Biology Final Study Guide by KIMBERLEY MCNEIL https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v Made with a lightning strike of genius en-us 2016-12-13 19:14:11 UTC 2025-03-03 10:43:16 UTC hello@padlet.com Inputs/ Outputs kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143470562 Inputs are carbon dioxide, water, and light (photon). Outputs are carbohydrate (most likely glucose), oxygen, and heat. ]]> 2016-12-13 19:38:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143470562 Chemical formula kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143472642 6CO2 +6H2O ----> C6H12O6 +6O2]]> 2016-12-13 19:46:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143472642 Chloroplast kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143473631 A plastid that contains chlorophyll & in which photosynthesis takes place.]]> 2016-12-13 19:50:02 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143473631 Light dependent cycle kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143514478 Takes place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP & NADPH]]> 2016-12-14 02:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143514478 Calvin cycle kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143514639 Refers to light - dependent reactions, it is indirectly dependent on light since the necessary carries ( ATP & NADPH) are product of light- dependent reactions. ]]> 2016-12-14 02:39:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143514639 How light energy is transformed into chemical energy kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143514917 When a photon of light strikes a chlorophyll molecule it zaps it with energy. Allowing a chlorophyll electron filled with energy to spin so fast that it leaves its natural orbit. Such an excited electron is now picked up by an electron carrier like cytochrome. This excited electron has so much energy that it gives off to ADP to acquire an additional phosphate hence forming ATP. Thus radiant energy is converted to chemical energy. ]]> 2016-12-14 02:46:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143514917 Law of conservation of matter kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143515100 Thee mass is constant irrespective of its changes in form; the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed. ]]> 2016-12-14 02:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143515100 Law of conservation of energy kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143515203 Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another.]]> 2016-12-14 02:52:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143515203 Law of conservation of mass - energy kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143515251 total amount of mass remains constant in an isolated system in spite of any physical or chemical changes that may take place.]]> 2016-12-14 02:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143515251 How is energy equal to matter kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521466 Einstein's famous equation from 1905 E=mc2 demonstrates that energy (E) is equivalent with matter (mass m). ... In fact, energy can be transformed into massive particles, and mass can be transformed into energy. Energy in all its different appearances is a key concept in physics.]]> 2016-12-14 04:48:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521466 Cellular respiration kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521560 metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.]]> 2016-12-14 04:51:19 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521560 Products of photosynthesis reactants of cellular respiration kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521633 Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. The main product of cellular respiration is ATP; waste products include carbon dioxide and water.]]> 2016-12-14 04:52:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521633 CO2 emissions kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521720 Carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, and the emissions of other GHGs, are often associated with the burning of fossil fuels, like natural gas, crude oil and coal. While this is harmful to the environment, carbon offsets can be purchased in an attempt to make up for these harmful effects.

]]> 2016-12-14 04:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143521720 The transfer of energy in a ecosystem kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143977471 The low rate of energy transfer between trophic levels makes decomposers generally more important than producers in terms of energy flow. Decomposers process large amounts of organic material and return nutrients to the ecosystem in inorganic form, which are then taken up again by primary producers]]> 2016-12-16 02:09:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143977471 Autotrophs kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143977568  Is an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions.]]> 2016-12-16 02:12:31 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143977568 Heterotroph kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143977590 organism that cannot fix carbon from inorganic sources but uses organic carbon for growth.]]> 2016-12-16 02:13:33 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143977590 Herbivore, omnivore, carnivore kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978189 an animal that feeds on plants, an animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal origin, an animal that feeds on flesh.]]> 2016-12-16 02:32:21 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978189 Decomposers kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978269 organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.

]]> 2016-12-16 02:35:32 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978269 Amount of energy that is available at each level kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978324 The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through an ecosystem]]> 2016-12-16 02:37:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978324 How much energy is transferred at each level kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978434 As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level; the rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat.]]> 2016-12-16 02:40:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978434 Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978496 Building block molecules=sugars, multipurpose molecules, concentrated energy molecule, information Molecule
include DNA and RNA. Major macromolecules within the cell. ]]> 2016-12-16 02:42:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978496 Elements (C, H, N, O, P, S) kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978961 carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, represents the six most important chemical elements whose covalent combinations make up most biological molecules on Earth. ]]> 2016-12-16 02:52:18 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143978961 The structure of the major biomolecules kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143979182 More on protein structure can be found at this blog post. Nucleic acids are the second type of biomolecules that we will discuss. These molecules are responsible for all of our genetic information. You are probably very familiar with DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) and RiboNucleic Acid (RNA. ]]> 2016-12-16 02:57:15 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143979182 How are photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration related to one another in the biosphere? kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143979850 Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.

]]> 2016-12-16 03:10:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143979850 What role does photosynthesis play in altering Earth's atmosphere kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143979987 Photosynthesis helps regulate the quantities of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.]]> 2016-12-16 03:13:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143979987 Two types of respiration kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980471 Aerobic desperation- requires oxygen, anaerobic reperation- does not need oxygen. ]]> 2016-12-16 03:25:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980471 Respiration takes place in three main stages kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980583 1) glycolysis ( anaerobic) 
2) Karen's cycle ( aerobic) 
3) electron transport chain (aerobic) ]]> 2016-12-16 03:28:24 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980583 Where does glycolysis and keeps cycle take place? kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980661 Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm but the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondria]]> 2016-12-16 03:30:55 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980661 Glycolysis : steps kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980752 Glycolysis - glucose is the process in which one molecules of glucose is oxidized to produce two molecule of pyrubic acid. ]]> 2016-12-16 03:33:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980752 Pyruvic acid may kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980958 A) enter mitochondria for Krebs cycle 
B) stay in cytoplasm ]]> 2016-12-16 03:39:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143980958 Krebs cycle kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143981023 1) the oxidation of glucose is completed 
2) the hydrogen that is removed from pyruvic acid will be accepted by NAD+ to form NADH 
3) there will be: a small yield of ATP ]]> 2016-12-16 03:41:35 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143981023 The electron transport chain kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143981125 1) the NADH that has been produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle will be used to produced ATP 
2) most of ATP produced during aerobic respiration is produced by the electron transport chain ]]> 2016-12-16 03:45:16 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143981125 Structure of the mitochondria kimberleymcneil001 https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143981184 Matrix- space inside the membrane, contains the enzymes that are needed for the reactions of the Krebs cycle as well as mitochondria DNA and ribosomes. 
Inner membrane- fold and loops cristae
Cristae- increases the surface area for the process.]]> 2016-12-16 03:47:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kimberleymcneil001/c9y5jsnu2d8v/wish/143981184