American History Vocab by Pranav Gokulakrishnan _ Student - DavisDriveMS

Civilization

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:06:28 UTC

The stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced.

Columbian Exchange

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:07:37 UTC

The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, ideas, food, crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World

Indentured Servant

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:08:14 UTC

A person who signs and is bound by indentures to work for another for a specified time especially in return for payment of travel expenses and maintenance.

Chattel Slavery

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:09:31 UTC

Chattel slavery is a form of slavery where people are considered property and can be bought, sold, given, and inherited.

Puritans

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:10:11 UTC

A member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.

Triangular Trade

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:11:07 UTC

The triangular trade was a system of transatlantic trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. It was used to offset trade imbalances between different regions. The triangular trade ran from the 1500s into the 19th century.

Encomienda System

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:11:45 UTC

The encomienda system was a form of forced and unpaid labour used by Spanish authorities and settlers in the colonies of the Spanish Empire.

Southern Colonies

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:12:32 UTC

The Southern Colonies within British America consisted of the Province of Maryland, the Colony of Virginia, the Province of Carolina, and the Province of Georgia.

Middle Colonies

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:15:18 UTC

The Middle Colonies were a subset of the Thirteen Colonies in British America, located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies. Along with the Chesapeake Colonies, this area now roughly makes up the Mid-Atlantic states.

New England Colonies

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-29 00:15:33 UTC

The New England Colonies of British America included Connecticut Colony, the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and the Province of New Hampshire, as well as a few smaller short-lived colonies.

Proclamation Line of 1763

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:09:02 UTC

The Proclamation Line of 1763 was a British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide. Decreed on October 7, 1763, the Proclamation Line prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French following the French and Indian War.

Patriot

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:09:56 UTC

The Patriots were those colonials who were growing weary of British rules and policies, especially when they had no say in how these laws would be made or implemented. They strived for freedom from a tyrannical royal government, often led by Royal Governors who suppressed any utterance of rebellion.

Tory

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:11:57 UTC

During the American Revolution, Loyalists were colonists who supported the British monarchy. They were also known as Tories, Royalists, or King's Men. Patriots were colonists who rebelled against British control.

Articles of Confederation

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:12:36 UTC

The Articles of Confederation were the first constitution of the United States. They were adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777. They were in effect from March 1, 1781, until 1789 when the present-day Constitution went into effect.

Federalists

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:16:17 UTC

The Federalists were an early U.S. political party that fought for a strong federal government. They were instrumental in shaping the U.S. Constitution in 1787.

Anti Federalists

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:17:19 UTC

The Anti-Federalists opposed the ratification of the 1787 U.S. Constitution because they feared that the new national government would be too powerful and thus threaten individual liberties, given the absence of a bill of rights.

Enlightenment

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:18:20 UTC

It was thought during the Enlightenment that human reasoning could discover truths about the world, religion, and politics and could be used to improve the lives of humankind. Skepticism about received wisdom was another important idea; everything was to be subjected to testing and rational analysis.

Albany Plan of Union

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:19:10 UTC

The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. On July 10, 1754, representatives from seven of the British North American colonies adopted the plan.

Northwest Ordinance

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:20:13 UTC

The Northwest Ordinance guaranteed residents' property rights as well as other rights such as trial by jury and freedom of religion. It also prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory. From the outset, the issue of slavery in the western territories was a major source of controversy

Newburgh Conspiracy

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:21:18 UTC

The Newburgh Conspiracy was a failed plan by Continental Army officers to challenge the authority of the Confederation Congress. The conspiracy occurred in March 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War.

Great Compromise

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:22:59 UTC

The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise or the Sherman Compromise, was an agreement reached during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. The compromise established the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the United States Constitution

Three-Fifths Compromise

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:24:34 UTC

The Three-Fifths Compromise was reached among state delegates during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It determined that three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation.

Salutary Neglect

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-09-30 19:26:00 UTC

Salutary neglect is the unofficial British policy of lenient or lax enforcement of parliamentary laws regarding the American colonies during the 1600s and 1700s. This policy was followed to keep colonial allegiance while allowing Britain to focus its attention on European policies.

Political Party

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 15:31:04 UTC

Group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power

Marbury vs. Madison

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 15:32:05 UTC

Landmark 1803 Supreme Court case in which Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of Judicial Review, which grants the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional

Temperance Movement

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:15:36 UTC

Movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of alcohol

Abolition Movement

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:16:29 UTC

Campaign to end slavery

Women's Rights Movement

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:17:48 UTC

The fight for the suffrage (voting) for half of the population

Cotton Gin

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:24:50 UTC

Eli Whitney’s 1793 invention that dramatically improved the speed for processing cotton, changing the trajectory of cotton production in the United States

Steam Engine

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:25:54 UTC

A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion.

Factory System

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:27:17 UTC

Manufacturing businesses first created in the late eighteenth century that concentrated all aspects of production under one roof, reorganized production and divided work. The key aspect was that it was under one roof and had specialized tasks. Made the production faster and more efficient.

Canals

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:28:17 UTC

Human-made waterways connecting natural bodies of water, very important for early travel

Monroe Doctrine

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:31:43 UTC

Warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Democratic Party

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:32:47 UTC

Pro Slavery, favored secession from Union, States' rights, agrarian-oriented, opposed gold standard, supported lowering tariff, and opposed imperialism in 1890s

Whigs

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:33:56 UTC

Opposed Jackson's strong-armed leadership style and policies, but promoted protective tariffs, federal funding for internal improvements, and other measures that strengthened the central government.

Telegraph

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:35:18 UTC

Machine invented by Samuel Morse that used a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire. It connected the different hemispheres of the world, allowing for more communication between people.

Interchangeable Parts

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:35:56 UTC

Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

Impressment

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-01 17:36:36 UTC

The British forcibly enlisted thousands of American men into the Royal Navy from passing ships, and refused to recognize that Americans had renounced their British citizenship

Manifest Destiny

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:46:56 UTC

19th century belief that Americans had the God given right to spread across the whole continent

Compromise of 1850

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:47:07 UTC

Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions in an attempt to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between North and South, this included that the Fugitive Slave Act was amended, the slave trade in Washington, D.C. was abolished, California entered the Union as a free state, a territorial government was created in Utah, and an act was passed settling a boundary dispute between Texas and New Mexico that also established a territorial government in New Mexico

Kansas-Nebraska Act

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:47:52 UTC

Passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´

Popular Sovereignty

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:55:25 UTC

People of a territory should themselves decide the issue of slavery

Fugitive Slave Act

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:55:55 UTC

Required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

Sectionalism

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:56:34 UTC

Loyalty or support of a particular region or section of the nation, rather than the United States as a whole

Secession

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:57:14 UTC

When a state attempts to secede from, or leave, the nation it was once a part of

Union

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:57:50 UTC

Northern half of the country, a group of states that were generally anti-slavery

Confederacy

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:58:20 UTC

Southern half of the country, a group of states trying to separate over the issue of slavery

Thirteenth Amendment

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 22:58:37 UTC

Freed all slaves and abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States

Fourteenth Amendment

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 23:01:03 UTC

Granted African Americans citizenship and equal protection under the law

Fifteenth Amendment

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-10-19 23:01:39 UTC

Granted African American men voting rights

Capitalism

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:25:28 UTC

A system of economic production based on the private ownership of property and the contractual exchange for profit of goods, labor, and money.

Titans of Industry

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:26:10 UTC

Positive name for wealthy business owners during the Gilded Age, implying that they helped the United States become strong through their business pursuits.

Social Darwinism

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:26:33 UTC

The idea that the wealthy and powerful were naturally superior and deserved their success.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:27:01 UTC

The railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

Robber Barons

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:31:14 UTC

Negative term for wealthy business owners during the Gilded Age who made fortunes by monopolizing huge industries through unethical business practices.

Gospel of Wealth

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:31:58 UTC

The idea that extremely wealthy Americans had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good.

Andrew Carnegie

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:32:31 UTC

Known as the steel king; he integrated every phase of his steel-making operation. He pioneered "Vertical Integration" to improve efficiency by controlling the quality of the product at all stages of production and eliminating the middleman.

Unions

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:33:08 UTC

An organized group of workers that use collective bargaining to improve working conditions.

Muckraking

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:33:38 UTC

When writers sought to expose corruption in big business and government.

John D. Rockefeller

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:34:07 UTC

A man who started from meager beginnings and eventually created an oil empire. In Ohio in 1870 he organized the Standard Oil Company. By 1877 he controlled 95% of all of the refineries in the United States.

Migration

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:52:18 UTC

Patterns of movement across the country, including waves of new immigrants and formerly enslaved people moving toward urban centers.

JP Morgan

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:53:08 UTC

A banker who financed the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks. He bought out Carnegie and in 1901 he started the United States Steel Corporation.

Glided Age

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-11-09 22:54:00 UTC

The age between the Civil War and WWI was when the American economy grew rapidly, and individuals were able to use monopolies to amass great wealth.

Women’s Suffrage

pgokulakrishnan — 2023-12-08 01:05:57 UTC

Imperialism