In 1902 an experiment in reformatory treatment was begun at Rochester Prison in the Kent village of Borstal to see if a treatment for young offenders could be developed.In 1908 Prevention of Crime Act ordered similar places to be set up and courts given the power to sentence young people of 15-21 years of age. Research at Dover Borstal in the 1970s showed that the longer inmates remained there the more likely they were to reoffend. Of those who left borstals in 1975, 85% were reconvicted. 

  The 1982 Criminal Justice Act abolished prison and borstal sentences for young offenders. 

In 1966, Lord Mountbatten led and enquiry about an escaped spy, and he recommended four categories for prisoners who attained different security risks. 

They were: 

Category A: This will be given to prisoners whose escape would be extremely dangerous to the public and also the police and national security. The aim of such a high level of security is to make escape from that prison impossible. 

Category B: This will be given to prisoners who do not require the highest level of security, but will still need a high level to make any chance of escape from prison extremely difficult. 

Category C: This is for prisoners who cannot be trusted in open prison conditions, but will not necessarily have the intention, the will or the determination to make any real attempt of escape from the prison. 

Category D: This is for those prisoners who pose a low risk in relation to security, and protection of the public, and can be trusted in open prison conditions. 

·       In 1908 borstal training began and prison for children ended. 

·       In 1921 convicts no longer had hair cropping and broad arrows on uniforms were gone 

·       Wardens became prison officers and they were actually trained for their job. 

·       Governors allocated prisoners that were allowed to be visited by ordinary people to get to know them. 

·       In 1948 “penal servitude” and old classifications were ended. The new policy of “Humane containment” became the corrective training. 

·       Psychologists were put in prisons to assist the rehabilitation of prisoners. 

·       They began to control prisoners by “humanising” them towards a normal life. 

·       Tv, good food and sympathetic handling were used to control prisoners   

  Youth custody is designed for violent people, hooligans, those who riot, loot or steal vehicles; it is also for people who drink or take drugs. 

 

Closed prisons:

A 

(High Security) 

Those whose escape would be highly dangerous to the public or national security. Offences that may result in consideration for Category A or Restricted Status include: 

(Attempted) Murder, Manslaughter, Wounding with intent, Rape, Indecent assault, Robbery or conspiracy to rob (with firearms), Firearms offences, Importing or supplying Class A controlled drugs, Possessing or supplying explosives, Offences connected with terrorism and Offences under the Official Secrets Act[citation needed] 

B 

Those who do not require maximum security, but for whom escape still needs to be made very difficult. 

C 

Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions but who are unlikely to try to escape 

D (open prison) 

Those who can be reasonably trusted not to try to escape, and are given the privilege of an open prison. Prisoners at "D Cat." (as it is commonly known) prisons, are, subject to approval, given ROTL (Release On Temporary Licence) to work in the community or to go on "home leave" once they have passed their FLED (Full Licence Eligibility Dates), which is usually a quarter of the way through the sentence. 

After WWII open prisons were started as a way of relieving pressure on overcrowded closed ones. It was cheap to buy a disused armed forces camp and run it as a prison. The men lived in dormitories and worked on farms or made boots. 

The buildings were often very basic, they were often set in rural areas and are usually more difficult for relatives to reach than a closed prison in a town. 

 

Young offenders are people under the age of 18 and will be held in a secure children’s home, a secure training centre or a young offender’s institution. 

Juvenile prisons 

In 1908 prison for children was ended 

In 1921 hair cropping and arrow uniforms were stopped 

The borstal that replaced prisons for children were headed by officers called prison officers and these men had formal training 1921 

1948 penal servitude was ended and was replaced with humane containment which used corrective training this entailed empathic treatment and generally humanising prisoners 

Phycologists where used to support prisoners 

Ordinary people were introduced to the system as prison visitors 

Some prisoners believed that borstals were amazing as one states it  “taught me to read and write” 

 

Prison category 

After a spy escaped prison in 1966 four prison security methods were used the highest A was maximum security and then to D which was for open prison life. 

Courts were given the power to sentence young people of 15-21 years of ages who persistently committed serious offences. 

A suspended prison sentence is the term given to a prison sentence imposed by the court, and then suspended (ie 'delayed'). The court may decide to delay the prison sentence to allow the defendant a period of probation, to undertake treatment for an addiction, or to meet conditions in the community. These conditions include:

·         Having to stay away from a certain place or person

·         Doing unpaid work called “Community Payback”

If the person breaks the conditions of their sentence they can be sent to prison.

Fines

These are set by courts and can be unlimited amounts of money. However, the amount should be commensurate to the crime.

Criminal Behaviour Orders

Antisocial behaviour includes:

·         Drunken or threatening behaviour

·         Playing loud music at night

·         Vandalism and graffiti

This could lead to people receiving civil injunction, Community Protection Notices or Criminal Behaviour Orders. These have replaced Antisocial Behaviour Orders in England and Wales.

If anyone receives any of these punishments, you might need to:

·         Stay away from a particular place

·         Stop spending time with certain people

·         Work on improving your behaviour 

·         Fix damage you caused to someone property