design by creating or having a natural ventilation and natural lighting to the house. 

  Looking back at the modern architecture, why modern design was design in a close or contiguous state and why the design layout is not like the traditional Malay architectural layout where the traditional house layout is arranged in a state that is far apart from each other which can provide a natural and good ventilation to the house? This is because nowadays the population in our country are increase day by day so that the houses need to be build in the continuous layout but the nowadays also the a modern house has a great improvement compared to the past which the large house or building can support a lot of amount of population in one building therefore the technology can replace the natural ventilation such as fans and air condition. 

In my opinion though tout the observation i have made in this topic,  I really think that modern architect should implement or combine the tradition design into nowadays contemporary design so that the value of Malaysia wont be forget by the next generation. Furthermore, culture of Malaysia mostly fade in mind of new generation in Malaysia, as the modern generation, the way to maintain our culture is by remain and combine the concept of Malay tradition house such as a tradition carving pattern in the modern house so that new generation wont forget the unique of our tradition. To sum up everything that has been started so far, I has conclude that culture and symbolism should has been continue to be introduce and remain into new generation so that it can be as one of the refers of the antique and unique country and others.

 Name: Aqeef Ar-Rasyid Bin Zakaria
Matric No: 201021777
Exam ID: 7713A
Semester: March 2022

 

Topic 2 of history of southeast Architecture explain more into the mosque, palace and others historical building that exist long ago due to the foreign factors. Malaysia is one of Asia country with a large multi-ethnic which is Malay, Chinese, Indian, and others. Long ago before the world war begin Malaysia has become one of the has become the largest trade center in Sumatra island but then Malaysia was conquered by the first colonizers i.e. Portuguese and then the era of world war begin for the sake of Malaysia that rich with natural resources due to the incident there a lot of design and architectural has been introduced to our country and due to that there a lot of new combination of architecture in Malaysia.

Reflection 

Malaysia is the largest trade centre in Asia, due to which, many traders from western countries and other countries come to trade in Malaya. Due to that factor, the influence of art and religion culture began to spread in Malaya as we can see most of the old mosques for example in Melaka and in Negeri Sembilan have a combination of architecture from China and India. Not only that, the palaces and other buildings in Malaysia also have sculptures and arts from foreign countries due to the factor of foreign trade and also foreign colonizers who came to Malaya once upon a time.

Furthermore, some of the buildings now try to imply principles from the Mughals such as the Kuala Lumpur Jamek Mosque and others, the question is whether the combination of design built can adapt to the geographical features of our country. According to my perspective, modern buildings that have traditional sculpture and traditional design can adapt to the Malaysian geographical climate. This is because, the architecture taken or implemented in the building is mostly carvings, arcs and also sculpture on a certain part of the building which does not affect the structure of the building and is not related to geographical problems. In my opinion, carving and architecture like this should be learned and taught by young architects so that the carving and old design can be as a reference and new outlook or idea that can be applied in a new building. In conclusion culture norms that have been introduced in our country in the past have given many changes to our country until today. The classic and unique carvings in the old buildings should be maintained to be a reference material for the new generation on the intricacies of the original carvings of the past so that they do not fade in the future.

Name: Aqeef Ar-Rasyid Bin Zakaria
Matric No: 201021777
Exam ID: 7713A
Semester: March 2022

 

Indonesia is a neighborhood country with Malaysia and Philippines .Indonesia is a country with a vast natural beauty stretching from sabang to Merauke. It is a sovereign state in southeast Asia and Oceania, and it encompasses 33 providence with over 238 million population which making it as the world ‘s fourth most Populus country. Indonesia consist of hundreds of districts which lead to wide range of culture, native, ethnic, and linguistic group. The architect of Indonesia reflects with diversity of culture, historical and geographic influences that have shaped Indonesia as a whole . The Invaders , colonizers, and merchant which from chinese, Arab, European and mostly India has brought and influences their culture and profound effect to this country which change a building style and technique.

Reflection

Culture and ethnic  are the basis of reference and resources for a country. Traders and colonizers which is from Indian, Chinese, Arab and European who came to a country changed a lot and brought changes in a society in that country, especially in terms of sculptures and old buildings. In addition, the tropical climate in Indonesia is also one of the factors that contribute to the formation and development in Indonesia where it produces very unique designs such as traditional Indonesian houses namely Rumah Adat and Rumah Batak. Rumah Adat and Rumah Batak have a unique roof design that is a sharp sloping roof and also a large dangling roof. But, most modern designs in urban areas no longer apply old designs such as temple monuments, decorations, and even unique sculptures which is basically influences from India, the question that I have thinking during the classes is why does the modern design didn’t apply the remain some concept of the traditional design into the modern design? Is the modern design much better than traditional design ?.

After the studies and research, I have made, contemporary design is more efficient to be built than a vernacular design due to the new material sources which are much better than traditional materials. In addition, modern design can accommodate a large number of users in a building compared to vernacular design but the outlook of the new contemporary building nowadays is often can be said as more similar design which the unique of the design is not comparable to vernacular design for example in terms of geometrical shape of the building where vernacular building come out whit the most complex design which make the building look more unique compared to modern building.

In my opinion, carvings and ornaments nowadays are less to be learned by the new generation due to the demand and views of the people who are more into an industrial, contemporary and modern architecture. Apart from that, other factors that drive this direction are in terms of construction and also the weather changes that are happening now are different from the past. This is a traditional design such as carvings and ornaments are less used and applied in modern design in this era.

 Name: Aqeef Ar-Rasyid Bin Zakaria

Matric No: 201021777

Exam ID: 7713A

Semester: March 2022

 

The Cambodia history is located in Mekong River is the first empire of Funan or can be called as an ancient Indianized kingdom that created a first Khmer Kingdom which is the Cambodia Country. Funan is one of the earliest Asian kingdoms that embraced hindunism culture and religion which then created and idea of art of gupta that have a Hindu element to the building. But then after a few decades the Hindu element has been merged with the original design creating the origins and truly original of Cambodian empire.

Reflection

During that century, many achievements of this empire were contributed to Cambodia and other countries during the Angkor period timeline. The country is famous with heritage building such as tombs, palaces, Tower monuments and temples with diamonds, rubies, and gold in that era until nowadays. The uniqueness of their architectural heritage makes it part of the oldest and greatest heritage site ever built. The architecture and carvings in their historic buildings make it a reference and source of civilization that is still applied in society so that it still makes the country as one of the countries that have great power in the past. The observation throughout this topic, I saw that some of the architect and engineer has try to adapt the design into the modern design by combining the design but then is the design successfully respond to current climate condition and also the mindset of modern people?. From the assumption, Cambodia is one of the country that remain and applying  culture to this current modern day, according to the perception of modern architects and engineers who combine these two designs is a good idea where it makes a building unique and attracts people's interest in design. In addition, the design can certainly adapt to the current weather and conditions. According to my perspective and opinion, the combination of the two designs is one of the new steps for to create ideas and concepts for new architect students so that there will be new influences for the modern generation. Heritage building is one of the major culture that can be shown beside of document or scription, it also become an inspiration to certain architect to discover and learn about older generation on how they come out with an idea to built a enormous building that respond to their culture and civilization. I can now describe my experience by theorical based on web search to get to known that culture and religion is the main factor to creating a beautiful building in the country.

 

Topic: Venacular Architecture of Philippines and Thailand 

Name: Aqeef Ar-Rasyid Bin Zakaria

Matric No: 201021777

Exam ID: 7713A

Semester: March 2022

 

Philippines is a mainly Malay descent, Chinese and American or Spanish which most of the Filipinos  name has Spanish names due to Spanish settlement in 19^th century. Thailand is an Asian country that sit above Malaysia. Thailand is one of the most piously Buddhist country and it previously call as Siam. 

Reflection 

The Vernacular architect between these two county is the their traditional house similar to Malay traditional house which using indigenous material such as nipah, bamboo and others but the differ between Philippines traditional house and Thailand traditional house is that Thailand traditional house is more complex on the craving design meanwhile Philippines has no carving pattern or design to the house. 

The question that I have come up with is why Philippines does not have any heritage building and why does Thailand have heritage building? This is because Thailand is one of the Buddhist country which have a combination of Myanmar and Cambodia, which can be see in the temple, palace, and tomb of Thailand. Besides, Thailand culture and religious are slightly same as both country Myanmar and Cambodia. 

Based on this topic, the speculation I’ve made, Philippines traditional house are mostly same as Malaysia traditional house which the concept of the house is to responsive to the climate of the tropical climate of Philippines but Thailand the traditional building are more design into showing their culture and religious of hiddu and buddhist  as can be seen in the building ornament and carving or sculpture.  Next, I think not all the Asia country share the same culture of influences from other country which as I have studies, that Philippines are most descent from Malay, Chinese and Spanish but then Thailand are origin is a combination of Myanmar and Cambodia and I think that for the future reference for young generation of architecture the design should be design to respond to the climate of the area or site. Furthermore, culture and religious should also not be forgotten to be implement to the building either by combination or just take some part of it so that the culture and religious won’t be forgotten by new generation.

 Name: Aqeef Ar-Rasyid Bin Zakaria

Matric No: 201021777

Exam ID: 7713A

Semester: March 2022

Topic 7 is about Chinese Architecture and Japanese architecture. Chinese is well known as 4^th largest country in the world and it also known as “Birthplace of Mankind”. In Chinese culture there believe in Feng Shui philosophy which is the system of harmonizing by following the concept of balance. Japan is a country that influenced from Chinese architecture and the era are mostly of warrior known as samurais and ninja. 

 
Reflection

Throughout the lecture and notes, an ancient Chinese culture balance has led to an idea of them to create their own design principle which is symmetrical for the building layout and design. They also use a timber as their main material for construction meanwhile Japan their influence a same idea to standardize the layout and use timber and bamboo as its main material for the construction and building. 

From this topic, why does not Japan use the same color as Chinese used which is red color for the building? This because Chinese mostly used the color red to show their greatest power empire during the era and gold as the detail meanwhile Japan, they used more to natural color which for them aesthetic natural means calm. 

In my speculation, Chinese architecture such as palace are organized in a symmetrical layout and the building construction and detail also used a symmetrical principle so look more proper and regular layout and more look to 3 dimension which the heritage building is more organize and resistant to the earthquake. Meanwhile Japan follow the same concept to their heritage building but the different is that the layout of the palace for the Japanese architecture is more to linear which in In a straight line. 

Based on these two counties, I really think that for the traditional houses for both of them share a same idea which they divided the spaces into three different spaces which is Private, semi-private and Public. This type of layout can be a reference not just for houses but also building. 

Culture and believes is an actually  a Principle and concept of creating a design which become a major reference to others country such as Japanese refers Chinese as their influences, apart from that refers doesn’t need to be copy exactly the same but it can be change by the thought of our assumption and idea. As a undergraduate architecture student I believe that architecture should influence others country to take the best design into their design so that it can introduce of a new outcome of spectacular design.

Name: Aqeef Ar-Rasyid Bin Zakaria

Matric No: 201021777

Exam ID: 7713A

Semester: March 2022

Islam is a religion than encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious style from foundation of Islam  to the present day. Islam principle is good intent. Islam has born a most intelligent person that donate a lot of knowledge to the world. Islam is principle is adapted and responded to different culture existing tradition of building without weakening the spiritual essence.

Reflection

Based on the observation I have made Islamic architecture concept is geometrical pattern layout, symmetrical, green , Arabesque, Islamic water element and does not use figures or ornament for the design. Furthermore, the design is mostly can be seen in the prayer place called mosque which there a lot of pattern of arabesque.

What is the main purpose of dome in mosque? Dome is a circular roof and is usually hemispherical in form or polygonal space. The function of the dome is to reflect the sound and also the purposed of ventilation and lighting. 

In my speculation arches are the main influences on most of the country as it can be seen in our country. Furthermore, the repetition and symmetrical are the main concept to be use and it also has become of the influences on others indigenous culture. I really think the major influence has come from Islam Architecture which it led to the harmonious and calm to the construction and patter style on the building. I can now reflect that mosque is the biggest reference since few centuries on the concept and principle in built an enormous and beautiful building.