1. Discuss the main subjects of Chapter 6
2. Create a mind map together
3. We learn how a discourse analysis works
4. We get to know our own 'lens' as an IDS student
5. Discuss a few topics
6. Answer any questions

Come up with a few keywords or sentences.

• Discourses
• The 'Serious Speech Act'

• Discourse analysis uses the language presented in a body of data to draw meaning.
• While some forms of discourse analysis centre in on the specifics of language (such as sounds or grammar), other forms focus on how this language is used to achieve its aims. 

1. Take 5 minutes to read the article I sent you in Word just before the seminar started. 
2. Use the legend: mark words, sentences and other parts of the article to discover what might be the discourse of the organization/person who wrote it.
3. Discuss your findings!

• It is a reaction to modernization theory
• Two sides of the same coin, 
• ''The South answers back''
• More holistic and positive view 
• Still an imperialistic view 
• Underdevelopment is the result of development elsewhere
• The world system theory (core, semi-periphery, periphery)
• There is also critique on the modernist idea of unilinear progress in countries 

• Development as a uniform evolutionary route that all societies follow, from agricultural, rural, and traditional societies to postindustrial, urban, and modern forms 
• To modernize you have to be like us (us vs you)
• Rostow - historical stages
• Rationalism 
• Technological and economical innovation, focus --> industrialize, growth centers.
• Theory that was dominant in the 50s and 60s 
• Trickle down: cut taxes for the richest and the benefits will trickle down and benefit the rest of society 
• Top-down approaches

• Modernization and dependency agree on involvement of the state; but neoliberalism wants less involvement of state. 
• Based on individual capacities of people
• Capitalism
• Invisible hand (J. Lock) --> market regulates itself, people and economy do whatever they want (privatization), state is just there in case something goes wrong, but not otherwise. 
• Opposite to socialism and communism
• Richer become richer, poorer become poorer.
• Eliminating concept of public goods and replacing it with personal responsibility. If you cannot tag along, you'll be 'punished' ; it's your own fault (e.g. you're lazy) and not that of the system. 
• Based on classical theory of economy
• Increased privatization 
• Critical towards ISI model
• Globalization was created through neoliberalism.
• Opening world-economy, deregulation, opening free market. 

• For Foucault, power and knowledge are not seen as separate entities but are inevitably related --> knowledge is always an exercise of power and power is always a function of knowledge. 
• Power/knowledge could be productive and restraining (positive/negative) --> it can limit what we do but also open up new ways of acting and thinking about ourselves.
• Example: History of Sexuality --> confession in Christianity: through confessions (form of power) people were motivated to "tell the truth" (produce of knowledge) about personal emotions, sexual desires, lies, etc. 

• Mechanism of power that regulates thought and behavior of social actors through subtle means.
• It works by organizing space (e.g., how a classroom is built), time (e.g., the exact times you are supposed to be at school everyday), and everyday activities. 
• Modern society is a disciplinary society: power in modern society is exercised through disciplinary means (e.g., prison, hospitals, military, universities).