Byzantine Empire by Marion Basa https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx The Byzantine Empire was one of the longest-known medieval empires started by Emperor Constantine I. It ruled most of Eastern and Southern Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Being the wealthiest city in Europe, Constantinople led the empire to power and caused the Byzantine Empire to rise above their neighbors/other empires. They would later fall in 1453, as Constantinople would be invaded by an Ottoman army. en-us 2021-04-08 18:56:44 UTC 2024-12-17 07:18:20 UTC hello@padlet.com The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine Empire basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1397372396 The beginning of the Byzantine Empire occurred when Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople. Sharing continuity with the classical Roman empire gave the Byzantine empire a technological and artistic advantage over its neighbors. In their prime in the 9th century, visitors from beyond the frontier were astonished at the graceful stone arches and domes of the imperial palace in Constantinople. Working class Byzantines had similar lives to their Ancient Roman counterparts. Scholars, such as Anna Komnen and Leo the Mathematician created advantages for the Byzantine Empire.  Their downfall began in 1203, when an army of French and Venetian Crusaders made a deal with Alexios Angelos and destroyed countless works of ancient and medieval art and literature, leaving about one-third of the population homeless. Future emperors built up an end to the Roman Empire.]]> 2021-04-08 19:05:47 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1397372396 6 AP Themes basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1409396907 Economics
  • Until it's Arab conquests Egypt was the main source of grain for the Empire.
  • After Arab conquests Anatolia and Danube were the  breadbasket of the Empire.
  • The economy was strongest when the class of free peasants owned small plots of land
  • Wealthy land owners would often hire or take over the land of peasants to cultivate their land and work on their own.
  • During the invasions of the sixth and seventh centuries however, these plots of land were broken and the theme system helped many peasants get back land.
  • Over time these large estates once again took over small plots of peasants.
  • Large estates would pass their taxes onto the peasants and make them pay, many would make small armies for their own needs, not the empires. This caused social and economic tensions. 
Technology
  • The Counterweight trebuchet, which was far more powerful than the normal traction trebuchet. It was used by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and it is said that it impressed his crusader allies during the siege of Nicaea.
  • The famous Greek Fire. Invented by Kallinikos, it was the flamethrower of the era. It was liquid fire used by the Byzantine navy to inflame the enemy ships. It played a crucial role in saving Constantinople from the Arab onslaught.
  • The cross-in-square architectural form appeared first in the late 8th century. It was used in the construction of churches
Governance
  • Byzantine Empire was an autocracy: the Emperor had complete control of all branches of government, administration and finance and armed forces and the judiciary.
Social Interactions
  • Interactions With Hostile Groups
    • After years of war with neighboring civilizations, including the loss of Syria to the Muslims, the Fourth Crusade seized Constantinople in 1204, which they would never be able to recover from. 
  • Interactions With Friendly Groups
    • The Byzantine Empire had a difficult time dealing with who was considered foreign when forming alliances.
Cultural Developments
  • Constantinople was the center of Byzantine trade and culture and was incredibly diverse.
  • The Byzantine Empire had an important cultural legacy, both on the Orthodox Church and on the revival of Greek and Roman studies, which influenced the Renaissance.
  • The East-West Schism in 1054 divided the Christian world into the Orthodox Church—now the Eastern Orthodox Church—the Catholic Church—now the Roman Catholic Church.
Environment
  • Climate change had occurred at some point in the Byzantine time. Climate changes occurred about 914 years prior to the actual collapse. Rather than a collapse, the Byzantine people demonstrated resilience during these shifts.
]]> 2021-04-12 20:47:05 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1409396907 Byzantine Empire Trade Route Map basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1418379372
  • Connected 3 continents with a vast trade network of caravans, rivers, seaways, and roads
  • Constantinople became the center of religion and trade after the fall of the Roman Empire, until its own demise in 1453 at the hands of the Ottoman Turks
    • ]]>     2021-04-14 20:15:42 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1418379372     Justinian I basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1418510206
  • Most influential emperor of the Byzantine Empire
  • Recaptured lost regions of the Roman territory and initiated significant construction projects and the rebuilding of Constantinople's Hagia Sophia
  • Compiled Roman law into the Corpus Juris Civilis
    • ]]>     2021-04-14 21:01:21 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1418510206     Byzantine Empire's Role In The World basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1434277895 The Byzantine Empire traded with Europe, Asia, and Africa, with Constantinople being the main center of trade. A lot of the items that were traded in this empire were named luxury goods which were very much sought after during that time. The Byzantine Empire was also responsible for shaping the Eastern Orthodox Church.]]> 2021-04-19 17:24:27 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1434277895 Worlds of Christendom basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1434325937
  • The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of Christianity
  • Byzantium continued traditions of Greco-Roman world
  • Byzantium formed Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Byzantine contained a political authority in Constantinople, where the emperor claimed to govern all creation as God’s worldly representative
  • Byzantine emperor was head of both the state and the church
  • Although Latin remained the language of the Church and of elite communication in the West, it was abandoned in the Byzantine Empire in favor of Greek, which remained the basis for Byzantine education
    • ]]>     2021-04-19 17:33:23 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1434325937     Primary Source: Anna Comnena: The Alexiad basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1453375981 https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/AnnaComnena-Alexiad00.asp

    "He decided that first of all it was necessary to summon quickly all the local governors in the East who were holding forts and cities, and making a valiant resistance against the Turks. So he immediately drafted letters to them all; to Dabatenus, temporary governor of Heraclea in Pontus and of Paphlagonia; to Burtzes, governor of Cappadocia and Coma, and to the other leaders. He first set forth the occurrences which by God's providence had raised him to the imperial throne, and saved him miraculously from imminent danger, and secondly he bade them make provision for their respective districts to ensure their safety and leave sufficient soldiers for this purpose, and with the rest to present themselves at Constantinople and also bring up as many newly-recruited men in the prime of life as possible."

    Identify one governance that is illustrated by the source.
    ]]>     2021-04-23 19:29:49 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1453375981     Generalization Of The Byzantine Empire basam1 https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1454022795 Video goes over just general information of the Byzantine Empire and Justinian I. Good video to watch as a refresher. ]]> 2021-04-24 02:03:59 UTC https://padlet.com/basam1/cgevmrsrv9ka33wx/wish/1454022795