One was that the “City Beautiful movement” interested residents in a more harmonious and organized public space through large-scale urban design.

Secondly, the Great Depression led to the realization of the evils of laissez-faire and the deterioration of slum conditions. There was an urgent need for the Government to address the problem.

The visitor's attitude should be ambiguous and subtle, which needs to be looked at in stages. In the early 1930s, some of New York City's "heresies" may have helped to spread the spending power of tourists across the city's attractions, in other words, the Old City or "random explorations of the cityscape" appealed to tourists. But in the mid-to-late 1930s, as the proportion of "white collar" paid vacations grew, the skyscrapers and engineering marvels of New York City's transformation became more recognizable and easier to see, such as Rockefeller Center.

commercialization of the tourist landscape

2.gentrification

preservation were finally seen as converging by city officials. Simultaneously, it marked a dramatic shift in American’s attitudes towards urban space since the utopian visions of the fair’s 1939 iteration had so

captivated millions of Americans. Now it was the city as it was, not as it could possibly be, that attracted tourists to the city.

2.Modernization

2.the same city officials and merchants were increasingly active in ‘selling’ the modernization to visitors as one of New York’s most attractive qualities.

By the mid-1930s, the New York municipal government had committed itself to a programme of slum clearance

The American public was becoming increasingly receptive to the utopian visions promised by urban renewal.

Older neighbour hoods, though still primary destinations, were being challenged by the more singular attractions of the city’s modern buildings and infrastructure. Old style has been replaced by the urban renew. Many of the symbolic architectures replaced by the homogenous buildings.

But for tourists, they held different opinions towards urban renewal. Some people seeks for “mass tourism” while some still prefer “slumming” itinerary…

Modernization

For local public, improved infrastructure and environment can surely make their life quality escalate from time to time, and a solid foundation is provided for future urban development. However, in certain extent, gentrification may occur in local community and lifestyle of original local community may be hard to maintain, since the renewal was not only for local public.

Two phenemena: Changes in tourists' expectations and geographical location.

This marks a great change in Americans' attitude towards urbanspace, because the utopian vision of the 1939 Expo attracted millions of Americans. Now, it is the city that attracts tourists, not the possible appearance. People have re-emphasized the local community and character. The uniqueness of this new tourism model is that it envisions the city as a place to consume unique experiences, not simple commodities.