2. too much + N (không đếm được): quá nhiều => money, alcohol, sugar,...

= too many + N (số nhiều đếm được) => people, books,...

3. flavour (n): vị (socola, vani,cacao)

4. chilly (n): quả ớt

5. spicy  (adj): cay 

6. fibres (n): chất xơ 

7. There is no use in + Ving: không có tác dụng gì 

Ex: There is no use in complaining. - Phàn nàn cũng không có tác dụng gì, ko có ích gì 

8. Anybody + V(s/es)
9. dish: món
10. most of the time: hầu hết thời gian 
= most of my spare time: hầu hết thời gian rảnh rỗi của tôi 

They felt happy, and I did too.

They felt happy, and so did I.

They didn’t feel happy, and I didn’t either.

They didn’t feel happy, and neither did I.

 => What a lazy student! (Cậu học trò lười quá!)

=> What an interesting novel! (Quyển tiểu thuyết hay quá!)

Ghi chú: N đếm được ở số nhiều, ta không dùng a/an. Và lúc đó cấu trúc câu sẽ là:

=> What tight shoes are! (Giầy chật quá!)

=> What beautiful flowers are! (Bông hoa đẹp quá!)

=> How cold (adj) it is!

=> How interesting (adj) this film is!

=> How well (adv) she sings!

4. A. donation B. priority              C. hopeless             D. low-income

Ex: I prefer to go by car: Tôi thích đi ô tô hơn 

=> I prefer going by car to going by bus

=> I prefer Rap to Bolero

2. be into = be interested in = be fond of = like 

11. be famous for: nổi tiếng với

* Can you give me the book?

* I gave you the book last week.

=> Can you give me the book which I gave you last week?

which: vật 

Who: người

Whom: tân ngữ 

whose + N: dùng cho sở hữu

2. When  S + V(QKĐ), S + V (QKTD)

Ex: When I came home, my mother was cooking dinner

3. This is the first time + S + V (HTHT): Đây là lần đầu tiên 

Ex: This is the first time I have watched an American film without subtitles. 

2. Instead: thay vào đó

3.  avocado (n): quả bơ

4. fat (adj - n): dầu mỡ

5. lean meat: thịt lạc 

a + từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm 

an + từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (ueoai)

SOME: câu khẳng định và câu “Would you like…?”. 

**** Some dùng được cả cho N đếm được và không đếm được. Khi là N đếm được, nó phải ở dạng số nhiều.

       Would you like some water? 

ANY: câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn

  
https://vndoc.com/test-bai-tap-ve-some-va-any-co-dap-an-208751

He is a good boy, isn’t he? 

They aren’t bad students, aren’t they? 

He does a good job, doesn’t he? 

They do a good job, do they?

       

The girl didn’t go to school, did she? 

She was tired, wasn’t she? 

They weren’t happy, were they ? 

She will go home, won’t she? 

Nam is going to study with Ms Ngọc Anh for 3 years, isn’t he?  

Nam has studied with Ms Ngọc Anh for 3 months, hasn’t he? 

Ms Ngọc Anh and Nam have studied together for 3 months, haven’t they? 

Nam had finished his homework before class, hadn’t he ? 

I am => aren’t I 

Ex: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I? 

Ex: Take your seat, won’t you? 

Ex: Open the door, will you?

       Don’t be late, will you?

Ex: Let’s go swimming, shall we?

Ex: Let me use your phone, wil’ you? 

5 - Nothing/anything / something / everything => “ It”

Ex: Everything will be alright, won’t it?

6 - No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone =>“They” 

Ex: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they?

       Noone remembered to leave the messages, did they?

***NOTE: Dùng Nothing, Nobody, No one mệnh đề chính, động từ ở CHĐ sẽ ở dạng khẳng định. 

7 - This/ That =>  “It”

Ex: This won’t take long, will it?

8 - These/ Those =>“They”

Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they?

Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, does he? 

 You ‘d better = had better → hadn’t you ?

You’d rather = would rather → wouldn’t you ?

You used to → didn’t you ?

  1. Mạo từ: 

Eg: a banana, a book,...

Eg: an apple, an orange, an umbrella…

*Lưu ý:  a uniform, a university 

Eg: I have a cat. The cat is lovely.

Ex: The Earth goes around the sun.

Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in that class.

Ex:The poor need help from society./ The rich/ The diabled

Ex: Do you know The Browns?

Ex: The Thames, The Pacific ocean, the Titanic

Ex:I could play the guitar since I was 6.

Ex: The history of England is interesting.

Ex: On the table, in the living room, in the kitchen…

Ex: He only realized that he left the umbrella on the bus after he returned home.

1. He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. (did)
=> Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad

2. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home. 
=> Only when  I got home did I realize how…

Ex: If she has free time tomorrow, she will go shopping

1. If he decides to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.

=> Should he decide to accept…, you 

2. If my mother hears any further news, she will be in touch immediately.

=> Should my mother hear any further news, …

1. If I became rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car.

=> Were I to become rich, …

2. If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car.

=> Were I rich,...

3. If he were not busy right now, he could help them.

=> Were he not busy right now,  

(Nếu không vì, nếu không nhờ có…) 

Ex: I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop. 

1. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.

=> Had she said sorry, …

2. If the computer hadn’t broken down, I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.

=> Had the computer not broken down, …

3. If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something.

=> Had he not been angry, …

1. He is so strong that he can lift the box.

=>  So strong is he that he …

2. She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair.

=> So tired was she that she …

3. He ate so much food that he became ill. (did)

=> So much food did he eat that…

4. He runs so quickly that no one can catch him (do/does)

=> So quickly does he run that…

Ex. He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him.

1. It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it.

=> Such hot coffee is it that I…

2. He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him.

=> Such a fast speaker was he that

7. She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her. (HTĐ: do/ does)

=> Such a soft voice does she have that…

fast speaker was he that we ….

1. She is impatient and dishonest.

=> Not only  is she impatient  but she is also dishonest

2. He is both intelligent and handsome.

=> Not only is he intelligent but he is also handsome. 

1. She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.(did)

=> Not only did she write the text but she also selected the illustrations.

2. Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder. (break / did)

=> Not only did Harry break his leg but he also injured his shoulder

1. As soon as we had come home, it started to rain (về nhà => mưa)

=> No sooner had we come home than it started to rain.

2. As soon as we had turned on the TV, the electricity went out. (bật ti vi => mất điện)

=> Hardly had we turned on the TV when the electricity went out

If S + V(QK), S + would/could/ might + V

   S + didn’t  + V (NT)

Ex: If I became rich, I would spend all my time travelling.

Ex: If I were you, I would buy that bike.

Chú ý: Dùng WERE thay cho was trong tất cả các ngôi trong mệnh đề IF.

Eg: If I were you, I would study English hard.

Ví dụ: Do you know the man who is standing over there?

   Ví dụ: Do you know the man who Mary is talking to over there.

Ví dụ: Peter keeps talking about the girl whom/who he met last 

Ví dụ: She recommends me a restaurant which serves good seafood.

Ví dụ: She read these books which her sister left her.

  Ví dụ: Do you know the man who/that is standing over there.

         Please recommend me a restaurant which/that serves seafood.

Ví dụ: Peter keeps talking about the girl whom/that he met last week.

 

Vd: She is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever met.

Vd: The firemen managed to rescue the old woman and her cats that were stuck in the burning house.

Vd: These books are all that my sister left me.         

Vd: She is the only girl that he has loved. 

 5. WHOSE + N: chỉ sự sở hữu

    Ví dụ: Peter does not like the secretary. His ideas are contrary to his.

Peter does not like the secretary whose ideas are contrary to his.

VD: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.

→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.

VD:  The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at that hotel.

→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.

→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.

VD: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.

→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?

→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?