You are

We are

He is

She is

It is

They are

You your

He his

She her

We our

They their

It its

Використовуємо для вираження фізичної спроможності, вміння виконувати певну дію.

I can sing.

Can't використовуємо для вираження неспроможності виконувати ту чи іншу дію.

I can't swim.

Якщо ми хочемо запитати когось про його вміння, слово can необхідно винести наперед.

Can you read?

You read Italian

He swim

She can run

Oleh can't play football

Tina sing

They fly

I can run.

You can't read Italian.

s, x, z, sh, ch - es

box boxes

f, fe -( f) ves

knife knives

wolf wolves

y- ies

country countries

o- es

potato potatoes

photo photos

hippohippos

piano pianos

There are (це є) коли мова йде про кілька речей.

Для того щоб утворити запитання достатньо is або are поставити на початку речення.

Apple, potatoes, juice, ball, dogs, chocolate, oranges, two books, some milk, doll and a dall, one piece of pizza, books on the bag.

He plays football every weekend.

I am going to school now.

He is playing football now.

Now, at the moment, right now.

Every

I study English twice a week.

Я зараз вчу англійською.

I am studying English now.

At this moment, at this time, now

I am looking into screen now.

He is looking into screen.

We are looking into screen.

She doesn't play football.

He doesn't play football.

It doesn't play football.

I am not playing football now.

He is not playing football now.

We are not playing football now.

What are you doing ?

What is she doing?

Do you play football?

Are you playing football now?

He/she/it is studying now.

We/ you/they are studying now.

• -

  I am not studying now.

  He/she/it is not studying now.

  We/you/they are not studying now.

  ?

  Am I studying now?

  Is he/she/it studying now?

  Are we/you/they studying now?

There are

Were для множини

I was

He was

She was

It was

You were

We were

They were not

You were in cinema.

Were you in cinema?

I was at school yesterday.

Was he at school yesterday?

She was in park yesterday.

Was she at school yesterday?

cinema nice

Cat camera

and і, також

But але

Or або, чи

Want хочу

I need to get up in morning.

I want to sleep till afternoon.

I want to buy new dress.

I need to buy new trainers.

need to do потрібно зробити

want to do хочу зробити

I want cake.

need needs

He, she, it needs wants to do

He, she, it plays football.

Do Does

I ,we, you, they do not play football.

He , she, it doesn't play football.

She doesn't buy new dress.

You play football.

Do you play football?

Does he play football?

A dog

the USA the UK

Come in time

finished actions in the past

actions at a specific time yesterday, last week, last year, etc.

Structure

Subject + V2 / -ed

Examples

I visited my grandmother.

She played football.

They watched a movie.

Negative

did not (didn’t) + verb

I didn’t play tennis.

He didn’t go to school.

Questions

Did + subject + verb?

Did you see Tom?

We are going to visit the zoo next weekend.

I am going to go to dentist tomorrow.

We can relax, swim, go to vacation in summer. I like to travel in summer.

Doctor doesn't help for sick people.

Does doctor help for sick people?

A firefighter works in an office.

A firefighter doesn't work in an office.

Where does a firefighter work?

A driver drives a bus.

A driver doesn't drive a bus.

Where does a driver drive?

5 five. Fifteen 15. Fifty 50

6 six. 16 sixteen. 60 sixty

7 seven. 17 seventeen 70 seventy

8 eight. 18 eighteen. 80 eighty

9 nine. 19 nineteen. 90 ninety

We have. She has

They have. It has

You have

She can read.

We can ride a bike.

I can't swim.

He can't ride a bike.

They can't cook.

Can you swimm?

Can she cook?

I go to school every day.

She goes to school every day.

We play football every day.

Do. Does

I. He

You she

We. It

They

Does he go to school every day?

Do they play football every day?

We don't play football every day.

She doesn't go to school every day.

We like dancing.

He doesn't like dancing.

She doesn't like reading.

She hates reading.

Palace палац

Cathedral собор

Statue статуя

University університет

Wall стіни, roof дах, door двері, window вікно, floor підлога, stairs сходи, ceiling стеля, elevator ліфт

Someone is in my room, i can hear something.

Anyone was in my room.

Did anyone was in our home?

Did anyone visit us?

завершені дії в минулому

події, що сталися в конкретний час

🔹 yesterday

🔹 last week / last year

🔹 two days ago

🔹 in 2020

+Affirmative (ствердження)

Subject

Verb

I/You/We/They

worked

He/She/It

worked

👉 Regular verbs: verb + ed

play → played

watch → watched

clean → cleaned

👉 Irregular verbs (2 форма):

go → went

see → saw

have → had

make → made

buy → bought

?Questions

Did + subject + verb (base form)?

Did you play football?

Did she go to school?

❌ Negative

Subject + did not (didn't) + verb (base form)

I didn't watch TV.

She didn't go to work.

✅ 1. Action in progress at a specific time in the past

At 7 p.m., I was doing my homework.

✅ 2. Two actions happening at the same time

While I was cooking, my sister was setting the table.

✅ 3. Interrupted action (Past Continuous + Past Simple)

I was watching TV when my friend called.

Form

Positive:

👉 was / were + verb + -ing

I was reading

You were watching

She was cooking

They were playing

Negative:

👉 was not (wasn't) / were not (weren't) + verb + -ing

I wasn’t sleeping

They weren’t studying

Questions:

👉 Was / Were + subject + verb + -ing?

Was she working?

Were you listening?

He

It

I don't play football.

She doesn't play football.

Does he play football?

Do you play football?

He, she, it has gone home.

Already - вже

Since- з певного часу

For- протягом

Ago - тому

I have worked at school five years ago.

I have worked at school for five years.

1️⃣ Плани або наміри на майбутнє

We use going to for plans.

Structure:

Positive

Subject + am / is / are + going to + verb

Examples:

I am going to visit my friend.

She is going to study English.

They are going to travel next week.

Negative

Subject + am / is / are + not + going to + verb

Examples:

I am not going to work tomorrow.

He is not going to buy a car.

We are not going to stay at home.

Questions

Am / Is / Are + subject + going to + verb?

Examples:

Are you going to cook dinner?

Is she going to watch a movie?

Are they going to play football?

= Давай / Давайте

Structure:

Let's + verb

Examples:

Let's go to the park.

Let's watch a movie.

Let's play football.

Why don't we + verb

= Чому б нам не…

Structure:

Why don't we + verb

Examples:

Why don't we go for a walk?

Why don't we cook dinner?

Why don't we visit grandma?

Shall we + verb

= Може…? / Давай…?

Structure:

Shall we + verb

Examples:

Shall we start?

Shall we open the window?

Shall we go home?

Why not + verb

= Чому б не…

Structure:

Why not + verb

Examples:

Why not watch TV?

Why not try pizza?

Why not call him?

It is Saturday morning. Emma and her friend Lily are at home. The weather is sunny, but they don't know what to do. They want to have fun together.

Emma says, "I'm bored. Let's do something interesting."

Lily smiles and says, "Why don't we go to the park?"

Emma likes this idea, but she has another suggestion.

"Why not go to the cinema?" she asks.

Lily thinks for a moment. She likes films, but the weather is very nice.

"Let's enjoy the sunshine," she says.

Emma agrees.

"OK! Shall we ride our bikes to the park?"

"Yes!" says Lily.

"And why don't we take a ball and play games there?"

Emma laughs.

"Great idea! Why not invite Sam and Ben too?"

Lily takes her phone.

"Sure! Shall we call them now?"

After a few minutes, Sam and Ben arrive. They bring snacks and drinks. The friends ride their bikes to the park together. They play football, eat sandwiches, and talk a lot. They are very happy because they spend the day together.

At the end of the day, Emma says,

"That was fun! Let's do this again next weekend."

Everyone agrees.

Артиклі — це маленькі слова, які стоять перед іменниками:

a / an — неозначені (indefinite articles)

the — означений (definite article)

zero article (—) — без артикля

🔹 2. Неозначений артикль: a / an

👉 Використовуємо, коли говоримо про щось вперше або не конкретно

a — перед приголосним звуком

an — перед голосним звуком

Приклади:

I have a dog.

She is a teacher.

He eats an apple every day.

It is an interesting book.

🔹 3. Означений артикль: the

👉 Використовуємо, коли говоримо про конкретну або вже відому річ

Приклади:

The dog is in the garden. (конкретний пес)

I like the book you gave me.

The sun is shining.

🔹 4. Нульовий артикль (—)

👉 Без артикля використовуємо:

з множиною (узагальнення):

→ Cats are cute.

з незлічуваними іменниками:

→ I like milk.

з назвами країн, міст:

→ She lives in Ukraine.

two actions happening one after another

one short action during another action

Structure:

When + Past Simple, Past Continuous

Past Continuous + when + Past Simple

Examples:

When I came home, my mother was cooking.

I was reading when the phone rang.

When the lesson started, the students became quiet.

We use while for two actions happening at the same time.

Structure:

While + Past Continuous, Past Continuous

Examples:

While I was doing homework, my brother was playing games.

She was listening to music while she was cleaning the room.

While we were walking, it started to rain.

Structure:

�

I/You/We/They have to

He/She/It has to

Examples:

I have to get up early.

She has to help her parents.

We have to wear warm clothes in winter.

Negative:

don’t have to = it is not necessary

doesn’t have to = it is not necessary

Examples:

You don’t have to come early.

He doesn’t have to cook dinner.

Questions:

Do you have to study today?

Does she have to work on Sunday?

I / He / She / It

was

You / We / They

were

Positive

I was tired yesterday.

They were at school.

Negative

I was not (wasn’t) tired.

They were not (weren’t) at school.

Questions

Was she happy?

Were they at home?

give advice

say what is a good or bad idea

Structure

Positive

Subject + should + verb

You should drink more water.

We should do our homework.

Negative

Subject + shouldn’t + verb

You shouldn’t eat too much sugar.

He shouldn’t stay up late.

Question

Should + subject + verb?

Should I call her?

Should we go now?

It means:

the same

equal

Formula

�

Example:

Anna is as tall as Kate.

My car is as fast as yours.

This means:

Anna and Kate are the same height.

The cars are equally fast.

When things are NOT equal, we use:

�

Examples:

Winter is not as warm as summer.

Math is not as easy as English.

My bag is not as heavy as yours.

Meaning:

One thing has less of the quality.

Big - bigger - the biggest

Slow - slower - the slowest

Old - older - the oldest

more, the most

Beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful

Interesting - more interesting - the most interesting

Than допомагає порівняти один предмет з іншим.

My book is more interesting than yours.

This book is the most interesting.