The distribution of light and dark backgrounds affects how easily predators can spot the moths. On a light-colored background, light moths are better camouflaged and less likely to be eaten, while dark moths stand out and are more likely to be preyed upon. On a dark-colored background, the opposite occurs, dark moths blend in better, and light moths are more vulnerable to predators.

Moths that are the same color as their background are less likely to be seen by predators like birds. In a clean environment with light-colored bark, light moths have a higher chance of survival because they can camouflage better. Conversely, in a polluted environment with darkened tree bark, dark moths have a better chance of surviving for the same reason. Moths that stand out against the background are more likely to be eaten.

If there were no predators, the color of the moths would likely stay the same over time because no color would have an advantage. Both light and dark moths would survive and reproduce equally without the need for camouflage.

In a light forest, the light background allows the peppered white moth to blend in and avoid bird detection, whereas the darker peppered moth is easily spotted and more likely to be eaten. While in a dark forest with a darker background, the black moth is better camouflaged, while the white moth becomes more visible to birds and is eaten.

The color of a moth affects its chances of survival. In a light-colored forest, white peppered moths have a higher chance of surviving because they are less visible to predators such as birds. While in a dark forest, white moths are more easily spotted by predators, decreasing their chances of survival. The opposite is true for dark peppered moths, which are better camouflaged in dark forests but more visible in light ones.

If there is no predator in the forest, the population of moths would increase. The color of the moths would also not change. The chances of the colors changing would be low, no adaptation due to survival could be seen, which could mean low chances of variability.

Although the distribution was said to be 50-50, the light moths were more visible on the dark background and vice versa making an illusion that it is 100%.

The color of the moths allow them to easily blend themselves in the surroundings making it more difficult for the predators to spot them. While a contrasting color such as the white peppered moth and the dark forest will make the moth easier to be spotted making them easier to eat.

If there were no predators, the moths do not need to change color because they can easily survive the ecosystem and do not need a defense mechanism against the predator.