When someone eats, the teeth chew food into very small pieces. Glands in the cheeks and under the tongue produce saliva that coats the food, making it easier to be chewed and swallowed.
  

Saliva also contains enzymes that start to digest the carbohydrates in food.

Oesophagus

The oesophagus is the muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach after it is swallowed. A ring of muscle at the end of the oesophagus relaxes to let food into the stomach and contracts to prevent stomach contents from escaping back up the oesophagus.
 
Stomach

The stomach wall produces gastric juice (hydrochloric acid and enzymes) that digests proteins. The stomach acts like a concrete mixer, churning and mixing food with gastric juice to form chyme — a thick, soupy liquid.
 
Small intestine

Bile from the gallbladder and enzymes in digestive juices from the pancreas empty into the upper section of the small intestine and help to break down protein into amino acids and fat into fatty acids. These smaller particles, along with sugars, vitamins and minerals, are absorbed into the bloodstream through the wall of the small intestine.
 
It is called small because it is about 3.5cm in diameter, but it is about 5m long to provide lots of area for absorption. Most of the chemical digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is completed in the small intestine.
 
Large intestine and anus

The lining of the large intestine absorbs water, mineral salts and vitamins. Undigested fibre is mixed with mucus and bacteria — which partly break down the fibre — to nourish the cells of the large intestine wall and so help keep the large intestine healthy. Faeces are formed and stored in the last part of the large intestine (the rectum) before being passed out of the body through the anus.

If a blood clot forms somewhere in the body (usually the heart) it can travel through the bloodstream to your brain. Once in your brain, the clot travels to a blood vessel that’s too small for it to pass through. It gets stuck there and stops blood from getting through.
b. Thrombotic stroke

As the blood flows through the arteries, it may leave behind cholesterol-laden ‘plaques’ that stick to the inner wall of the artery. Over time, these plaques can increase in size and narrow or block the artery and stop blood getting through.

2. Haemorrhagic stroke

Strokes caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel in the brain are called haemorrhagic strokes (hemm-orr-ragic).

This causes blood to leak into the brain, stopping the delivery of oxygen and nutrients.

SIGNS OF STROKE
F.A.S.T- Asking these simple questions:
Face Check their face. Has their mouth drooped?

Arms Can they lift both arms?

Speech Is their speech slurred? Do they understand you?

Time Is critical. If you see any of these signs call 000 straight away.

SYMPTOMS OF STROKE
Facial weakness, arm weakness and difficulty with speech.

The way a stroke effects and changes the normal body structure and function depends on several factors including:

How stoke can affect the bodies structure/function:

-Weakness on one side of the body, including arms and legs

-Problems controlling or coordinating movements (also arms and legs)

-Ignoring one side of your body, which is called neglect

-Difficulties swallowing food, drink or your own saliva

-Personality and behaviour changes

-Having uncontrollable outbursts of emotion without cause, which is called emotional lability

-Problems with thinking, memory and insight

-Difficulty receiving messages from your senses – smell, touch, taste, sight and hearing

-Problems speaking and understanding, or with reading and writing

-Feeling worried about having sex or having physical changes that make it difficult

-Vision loss

-Incontinence

-Fatigue

FACTS
-Stroke is one of Australia’s biggest killers. It kills more women than breast cancer and more men than prostate cancer

-More than 80 percent of strokes can be prevented

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your esophagus. Many people experience acid reflux from time to time.

Lymph nodes are an important part of your lymphatic system. Lymphedema can be caused by cancer treatments that remove or damage your lymph nodes. Any type of problem that blocks the drainage of lymph fluid can cause lymphedema.

Severe cases of lymphedema can affect the ability to move the affected limb, increase the risks of skin infections and sepsis, and can lead to skin changes and breakdown. Treatment may include compression bandages, massage, compression stockings, sequential pneumatic pumping, careful skin care and, rarely, surgery to remove swollen tissue or to create new drainage routes.

Symptoms

Lymphedema signs and symptoms include:

Signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe. Lymphedema caused by cancer treatment may not occur until months or years after treatment.

Causes

The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that carry protein-rich lymph fluid throughout the body. It's part of your immune system. Lymph nodes act as filters and contain cells that fight infection and cancer.

The lymph fluid is pushed through the lymph vessels by muscle contractions as you move through the tasks of your day and small pumps in the wall of the lymph vessels. Lymphedema occurs when the lymph vessels are not able to adequately drain lymph fluid, usually from an arm or leg.

The most common causes of lymphedema include:

Less commonly, lymphedema results from inherited conditions in which the lymphatic system doesn't develop properly.

There's no cure for lymphedema. Treatment focuses on reducing the swelling and preventing complications.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Many prostate cancers grow slowly and are confined to the prostate gland, where they may not cause serious harm. However, while some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or even no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly.

Prostate cancer that's detected early — when it's still confined to the prostate gland — has the best chance for successful treatment.

Early-stage prostate cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms. 

Symptoms commonly noted during the advanced stage include:

The presence of prostate cancer in other organs and tissues can interfere with the organs ability to carry out its normal functions. Cancerous cells can have an abnormally high metabolic rate. As such, when present in other tissues, they may dominate the supply of nutrients to that organ, essentially starving the host organ.

If your body does not produce enough lactase, lactose is not digested and absorbed in the small intestine in the usual way. Instead, it continues to travel along the digestive tract to the large intestine, where bacteria partially break it down into acids and gases. This fermentation process causes excessive wind, bloating and associated pain.

Any undigested lactose continues along the intestinal tract. This lactose attracts water molecules. So rather than being absorbed into the bloodstream, water remains in the faecal matter (poo) and watery poo (diarrhoea) is the result.