Ch.2 by Lauren McComb

Language Acquisition

laurenmichelleritzer — 2024-06-25 20:03:53 UTC

Behaviorists hypothesized that children learned their first language through stimulus, response, and reinforcement as well, postulating imitation and association as essential processes.

Ex. See Ball (looks like a sphere) then the child would pronounce the word by imitation, then the adult will praise the child for saying "ball", which reinforces the child's correct response.

Language Acquisition- by Chomsky

laurenmichelleritzer — 2024-06-25 20:09:59 UTC

Language acquisition could only. be accounted for by an innate, biological language acquisition device (LAD) or system.

Chomsky claimed that infants universally possess an innate "grammar template", or universal grammar, which will allow them to select the many grammatical rules of the language they hear spoken around them, as they gradually construct the grammar of their mother tongue.

Children acquire grammatical rules with the help of their parents or caregivers.

Language Acquisition- Interactionist position

laurenmichelleritzer — 2024-06-25 20:19:18 UTC

Caregivers play a critical role in adjusting language to facilitate the use of innate capacities for language acquisition. The view contrasts sharply with the innatist perspective that adapting language has little effect on a child's acquisition process.

The "Interactionist" view takes into consideration the importance of both nature and nurture in the language acquisition process.

Interactionists study the language mothers and other caregivers use when caring for infants and young children with special attention to modifications that they make during these social interactions to assist children in communication.

EX:

Child- "Birthday cake, Megan's house"

Mom- "We had birthday cake at Megan's

house." What else did we do at Megan's house?"

Child-"Dolly"

Mom-"Megan got a dolly for her birthday, didn't she?"

Audiolingual method

laurenmichelleritzer — 2024-06-25 20:26:41 UTC

Tape-recorded dialogues are presented to students to memorize, followed by pattern drills for practicing verb forms and sentence structures.

This sequence has been disputed

Creative Construction Theory- (Dulay, Butt, & Krashen, 1982)

laurenmichelleritzer — 2024-06-25 20:35:44 UTC

English language samples were collected using a structured interview based on colorful cartoon pictures. Children were asked about the pictures in ways that elicited the use of certain grammatical structures. The student's errors were examined whether they could be attributed to influence from the first language or if they were related to young-native children's mistakes. *Data showed some learner errors could be traced to influence from the first language, however, the majority of errors were similar to those made by native English-speaking youngsters as they acquired their mother tongue.

Defined as:

laurenmichelleritzer — 2024-06-25 20:45:29 UTC

The idea that comprehensible input is necessary for second language acquisition also forms a basic tenet of the interactionist position.

Interactionists view the communicative give-and-take of natural conversations between native and non-native speakers as the crucial element of the language acquisition process.

*Output* A second language learner's output facilitates acquisition in at least two ways: It can serve to elicit requests for clarification, thus requiring repetition or paraphrasing that is more understandable. Secondly. as learners speak and write the new language, they will actively select the grammar, vocabulary, and linguistic style that will best express their ideas.

*Learner output plays an important role in second language acquisition alongside comprehensible input.